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"Yu, Kai"
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Super Sub-Nyquist Single-Pixel Imaging by Means of Cake-Cutting Hadamard Basis Sort
Single-pixel imaging via compressed sensing can reconstruct high-quality images from a few linear random measurements of an object known a priori to be sparse or compressive, by using a point/bucket detector without spatial resolution. Nevertheless, random measurements still have blindness, limiting the sampling ratios and leading to a harsh trade-off between the acquisition time and the spatial resolution. Here, we present a new compressive imaging approach by using a strategy we call cake-cutting, which can optimally reorder the deterministic Hadamard basis. The proposed method is capable of recovering images of large pixel-size with dramatically reduced sampling ratios, realizing super sub-Nyquist sampling and significantly decreasing the acquisition time. Furthermore, such kind of sorting strategy can be easily combined with the structured characteristic of the Hadamard matrix to accelerate the computational process and to simultaneously reduce the memory consumption of the matrix storage. With the help of differential modulation/measurement technology, we demonstrate this method with a single-photon single-pixel camera under the ulta-weak light condition and retrieve clear images through partially obscuring scenes. Thus, this method complements the present single-pixel imaging approaches and can be applied to many fields.
Journal Article
The Transformative Power of Generative Artificial Intelligence for Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of Quality Education
This study explored the transformative potential of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal on Quality Education (SDG4), emphasizing its interconnectedness with the other SDGs. A proprietary algorithm and cocitation network analysis were used to identify and analyze the network of SDG features in GAI research publications (n = 1501). By examining GAI’s implications for ten SDG4 targets, the findings advocate for a collaborative, ethical approach to integrating GAI, emphasizing policy and practice developments that ensure that technological advancements align with the overarching goals of SDG4. The results highlight the multifaceted impact of GAI on the SDGs. First, this paper outlines a framework that leverages GAI to enhance educational equity, quality, and lifelong learning opportunities. By highlighting the synergy between GAI and the SDGs, such as reducing inequalities (SDG10) and promoting gender equality (SDG5), this study underscores the need for an integrated approach to utilizing GAI. Moreover, it advocates for personalized learning, equitable technology access, adherence to ethical AI principles, and fostering global citizenship, proposing a strategic alignment of GAI applications with the broader SDG agenda. Next, the results highlight that GAI introduces significant challenges, including ethical concerns, data privacy, and the risk of exacerbating the digital divide. Overall, our findings underscore the critical role of policy reforms and innovative practices in navigating the challenges and harnessing the opportunities presented by GAI in education, thereby contributing to a comprehensive discourse on technology’s role in advancing global education and sustainable development.
Journal Article
miR-19a/b-3p promotes inflammation during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via SIRT1/FoxO3/SPHK1 pathway
Background
Stroke affects 3–4% of adults and kills numerous people each year. Recovering blood flow with minimal reperfusion-induced injury is crucial. However, the mechanisms underlying reperfusion-induced injury, particularly inflammation, are not well understood. Here, we investigated the function of miR-19a/b-3p/SIRT1/FoxO3/SPHK1 axis in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).
Methods
MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion) reperfusion rat model was used as the in vivo model of I/R. Cultured neuronal cells subjected to OGD/R (oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion) were used as the in vitro model of I/R. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability and TUNEL staining was used to measure cell apoptosis. H&E staining was employed to examine cell morphology. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to determine levels of miR-19a/b-3p, SIRT1, FoxO3, SPHK1, NF-κB p65, and cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. EMSA and ChIP were performed to validate the interaction of FoxO3 with
SPHK1
promoter. Dual luciferase assay and RIP were used to verify the binding of miR-19a/b-3p with SIRT1 mRNA.
Results
miR-19a/b-3p, FoxO3, SPHK1, NF-κB p65, and cytokines were elevated while SIRT1 was reduced in brain tissues following MCAO/reperfusion or in cells upon OGD/R. Knockdown of SPHK1 or FoxO3 suppressed I/R-induced inflammation and cell death. Furthermore, knockdown of FoxO3 reversed the effects of SIRT1 knockdown. Inhibition of the miR-19a/b-3p suppressed inflammation and this suppression was blocked by SIRT1 knockdown. FoxO3 bound SPHK1 promoter and activated its transcription. miR-19a/b-3p directly targeted SIRT1 mRNA.
Conclusion
miR-19a/b-3p promotes inflammatory responses during I/R via targeting SIRT1/FoxO3/SPHK1 axis.
Journal Article
Tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density is a postoperative prognostic biomarker of hepatobiliary cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This study aimed to investigate whether tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density (LVD) could predict the survival of patients with hepato-biliary-pancreatic (HBP) cancers after radical resection.
A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception to July 31, 2024 for literature that reported the role of LVD in overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with HBP cancers after radical resection.
Ten studies with 761 patients were included for the meta-analysis. The results indicated that a higher level of LVD was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio, HR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.63 to 5.04) and worse RFS (HR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.41 to 7.17) in HBP cancers. Subgroup analysis based on pathological types revealed that a higher level of LVD was significantly related to worse OS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.78), cholangiocarcinoma (HR = 4.65, 95% CI 1.70 to 12.70), and gallbladder cancer patients (HR = 4.64, 95% CI 1.37 to 15.71). The levels of LVD were not significantly associated with OS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients after radical resection (HR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.89). Similarly, a higher level of LVD was significantly associated with worse RFS in HCC (HR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.65) and cholangiocarcinoma patients (HR = 4.54, 95% CI 2.10 to 9.83).
A higher level of LVD was a biomarker for the prediction of worse OS and RFS in patients with hepatobiliary cancers after radical resection.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024571167.
Journal Article
Experimental demonstration of memory-enhanced scaling for entanglement connection of quantum repeater segments
The quantum repeater protocol is a promising approach for implementing long-distance quantum communication and large-scale quantum networks. A key idea of the quantum repeater protocol is to use long-lived quantum memories to achieve an efficient entanglement connection between different repeater segments, with polynomial scaling. Here, we report an experiment that realizes the efficient connection of two quantum repeater segments via on-demand entanglement swapping through the use of two atomic quantum memories with storage times of tens of milliseconds. With the memory enhancement, acceleration in the scaling is demonstrated in the rate for a successful entanglement connection. Experimental realization of the entanglement connection of two quantum repeater segments with an efficient memory-enhanced scaling demonstrates a key advantage of the quantum repeater protocol, creating a cornerstone for the development of future large-scale quantum networks.Two quantum repeater segments are connected via on-demand entanglement swapping by using two atomic quantum memories. The efficiency improves from a quadratic scaling to a linear one with the preparation efficiency of the atom–photon entanglement.
Journal Article
Do Electronic Health Records Affect Quality of Care? Evidence from the HITECH Act
The 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act is landmark legislation that places electronic health record (EHR) technologies at the center of health system reform in the United States. This study leverages the meaningful use (MU) provisions of the HITECH Act to quantify different degrees of EHR use in a large and heterogeneous set of hospitals and investigates the impact of EHR use on quality of care. The results provide evidence of EHRs’ positive quality effects and reconcile earlier mixed findings in the EHR evaluation literature by showing that their benefits vary according to different levels of use and hospital characteristics. The effect sizes were larger in disadvantaged (i.e., small and rural) hospitals, suggesting the potential of EHRs in mitigating the disparities in the quality of healthcare.
The 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act is landmark legislation that places electronic health record (EHR) technologies at the center of health system reform in the United States. However, despite their promises, studies in the EHR evaluation literature have found mixed evidence of EHRs’ quality benefits. In contrast to existing research that has focused on EHR investments or adoption, we propose that its actual use should be the focus in evaluating the advantages of EHRs. We leveraged the meaningful use (MU) provisions of the HITECH Act to quantify different degrees of EHR use in a large and heterogeneous set of hospitals. The results provided evidence of EHRs’ positive effects on quality of care and reconciled earlier mixed findings by showing that their benefits vary according to different levels of use and hospital characteristics. Specifically, we found that, although adopting EHRs had no significant quality impact, attaining MU of EHRs yielded a significant 0.19–0.43 percentage point increase in process quality of care, which further translates into significant societal benefits. The effect sizes were larger in disadvantaged (i.e., small and rural) hospitals, suggesting the potential of EHRs in mitigating the disparities in the quality of healthcare. This study contributes to this ongoing discussion and the literature on EHR evaluations and use of information systems. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
The online appendices are available at
https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2018.0813
.
Journal Article
Effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive and academic performance in children and adolescents: a novel combination of a systematic review and recommendations from an expert panel
ObjectiveTo summarise the current evidence on the effects of physical activity (PA) interventions on cognitive and academic performance in children, and formulate research priorities and recommendations.DesignSystematic review (following PRISMA guidelines) with a methodological quality assessment and an international expert panel. We based the evaluation of the consistency of the scientific evidence on the findings reported in studies rated as of high methodological quality.Data sourcesPubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, ERIC, and SPORTDiscus.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesPA-intervention studies in children with at least one cognitive or academic performance assessment.ResultsEleven (19%) of 58 included intervention studies received a high-quality rating for methodological quality: four assessed effects of PA interventions on cognitive performance, six assessed effects on academic performance, and one on both. All high-quality studies contrasted the effects of additional/adapted PA activities with regular curriculum activities. For cognitive performance 10 of 21 (48%) constructs analysed showed statistically significant beneficial intervention effects of PA, while for academic performance, 15 of 25 (60%) analyses found a significant beneficial effect of PA. Across all five studies assessing PA effects on mathematics, beneficial effects were reported in six out of seven (86%) outcomes. Experts put forward 46 research questions. The most pressing research priority cluster concerned the causality of the relationship between PA and cognitive/academic performance. The remaining clusters pertained to PA characteristics, moderators and mechanisms governing the ‘PA–performance’ relationship and miscellaneous topics.ConclusionThere is currently inconclusive evidence for the beneficial effects of PA interventions on cognitive and overall academic performance in children. We conclude that there is strong evidence for beneficial effects of PA on maths performance.The expert panel confirmed that more ‘high-quality’ research is warranted. By prioritising the most important research questions and formulating recommendations we aim to guide researchers in generating high-quality evidence. Our recommendations focus on adequate control groups and sample size, the use of valid and reliable measurement instruments for physical activity and cognitive performance, measurement of compliance and data analysis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017082505.
Journal Article