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Background and Objective: After a stroke, proprioceptive disorders can impair patients’ ability to perceive the speed and direction of movement accurately and promptly, as well as the spatial position of their limbs. This impairment often leads to motor dysfunction, including balance and postural control deficits, which severely affect patients’ activities of daily living (ADLs) and quality of life. Neural plasticity is a key factor influencing poststroke functional recovery. In recent years, neuromodulation techniques targeting the enhancement of neural plasticity have emerged as a major research focus. This study aims to conduct a meta‐analysis of the efficacy of neuromodulation techniques in treating proprioceptive disorders in stroke patients. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies investigating the effects of neuromodulation techniques on proprioceptive impairment in stroke patients. The search spanned from the inception of each database to December 2024. The primary outcome measure was the change in proprioception. Results: In this meta‐analysis, a total of nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. One study compared two different neuromodulation techniques, resulting in the extraction of 10 distinct datasets. Overall, 360 patients were involved in these studies. Specifically, 182 patients in the treatment group received neuromodulation techniques combined with conventional rehabilitation, while 178 patients in the control group received conventional rehabilitation alone. The meta‐analysis revealed no significant difference in the efficacy of neuromodulation techniques combined with conventional rehabilitation compared to conventional rehabilitation alone(standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.221,95% CI = −0.194 to 0.636, p = 0.296). The subgroup analysis based on the stage of the stroke course revealed no significant differences between the two groups(acute stage: SMD = 0.303, 95% CI = −1.300 to 1.905, p = 0.711; subacute stage: SMD = 0.351, 95% CI = −0.200 to 0.903, p = 0.212; chronic phase: SMD = −0.047, 95% CI = −0.634 to 0.539, p = 0.874). Subgroup analysis based on the types of neuromodulation techniques revealed that three specific techniques, electroacupuncture, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), were effective in improving proprioceptive disorders after stroke electroacupuncture group: SMD = −0.504, 95% CI = −1.006 to −0.002, p = 0.049; rTMS group: SMD = 1.207, 95% CI = 0.246–2.168, p = 0.014; tDCS group: SMD = 0.894, 95% CI = 0.323–1.465, p = 0.002). Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was found in the efficacy of neuromodulation techniques for treating proprioceptive disorders after stroke. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the intervention across different stages of stroke. However, subgroup analysis indicated that electroacupuncture, rTMS, and tDCS may be effective in managing proprioceptive disorders poststroke. Therefore, it is recommended to prioritize these techniques in clinical practice.

To analyze the correlation between balance function and gait parameters of patients with basal ganglia infarction. And to observe the influence of balance function on plantar pressure and hemiplegia gait based on the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score. One hundred and forty patients with cerebral infarction hemiplegia in the basal ganglia region (a study group, = 140) and healthy people (a control group, = 140) were enrolled. The study group was evaluated with the BBS, the 10 m walking test (10MWT), and the timed up-and-go test (TUGT). The gait parameters and the peak plantar pressure were measured in both groups while walking, and the differences between the groups were compared. In addition, the characteristics of the plantar pressure curve of the hemiplegic and non-hemiplegic sides during walking and the correlation between the 10MWT, the TUGT, the plantar pressure peak, the gait parameters,and the BBS score were analyzed in the study group. The peak plantar pressure of the forefoot and heel, stride length, lateral symmetry, stand phase, swing phase, and dual stand phase of both sides in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( < 0.05). The BBS score negatively correlated with the 10MWT, the TUGT, the peak plantar pressure of the hemiplegic forefoot, midfoot, and the non-hemiplegic midfoot, the anterior to posterior position (ant/post position), hemiplegic stand phase, and the dual stand phase ( < 0.05). The BBS score positively correlated with the hemiplegic swing phase and stride length ( < 0.05). A correlation was found between the forefoot plantar pressure and the stand phase of the hemiplegic limbs, the ant/post position, and the balance function after basal ganglion cerebral infarction. This association can be used in walking and balance assessment for stroke rehabilitation. Correcting forefoot pressure or the front and ant/post position can improve balance function.

The high-value-added and resourceful reuse of solid waste is regarded as a promising technological approach within the construction industry, playing a vital role in advancing sustainable development and ecological civilization. In this study, VOSviewer and CiteSpace were utilized to systematically perform a bibliometric analysis of research related to the reutilization of solid waste in the construction sector, using data from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases. The analysis focused on publication volume over the last decade, global collaboration networks, thematic journals, keyword co-occurrence, and timeline clustering. The results reveal that: (1) The number of publications related to solid waste in construction has steadily increased over the last decade; (2) Significant research contributions have been observed from China. However, a cohesive core of contributing authors has yet to emerge, and broader, more equitable international collaboration remains necessary; (3) Research foundations span disciplines such as environmental science, materials science, physics, and chemistry, indicating a clear trend of interdisciplinary integration; (4) Current research primarily explores the performance and environmental impacts of concrete and waste-derived materials. Over time, topics have expanded from early explorations to include environmental assessments, waste management, and the circular economy, increasingly advanced technologies to investigate high-performance and diverse material applications. In the future, the energy efficiency and green sustainability of solid waste are expected to draw continued attention, with emerging technologies such as 3D printing and artificial intelligence likely to foster more interdisciplinary research in optimizing material performance.

Objective: To assess the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the gait and postural control ability of patients with executive dysfunction (ED) after stroke. Methods: A total of 18 patients with ED after stroke were randomly assigned into two groups, including an experimental group and a sham group. Patients in both groups received routine rehabilitation therapy, and patients in the experimental group underwent rTMS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for 2 weeks (5 HZ, 80%MT, 1200 pulses). In the sham group, patients experienced sham stimulation treatment, in which the coil was placed vertically with the head. Before and after treatment, patients in both groups were subjected to Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scoring, Fugl–Meyer assessment of lower extremity (L-FMA), Stroop color-word test (SCWT), gait analysis, foot plantar pressure test, 10-m walking test (10MWT), Berg balance scale (BBS), and timed up and go test (TUGT). In the SCWT, it was attempted to record the time of each card (SCWT-T), the correct number (SCWT-C), Stroop interference effect-time (SIE-T), and SIE correct count (SIE-C). The TUGT was categorized into four stages: getting up (GT), walking straight (WT), turning around (TT), and sitting down (ST), in which the total time of TUGT was calculated. Results: After two weeks of treatment, the evaluation indexes were improved in the two groups, some of which were statistically significant. In the experimental group, SCWT-T, SIE-T, SIE-C, GT, WT, TT, ST, and TUGT were significantly improved after treatment (p < 0.05). SCWT-C, L-FMA score, 10MWT, GT, WT, stride length, step width, foot plantar pressure, pressure center curve, and activities of daily living were not statistically different from those before treatment (p > 0.05). After treatment, SCWT-T, SIE-C, SIE-T, BBS score, TT, and ST in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those before treatment, with statistical differences (p < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, SCWT-C, L-FMA score, 10MWT, GT, WT, TUGT, stride length, step width, foot plantar pressure, pressure center curve, and motor skills were not significantly improved (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It was revealed that post-stroke rTMS treatment of patients with ED could improve executive function, improve postural control function, and reduce the risk of falling. In addition, rTMS of DLPFC could be a therapeutic target for improving postural control ability and reducing the risk of falling.

Background Early exercise after stroke promoted angiogenesis and increased microvessles density. However, whether these newly formatted vessels indeed give rise to functional vascular and improve the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in impaired brain region is still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the effect of early exercise on angiogenesis and CBF in ischemic region. Methods Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)and randomly divided into early exercise and non-exercised control group 24 h later. Two weeks later, CBF in ischemic region was determined by laser speckle flowmetry(LSF). Meantime, micro vessels density, the expression of tie-2, total Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and infarct volume were detected with immunohistochemistry, 2,3,5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and western blotting respectively. The function was evaluated by seven point’s method. Results Our results showed that CBF, vessel density and expression of Tie-2, p-Akt in ischemic region were higher in early exercise group compared with those in non-exercise group. Consistent with these results, rats in early exercise group had a significantly reduced infarct volume and better functional outcomes than those in non-exercise group. Conclusions Our results indicated that early exercise after MCAO improved the CBF in ischemic region, reduced infarct volume and promoted the functional outcomes, the underlying mechanism was correlated with angiogenesis in the ischemic cortex.

The influence of Cd-rich annealing at temperatures of 440–900 °C on the defect properties of Te-rich CdZnTe materials was studied. Cd-rich annealing at temperatures above the melting point of Te was confirmed to effectively reduce the size of Te-rich inclusions in the materials. However, dislocation multiplication occurred in the regions near Te-rich inclusions. Etch pit clusters were observed on the surfaces of annealed materials etched with Everson etchant. The etch pit clusters were much larger than the as-grown Te-rich inclusions. The dependence of the cluster size on that of the Te-rich inclusions and the annealing conditions was investigated. The density of etch pits in the normal region increased when the annealing temperature exceeded 750 °C. The mechanisms of the evolution of the Te-rich inclusions and the formation of new defects during the Cd-rich annealing are discussed.

Inner compass (IC) is a schema composed of values, interests and goals that can guide the individual to make life choices that are congruent with their authentic self and basic needs. Past research has shown that having an IC predicts adolescents’ optimal functioning, contributing to positive outcomes such as identity formation, resilience against negative peer influences, and well-being. The current research explored the role of parents on Chinese adolescents’ having an IC. Specifically, we hypothesized that children were more likely to have an IC if their parents (1) demonstrated inherent values (IVD) in their behavior to children, (2) supported an open exploration and examination of values (SVE) in children, and (3) fostered an inner valuing (FIV) in their children based on authentic values and interests, especially when confronted with difficult situations and social pressure. We also hypothesized that attachment avoidance may attenuate the parenting effects, especially for FIV and SVE, which are more direct parental influences. Results supported our hypothesis, showing significant positive effects of all three parenting styles on having an IC, and that these effects were weaker when children have high attachment avoidance with parents. The current research contributes to the integration of attachment theory and self-determination theory.

Background This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of glibenclamide treatment in patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Methods The randomized controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2023 at two university-affiliated hospitals in Beijing, China. The study included patients with aSAH within 48 h of onset, of whom were divided into the intervention group and the control group according to the random number table method. Patients in the intervention group received glibenclamide tablet 3.75 mg/day for 7 days. The primary end points were the levels of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and soluble protein 100B (S100B) between the two groups. Secondary end points included evaluating changes in the midline shift and the gray matter–white matter ratio, as well as assessing the modified Rankin Scale scores during follow-up. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT05137678). Results A total of 111 study participants completed the study. The median age was 55 years, and 52% were women. The mean admission Glasgow Coma Scale was 10, and 58% of the Hunt-Hess grades were no less than grade III. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. On days 3 and 7, there were no statistically significant differences observed in serum NSE and S100B levels between the two groups ( P  > 0.05). The computer tomography (CT) values of gray matter and white matter in the basal ganglia were low on admission, indicating early brain edema. However, there were no significant differences found in midline shift and gray matter–white matter ratio ( P  > 0.05) between the two groups. More than half of the patients had a beneficial outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores 0–2), and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The incidence of hypoglycemia in the two groups were 4% and 9%, respectively ( P  = 0.439). Conclusions Treating patients with early aSAH with oral glibenclamide did not decrease levels of serum NSE and S100B and did not improve the poor 90-day neurological outcome. In the intervention group, there was a visible decreasing trend in cases of delayed cerebral ischemia, but no statistically significant difference was observed. The incidence of hypoglycemia did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Objective. The purpose of the study was to observe the effects of executive dysfunction (ED) on gait and postural control during walking after stroke. Methods. In this study, 34 subjects with stroke and ED (8 women and 26 men; age, 55.41 ± 7.89 years; time since stroke onset, 1.3 ± 0.12 months) were recruited. Stroop color-word test (SCWT), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), timed-up-and-go test (TUGT), and gait analysis were evaluated. The correlation among the correct number of Stroop tasks (SCWT-C), the number of time-consuming tasks (SCWT-T), the amount of interference (SIE-M and SIE-T) and posture control, and gait-related parameters was analyzed. Results. The results indicated that SCWT-C was negatively correlated with 10MWT, TUGT, and bilateral symmetry (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between SCWT-C and stride (P > 0.05). A significant negative correlation was seen between SCWT-C and bilateral symmetry (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between SCWT-T and stride (P > 0.05). SCWT-T was positively correlated with TUGT, 10MWT, and bilateral symmetry (P < 0.05). SIE-T was positively correlated with TUGT and bilateral symmetry (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between SIE-T and 10MWT or stride (P > 0.05). SIE-M was positively correlated with TUGT and bilateral symmetry (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between SIE-T and 10MWT or stride (P > 0.05). Conclusions. ED is closely related to the decline in postural control and the occurrence of falls. In the early phases of stroke rehabilitation, physiotherapists should focus on the patients’ executive function to accelerate the recovery of postural control.