Explore the vast range of titles available.

Here we define and report the relationship between the maximum seismic magnitude ( M ) and injection volume ( ΔV ) through fluid-injection fault-reactivation experiments and analysis. This relationship incorporates the in situ shear modulus ( G ) and fault pre-stress as a fraction of the strength drop ( c ), expressed as M  =  c/(1-c) GΔV . Injection response defines a sigmoidal relation in M − Δ V space with unit gradient limbs linked by an intermediate up-step. Both laboratory observations and analysis for a rigid fault with slip limited to the zone of pressurization show trajectories of cumulative M − Δ V that evolve at a gradient of unity, are offset in order of increasing pre-stress and are capable of step changes in moment with shear reactivation at elevated critical-stresses – key features apparent in field observations. The model and confirmatory laboratory observations explain the occurrence of some triggered earthquakes at EGS sites significantly larger than expected relative to injection volumes and based on previous models. Through fluid-injection fault-reactivation experiments and analysis, the authors here define and report the relationship between the maximum seismic magnitude and injection volume for fluid-injection triggered earthquakes.

Drug resistance is vital for the poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Given the unique microenvironment of bone marrow, we reasoned that drug resistance of AML might rely on distinct metabolic processes. Here, we identify succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) deficiency and over-cumulative succinate as typical features in AML, with a marked function in causing the resistance of AML cells to various anti-cancer therapies. Mechanistically, succinate promotes the accumulation of oncogenic proteins in a manner that precedes transcriptional activation. This function is mediated by succinate-triggered upregulation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2M (UBC12) phosphorylation, which impairs its E2 function in cullins neddylation. Notably, decreasing succinate by fludarabine can restore the sensitivity of anti-cancer drugs in SDH-deficient AML. Together, we uncover the function of succinate in driving drug resistance by regulating p-UBC12/cullin activity, and indicate reshaping succinate metabolism as a promising treatment for SDH-deficient AML. The underlying mechanisms for drug resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are not completely understood. Here, the authors show that succinate accumulation, associated with succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, impairs the activity of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC12 leading to tumor-promoting protein accumulation and drug resistance in AML.

We link changes in crustal permeability to informative features of microearthquakes (MEQs) using two field hydraulic stimulation experiments where both MEQs and permeability evolution are recorded simultaneously. The Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model effectively predicts permeability evolution and ultimate permeability increase. Our findings confirm the form of key features linking the MEQs to permeability, offering mechanistically consistent interpretations of this association. Transfer learning correctly predicts permeability evolution of one experiment from a model trained on an alternate dataset and locale, which further reinforces the innate interdependency of permeability-to-seismicity. Models representing permeability evolution on reactivated fractures in both shear and tension suggest scaling relationships in which changes in permeability ( Δ k ) are linearly related to the seismic moment ( M ) of individual MEQs as Δ k ∝ M . This scaling relation rationalizes our observation of the permeability-to-seismicity linkage, contributes to its predictive robustness and accentuates its potential in characterizing crustal permeability evolution using MEQs. Crustal permeability evolution predicted from observed MEQs using Bi-LSTM models. MEQ-to-permeability relations confirmed across multiple field data sets using transfer learning with scaling relationships confirmed using physics-based models.

Amid escalating climate and ecological pressures, green and efficient farming hinges on fast, accurate recognition of rice diseases and pests. Field imagery, however, often contains tiny lesions, motion blur, and cluttered backgrounds, which challenge lightweight models intended for edge deployment. We present an enhanced MobileNet-V2 that integrates a lightweight Super-Resolution (SR) front-end, an Adaptive Selective Attention Module (ASAM), and a Cross-Level Feature Fusion Module (CLFFM). SR restores fine textures in low-quality inputs; ASAM combines channel and spatial cues at multiple depths to highlight discriminative regions; CLFFM fuses shallow details with deep semantics to strengthen small-object perception under clutter. Experiments on a mixed dataset of public and in-field rice images show that our model achieves 94.3% accuracy and a 0.938 F1-score, surpassing mainstream Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) baselines while remaining compact (9.7 MB) and fast (11.2 ms/image). The resulting accuracy–efficiency balance supports real-time, on-device diagnosis, reducing pesticide reliance and environmental burden and providing practical support for sustainable agriculture.

Pectin is a kind of natural and complex carbohydrates which is extensively used in food, chemical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Fresh sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) heads were utilized as a novel source of pectin extracted by ammonium oxalate. The conditions of the extraction process were optimized implementing the response surface methodology. Under optimal extraction parameters (extraction time 1.34 h, liquid–solid ratio 15:1 mL/g, ammonium oxalate concentration 0.76% (w/v)), the maximum experimental yield was 7.36%. The effect of spray-drying and freeze-drying on the physiochemical properties, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities was investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, high performance size exclusion chromatography, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed freeze-drying lead to decrease in galacturonic acid (GalA) content (76.2%), molecular weight ( M w 316 kDa), and crystallinity. The antioxidant activities of pectin were investigated utilizing the in-vitro DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging systems. This study provided a novel and efficient extraction method of sunflower pectin, and confirmed that different drying processes had an effect on the structure and properties of pectin.

This study investigated the protective effect of water-soluble propolis (WSP) on colonic tissues in ulcerative colitis (UC) and the role of the protein kinase C ‐ transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 ‐ calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P (PKC-TRPV1-CGRP/SP) signaling pathway. Male SD rats were divided into a control group, a UC model group, various WSP groups (Low-WSP, Medium-WSP, and High-WSP) with UC, and a salazosulfapyridine (SASP) positive control group with UC. After UC was established, the WSP and SASP groups were treated with WSP or SASP, respectively, for 7 d. Each day, body weight measurements were obtained, and the disease activity index (DAI) was recorded by observing fecal characteristics and blood in the stool. After the experiment, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) colonic tissue staining was performed to observe pathological changes, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect PKC, TRPV1, CGRP, and SP expression in colonic tissues, and laser confocal microscopy was performed to observe the fluorescence colocalization of PKC/TRPV1, TRPV1/CGRP, and TRPV1/SP. HE staining showed significant colonic tissue structure disruption and inflammatory infiltration in the UC group. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of PKC, TRPV1, CGRP, and SP in the colonic tissues of the UC group increased significantly compared with that of the control group. Compared with the UC group, the expression of PKC, TRPV1, CGRP, and SP in colonic tissues was significantly reduced in the High-WSP, Medium-WSP, and SASP groups. Immunofluorescence showed the colocalized expression of PKC/TRPV1, TRPV1/CGRP, and TRPV1/SP proteins in the colon tissue of the UC group was significantly reduced after WSP and SASP interventions compared with that of the control group. The results suggest that the mechanism of UC alleviation by propolis may inhibit the PKC-TRPV1-CGRP/SP signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory mediators, thus alleviating inflammation.

Iron is a trace element necessary for cell growth, development, and cellular homeostasis, but insufficient or excessive level of iron is toxic. Intracellularly, sufficient amounts of iron are required for mitochondria (the center of iron utilization) to maintain their normal physiologic function. Iron deficiency impairs mitochondrial metabolism and respiratory activity, while mitochondrial iron overload promotes ROS production during mitochondrial electron transport, thus promoting potential disease development. This review provides an overview of iron homeostasis, mitochondrial iron metabolism, and how mitochondrial iron imbalances-induced mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to diseases.

The growing demand for high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries has stimulated extensive interest in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) systems, but their practical application remains severely hindered by sluggish sulfur redox kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, an anion S‐doping strategy is presented to synthesize carbon‐supported cobalt diselenide (CoSe2−xSx) electrocatalysts using ZIF‐67 as the precursor via a one‐step pyrolysis process. Experimental results and characterization analysis reveal that the S incorporation into CoSe2 not only enhances structure stability, but also modulates the electronic structure of electrocatalytic sites by increasing the proportion of high‐valence cobalt species, thereby strengthening the chemical anchoring of LiPSs and accelerating their redox conversion kinetics. As a result, the optimized CoSeS exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance, where the CoSeS/S cathode delivers a high specific capacity of 1169 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 75.6% of its capacity after 500 cycles at 1 C, with a capacity decay of only 0.05% per cycle. Even at a high sulfur loading of 5.81 mg cm−2, it still achieves a reversible areal capacity of 4.7 mAh cm−2 after 60 cycles at 0.2 C. This work provides an effective anion‐doping means to tailor the structure and electrocatalytic activity of host materials for Li–S batteries. This work presents an anion‐doping strategy to regulate the structure and electronic properties of CoSe2 electrocatalysts through partial substitution of Se by S species. The optimized CoSeS electrocatalyst exhibits enhanced LiPSs adsorption and accelerated redox conversion for high‐performance Li–S batteries.

To evaluate the prognostic value of TP53 mutations in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and gene sequencing results of 253 newly diagnosed DLBCL. Survival and correlation analyses were performed. We further revealed significant prognostic heterogeneity among different TP53 hotspot mutations, with mutations at codons G245, R175, R273, and R282 indicating a poorer prognosis. Within the DBD, mutations in exons 5, 7, and 8 were associated with poorer PFS, while mutations in exons 5, 6, and 8 were linked to poorer OS. Additionally, mutations in the Loop-L2, Loop-L3, and LSH motifs within the DBD were all significantly associated with unfavorable PFS and OS. Notably, in the cohort treated with R-CHOP plus novel agents (R-CHOP + X), there were no significant differences in response rates or survival between TP53- mutated and TP53 wild-type patients, suggesting this combination may overcome the adverse prognosis associated with TP53 mutations. TP53 mutation is a crucial adverse prognostic factor in DLBCL. Given the significant prognostic heterogeneity among different TP53 hotspot mutations, a more refined risk stratification based on the TP53 mutational profile is warranted in clinical practice. For patients with high-risk mutations, combining R-CHOP with targeted therapies and exploring novel combination strategies targeting specific pathways are recommended. In contrast, standard R-CHOP may remain an appropriate option for patients with low-risk mutations. Future prospective trials are needed to validate the efficacy of R-CHOP combined with targeted agents in TP53- mutated DLBCL to optimize treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. Key Points TP53 mutations occur in approximately one-third of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Missense mutations in the DNA-binding domain are the most common type of TP53 alterations. Specific hotspot mutations (R273, R248, R175) are associated with inferior prognosis. TP53 mutation status provides independent prognostic information beyond the International Prognostic Index. Combined analysis of TP53 mutation and protein expression improves risk stratification.

Biocompatible polymers are widely used in tissue engineering and biomedical device applications. However, few biomaterials are suitable for use as long-term implants and these examples usually possess limited property scope, can be difficult to process, and are non-responsive to external stimuli. Here, we report a class of easily processable polyamides with stereocontrolled mechanical properties and high-fidelity shape memory behaviour. We synthesise these materials using the efficient nucleophilic thiol-yne reaction between a dipropiolamide and dithiol to yield an α,β − unsaturated carbonyl moiety along the polymer backbone. By rationally exploiting reaction conditions, the alkene stereochemistry is modulated between 35–82% cis content and the stereochemistry dictates the bulk material properties such as tensile strength, modulus, and glass transition. Further access to materials possessing a broader range of thermal and mechanical properties is accomplished by polymerising a variety of commercially available dithiols with the dipropiolamide monomer. Few biomaterials are suitable for long-term tissue engineering applications and these examples usually possess limited property scope, can be difficult to process, and are non-responsive to external stimuli. Here, the authors overcome these issues by developing a class of easily processable polyamides with stereo-controlled mechanical properties and high-fidelity shape memory behaviour.