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"Yu, Hua"
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Brothers
Set against the brutality and violence of the Cultural Revolution and its aftermath, this is a novel about boys becoming men, about family feuds and the ties that bind, that bind all of us, even those who refuse to be bound by mere convention or custom because they are bound for far greater glories.
Book
A high capacity small molecule quinone cathode for rechargeable aqueous zinc-organic batteries
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-organic batteries are promising energy storage systems with low-cost aqueous electrolyte and zinc metal anode. The electrochemical properties can be systematically adjusted with molecular design on organic cathode materials. Herein, we use a symmetric small molecule quinone cathode, tetraamino-p-benzoquinone (TABQ), with desirable functional groups to protonate and accomplish dominated proton insertion from weakly acidic zinc electrolyte. The hydrogen bonding network formed with carbonyl and amino groups on the TABQ molecules allows facile proton conduction through the Grotthuss-type mechanism. It guarantees activation energies below 300 meV for charge transfer and proton diffusion. The TABQ cathode delivers a high capacity of 303 mAh g
−1
at 0.1 A g
−1
in a zinc-organic battery. With the increase of current density to 5 A g
−1
, 213 mAh g
−1
capacity is still preserved with stable cycling for 1000 times. Our work proposes an effective approach towards high performance organic electrode materials.
The flexible structural design of organic materials make them promising candidates for cathode in rechargeable batteries. Here, the authors report a tetraamino-p-benzoquinone cathode which realizes facile proton conduction by the Grotthuss-type mechanism and shows excellent electrochemical performance.
Journal Article
Enlightening the taxonomy darkness of human gut microbiomes with a cultured biobank
Background
In gut microbiome studies, the cultured gut microbial resource plays essential roles, such as helping to unravel gut microbial functions and host-microbe interactions. Although several major studies have been performed to elucidate the cultured human gut microbiota, up to 70% of the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome species have not been cultured to date. Large-scale gut microbial isolation and identification as well as availability to the public are imperative for gut microbial studies and further characterizing human gut microbial functions.
Results
In this study, we constructed a human Gut Microbial Biobank (hGMB; homepage:
hgmb.nmdc.cn
) through the cultivation of 10,558 isolates from 31 sample mixtures of 239 fresh fecal samples from healthy Chinese volunteers, and deposited 1170 strains representing 400 different species in culture collections of the International Depository Authority for long-term preservation and public access worldwide. Following the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, 102 new species were characterized and denominated, while 28 new genera and 3 new families were proposed. hGMB represented over 80% of the common and dominant human gut microbial genera and species characterized from global human gut 16S rRNA gene amplicon data (
n
= 11,647) and cultured 24 “most-wanted” and “medium priority” taxa proposed by the Human Microbiome Project. We in total sequenced 115 genomes representing 102 novel taxa and 13 previously known species. Further in silico analysis revealed that the newly sequenced hGMB genomes represented 22 previously uncultured species in the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome (UHGG) and contributed 24 representatives of potentially “dark taxa” that had not been discovered by UHGG. The nonredundant gene catalogs generated from the hGMB genomes covered over 50% of the functionally known genes (KEGG orthologs) in the largest global human gut gene catalogs and approximately 10% of the “most wanted” functionally unknown proteins in the FUnkFams database.
Conclusions
A publicly accessible human Gut Microbial Biobank (hGMB) was established that contained 1170 strains and represents 400 human gut microbial species. hGMB expands the gut microbial resources and genomic repository by adding 102 novel species, 28 new genera, 3 new families, and 115 new genomes of human gut microbes.
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Video abstract
Journal Article
Functional and versatile superhydrophobic coatings via stoichiometric silanization
Superhydrophobic coatings have tremendous potential for applications in different fields and have been achieved commonly by increasing nanoscale roughness and lowering surface tension. Limited by the availability of either ideal nano-structural templates or simple fabrication procedures, the search of superhydrophobic coatings that are easy to manufacture and are robust in real-life applications remains challenging for both academia and industry. Herein, we report an unconventional protocol based on a single-step, stoichiometrically controlled reaction of long-chain organosilanes with water, which creates micro- to nano-scale hierarchical siloxane aggregates dispersible in industrial solvents (as the coating mixture). Excellent superhydrophobicity (ultrahigh water contact angle >170° and ultralow sliding angle <1°) has been attained on solid materials of various compositions and dimensions, by simply dipping into or spraying with the coating mixture. It has been demonstrated that these complete waterproof coatings hold excellent properties in terms of cost, scalability, robustness, and particularly the capability of encapsulating other functional materials (e.g. luminescent dyes).
Artificial superhydrophobic coatings that are simple to prepare and practical to use are sought after. Here, the authors create versatile, complete-waterproof coatings based on a single-step, stoichiometrically controlled reaction of organosilanes with water.
Journal Article
The April 3rd incident : stories
\"Stories previously published in different magazines in Chinese, but never as a collection\" -- Provided by publisher.
Book
Adipose tissue in communication: within and without
Adipose tissue is highly versatile, dynamic and essential for metabolic health. In 2022, several exciting discoveries provided a high-resolution view of cellular composition and cell–cell communication within the adipose niche, and revealed how adipose tissue communicates with other organs and modulates metabolism during normal and pathophysiological states.Key advancesSingle-cell mapping of human and mouse white adipose tissue across different depots and body masses revealed cellular heterogeneity, and identified distinct subpopulations of adipocytes, adipose progenitors and immune cells across species and types of diet2.In obesity, T-bet+ B cells, which express the T helper 1-lineage transcription factor T-bet, accumulated in the adipose tissue of humans and mice, and activated T-bet+ B cells secreted the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL10 to exacerbate obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities5.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by dysfunctional adipose tissue could deliver microRNAs to the brain and cause synaptic damage in the hippocampus and cognitive impairments; targeting adipose tissue-derived EVs or microRNAs prevented cognitive defects in mice7.Cold exposure inhibited tumour growth in mice carrying various xenografted solid tumours, an effect mediated via the activation of brown adipose tissue, leading to decreased circulating levels of glucose and attenuated glycolytic and lipid metabolism in tumours8.SARS-CoV-2 directly infected human adipocytes and altered cell metabolism in a depot-specific and viral lineage-dependent fashion; visceral adipocytes were more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection than subcutaneous adipocytes10.
Journal Article
The seventh day : a novel
Yang Fei was born on a moving train. Lost by his mother, adopted by a young switchman, raised with simplicity and love, he is utterly unprepared for the tempestuous changes that await him and his country. As a young man, he searches for a place to belong in a nation that is ceaselessly reinventing itself, but he remains on the edges of society. At age forty-one, he meets an accidental and unceremonious death. Lacking the money for a burial plot, he must roam the afterworld aimlessly, without rest. Over the course of seven days, he encounters the souls of the people he's lost.
Book
Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial
A vaccine to protect against COVID-19 is urgently needed. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) vectored COVID-19 vaccine expressing the spike glycoprotein of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain.
We did a dose-escalation, single-centre, open-label, non-randomised, phase 1 trial of an Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in Wuhan, China. Healthy adults aged between 18 and 60 years were sequentially enrolled and allocated to one of three dose groups (5 × 1010, 1 × 1011, and 1·5 × 1011 viral particles) to receive an intramuscular injection of vaccine. The primary outcome was adverse events in the 7 days post-vaccination. Safety was assessed over 28 days post-vaccination. Specific antibodies were measured with ELISA, and the neutralising antibody responses induced by vaccination were detected with SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralisation and pseudovirus neutralisation tests. T-cell responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot and flow-cytometry assays. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04313127.
Between March 16 and March 27, 2020, we screened 195 individuals for eligibility. Of them, 108 participants (51% male, 49% female; mean age 36·3 years) were recruited and received the low dose (n=36), middle dose (n=36), or high dose (n=36) of the vaccine. All enrolled participants were included in the analysis. At least one adverse reaction within the first 7 days after the vaccination was reported in 30 (83%) participants in the low dose group, 30 (83%) participants in the middle dose group, and 27 (75%) participants in the high dose group. The most common injection site adverse reaction was pain, which was reported in 58 (54%) vaccine recipients, and the most commonly reported systematic adverse reactions were fever (50 [46%]), fatigue (47 [44%]), headache (42 [39%]), and muscle pain (18 [17%]. Most adverse reactions that were reported in all dose groups were mild or moderate in severity. No serious adverse event was noted within 28 days post-vaccination. ELISA antibodies and neutralising antibodies increased significantly at day 14, and peaked 28 days post-vaccination. Specific T-cell response peaked at day 14 post-vaccination.
The Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine is tolerable and immunogenic at 28 days post-vaccination. Humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 peaked at day 28 post-vaccination in healthy adults, and rapid specific T-cell responses were noted from day 14 post-vaccination. Our findings suggest that the Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine warrants further investigation.
National Key R&D Program of China, National Science and Technology Major Project, and CanSino Biologics.
Journal Article