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"Yu, Jia"
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الثقافة الصينية التقليدية والقيم الصينية المعاصرة /
تطرح الصين القيم الجوهرية للثقافة الصينية التقليدية، المتمثلة في : الازدهار والقوة، والديمقراطية، والتحضر، والتناغم والانسجام، والحرية، والمساواة، والعدالة، وسيادة القانون، وحب الوطن، والتفاني والإخلاص في العمل، والصدق والوفاء، والمودة. ومن بين هذه المصطلحات الاثني عشر، يعد الازدهار والقوة والديمقراطية والتحضر والتناغم والانسجام، فيما على مستوى الدولة، كما تعد الحرية والمساواة والعدالة وسيادة القانون، قيما على مستوى المجتمع، بينما يعد حب الوطن والتفاني في العمل والصدق والوفاء والمودة، قيما على مستوى الفرد. يقدم هذا الكتاب شرحا وافيا لهذه المصطلحات التي تمثل الروح الثقافية للأمة الصينية وهي أيضا القيم الجوهرية التي تجسد روح العصر الحديث، حيث تحوي هذه المصطلحات روح الماضي ومساعي الحاضر والتطلع للمستقبل، كما تحمل في طياتها التوارث التاريخي والقراءة العصرية والإرشاد التنموي.
Book
The hornwort genome and early land plant evolution
Hornworts, liverworts and mosses are three early diverging clades of land plants, and together comprise the bryophytes. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the hornwort
Anthoceros angustus
. Phylogenomic inferences confirm the monophyly of bryophytes, with hornworts sister to liverworts and mosses. The simple morphology of hornworts correlates with low genetic redundancy in plant body plan, while the basic transcriptional regulation toolkit for plant development has already been established in this early land plant lineage. Although the
Anthoceros
genome is small and characterized by minimal redundancy, expansions are observed in gene families related to RNA editing, UV protection and desiccation tolerance. The genome of
A. angustus
bears the signatures of horizontally transferred genes from bacteria and fungi, in particular of genes operating in stress-response and metabolic pathways. Our study provides insight into the unique features of hornworts and their molecular adaptations to live on land.
A draft genome sequence of the hornwort
Anthoceros augustus
confirms the phylogenetic relationships among the three clades of bryophytes and provides insight into the unique characteristics of hornworts and their adaptations to live on land.
Journal Article
الثقافة الصينية التقليدية والقيم الصينية المعاصرة
تطرح الصين القيم الجوهرية للثقافة الصينية التقليدية، المتمثلة في : الازدهار والقوة، والديمقراطية، والتحضر، والتناغم والانسجام، والحرية، والمساواة، والعدالة، وسيادة القانون، وحب الوطن، والتفاني والإخلاص في العمل، والصدق والوفاء، والمودة. ومن بين هذه المصطلحات الاثني عشر، يعد الازدهار والقوة والديمقراطية والتحضر والتناغم والانسجام، فيما على مستوى الدولة، كما تعد الحرية والمساواة والعدالة وسيادة القانون، قيما على مستوى المجتمع، بينما يعد حب الوطن والتفاني في العمل والصدق والوفاء والمودة، قيما على مستوى الفرد. يقدم هذا الكتاب شرحا وافيا لهذه المصطلحات التي تمثل الروح الثقافية للأمة الصينية وهي أيضا القيم الجوهرية التي تجسد روح العصر الحديث، حيث تحوي هذه المصطلحات روح الماضي ومساعي الحاضر والتطلع للمستقبل، كما تحمل في طياتها التوارث التاريخي والقراءة العصرية والإرشاد التنموي.
Book
The role of mNGS in the diagnosis of talaromycosis and case series
Background
Talaromycosis is a rare fungal infection characterized by non-specific clinical features, often resulting in misdiagnosis. This study aimed to analyze four classic cases of
Talaromyces marneffei
infection diagnosed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to improve understanding of its diagnosis and treatment.
Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed cases of
T. marneffei
identified through mNGS at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Four confirmed cases of talaromycosis were selected based on clinical diagnoses, supplemented by a review of relevant literature. We reviewed and compared the clinical features, laboratory indicators, treatment regimens, and outcomes of these cases, which exhibited varied characteristics.
Results
Among the four patients, two were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive, and two were HIV-negative. All the participants presented with fever and varying respiratory symptoms, with distinct clinical characteristics aiding diagnosis. Three cases exhibited significant pulmonary infection lesions. Both HIV-positive patients showed
T. marneffei
bloodstream dissemination and suffered mixed infection with virus. Within them, one case was positive in blood culture, blood mNGS and sputum culture. Another case was positive in blood and bone marrow cultures, brain tissue culture and mNGS. They were both treated with voriconazole and improved. Both HIV-negative patients were
T. marneffei
positive for BALF mNGS, and only one of them was positive for BALF culture. One of them was mix infected by fungi, bacteria,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and virus, improved by voriconzole and followed by introconaole. The other case was cured by introconazole.
Conclusions
Traditional diagnostic methods are limited by factors such as the long time and low sensitivity of fungal culture, the effect of prior antibiotic treatment, the invasiveness and complexities of tissue biopsies, and so on. Emerging technologies, particularly mNGS, offer advantages such as rapid processing, high accuracy, and comprehensive pathogen coverage, significantly reducing the risk of missed diagnoses and facilitating timely intervention.
Journal Article
Cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the amygdalar cholecystokinin glutamatergic afferents to nucleus accumbens modulate depressive-like behavior
Major depressive disorder is a devastating psychiatric disease that afflicts up to 17% of the world’s population. Postmortem brain analyses and imaging studies of patients with depression have implicated basal lateral amygdala (BLA) dysfunction in the pathophysiology of depression. However, the circuit and molecular mechanisms through which BLA neurons modulate depressive behavior are largely uncharacterized. Here, in mice, we identified that BLA cholecystokinin (CCK) glutamatergic neurons mediated negative reinforcement via D2 medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and that chronic social defeat selectively potentiated excitatory transmission of the CCK
BLA
–D2
NAc
circuit in susceptible mice via reduction of presynaptic cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB
1
R). Knockdown of CB
1
R in the CCK
BLA
–D2
NAc
circuit elevated synaptic activity and promoted stress susceptibility. Notably, selective inhibition of the CCK
BLA
–D2
NAc
circuit or administration of synthetic cannabinoids in the NAc was sufficient to produce antidepressant-like effects. Overall, our studies reveal the circuit and molecular mechanisms of depression.
Activating cannabinoid receptors in a newly identified neural circuit ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in mice.
Journal Article
Mechanisms of Hydride Nucleation, Growth, Reorientation, and Embrittlement in Zirconium: A Review
Zirconium (Zr) hydrides threaten the reliability of fuel assembly and have repeatedly induced failures in cladding tubes and pressure vessels. Thus, they attract a broad range of research interests. For example, delayed hydride cracking induced a severe fracture and failure in a Zircaloy-2 pressure tube in 1983, causing the emergency shutdown of the Pickering nuclear reactor. Hydride has high hardness and very low toughness, and it tends to aggregate toward cooler or tensile regions, which initiates localized hydride precipitation and results in delayed hydride cracking. Notably, hydride reorientation under tensile stress substantially decreases the fracture toughness and increases the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of Zr alloys, which reduces the safety of the long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel. Therefore, improving our knowledge of Zr hydrides is useful for effectively controlling hydride embrittlement in fuel assembly. The aim of this review is to reorganize the mechanisms of hydride nucleation and growth behaviors, hydride reorientation under external stress, and hydride-induced embrittlement. We revisit important examples of progress of research in this field and emphasize the key future aspects of research on Zr hydrides.
Journal Article