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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by frequent relapses, requiring long-term management and consuming substantial medical and social resources. Effective management of UC remains challenging due to the need for sustainable remission strategies, continuity of care, and access to medical services. Intelligent diagnosis refers to the use of artificial intelligence-driven algorithms to analyze patient-reported symptoms, generate diagnostic probabilities, and provide treatment recommendations through interactive tools. This approach could potentially function as a method for UC management. This study aimed to analyze the diagnosis and treatment data of UC from both physical hospitals and internet hospitals, highlighting the potential benefits of the intelligent diagnosis and treatment service model offered by internet hospitals. We collected data on the visits of patients with UC to the Department of Gastroenterology at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. A total of 852 patients with UC were included between July 1, 2020, and June 31, 2023. Statistical methods, including chi-square tests for categorical variables, t tests for continuous variables, and rank-sum tests for visit numbers, were used to evaluate the medical preferences and expenses of patients with UC. We found that internet hospitals and physical hospitals presented different medical service models due to the different distribution of medical needs and patient groups. Patients who chose internet hospitals focused on disease consultation and prescription medication (3295/3528, 93.40%). Patients' medical preferences gradually shifted to web-based services provided by internet hospitals. Over time, 58.57% (270/461) of patients chose either web-based services or a combination of web-based and offline services for UC diagnosis and treatment. The number of visits in the combination of web-based and offline service modes was the highest (mean 13.83, SD 11.07), and younger patients were inclined to visit internet hospitals (49.66%>34.71%). In addition, compared with physical hospitals, there was no difference in testing fees and examination fees for patients with UC in internet hospitals, but medicine fees were lower. The intelligent diagnosis and treatment model provided by internet hospitals demonstrates the potential benefits in managing UC, including feasibility, accessibility, convenience, and economics.

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been increasingly attempted in assisting clinicians for real-time treatment of sepsis. While a value function quantifies the performance of policies in such decision-making processes, most value-based DRL algorithms cannot evaluate the target value function precisely and are not as safe as clinical experts. In this study, we propose a Weighted Dueling Double Deep Q-Network with embedded human Expertise (WD3QNE). A target Q value function with adaptive dynamic weight is designed to improve the estimate accuracy and human expertise in decision-making is leveraged. In addition, the random forest algorithm is employed for feature selection to improve model interpretability. We test our algorithm against state-of-the-art value function methods in terms of expected return, survival rate, action distribution and external validation. The results demonstrate that WD3QNE obtains the highest survival rate of 97.81% in MIMIC-III dataset. Our proposed method is capable of providing reliable treatment decisions with embedded clinician expertise.

For manoeuvring surface target tracking in the presence of glint noise, Huber-based Kalman filters have been widely regarded as effective. However, when the proportion of outlier measurements is high, their numerical stability and estimation accuracy can deteriorate significantly. To address this issue, we propose a Robust Cubature Kalman Filter with the Current Statistical (RCKF_CS) model. Inspired by the Huber equivalent weight function, an adaptive factor incorporating a penalty strategy based on a smoothing approximation function is introduced to suppress the adverse effects of glint noise. The proposed method is then integrated into the Cubature Kalman Filter framework combined with the Current Statistical model. Unlike conventional Huber-based approaches, which process measurement residuals independently in each dimension, the proposed method evaluates the residuals jointly to improve robustness. Numerical stability analysis and extensive simulation experiments confirm that the proposed RCKF_CS achieves improved numerical robustness and filtering performance, even under strong glint noise conditions. Compared with existing Huber-based filters, the proposed method enhances filtering performance by 2.66% to 10.18% in manoeuvring surface target tracking tasks affected by glint noise.

Internet hospitals are developing rapidly in China, and their convenient and efficient medical services are being increasingly recognized by patients. Many hospitals have set up their own internet hospitals to provide web-based medical services. Tianjin Medical University General Hospital has established a multidisciplinary and comprehensive internet hospital to provide diversified medical services according to the needs of patients. A way to further improve web-based medical services is by examining how shared decision-making (SDM) can be carried out in internet hospital diagnosis and treatment services, thereby improving patients' medical experience. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of implementing doctor-patient SDM in internet hospital diagnosis and treatment services based on patients' needs in China. In this study, the medical data of 10 representative departments in the internet hospital of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 1 to January 31, 2022, were extracted as a whole; 25,266 cases were selected. After excluding 2056 cases with incomplete information, 23,210 cases were finally included in this study. A chi-square test was performed to analyze the characteristics and medical service needs of internet hospital patients in order to identify the strengths of SDM in internet hospitals. The internet hospital patients from 10 clinical departments were significantly different in terms of gender (χ =3425.6; P<.001), age (χ =27,375.8; P<.001), mode of payment (χ =3501.1; P<.001), geographic distribution (χ =347.2; P<.001), and duration of illness (χ =2863.3; P<.001). Patient medical needs included drug prescriptions, examination prescriptions, medical record explanations, drug use instructions, prehospitalization preparations, further consultations with doctors (unspecified purpose), treatment plan consultations, initial diagnoses based on symptoms, and follow-up consultations after discharge. The medical needs of the patients in different clinical departments were significantly different (χ =8465.5; P<.001). Our study provides a practical and theoretical basis for the feasibility of doctor-patient SDM in internet hospitals and offers some implementation strategies. We focus on the application of SDM in web-based diagnosis and treatment in internet hospitals rather than on a disease or a disease management software. The medical service needs of different patient groups can be effectively obtained from an internet hospital, which provides the practical conditions for the promotion of doctor-patient SDM. Our findings show that the internet hospital platform expands the scope of SDM and is a new way for the large-scale application of doctor-patient SDM.

Internet hospitals and \"Internet + nursing services\" represent emerging medical and nursing models in China. These platforms integrate online systems with offline care to extend services beyond traditional hospital settings. With the rapid expansion of internet hospitals, a new model-internet hospital plus home nursing-has developed. However, research on its implementation and effectiveness remains limited. This study evaluates the implementation of the internet hospital plus home nursing model by analyzing workload, patient satisfaction, and nurses' perceptions, aiming to provide a strategic reference for its further development. Data from 2459 patients who used internet hospital plus home nursing services were collected from a hospital database. The frequency of applications and service timeliness were analyzed using χ2 tests. Patient diagnoses, service types, and geographic distribution were summarized using frequency tables and visualization techniques. A simulation approach, along with the Mann-Whitney U test, was used to compare the costs of transferring patients to hospitals versus providing home nursing. Multiple linear regression identified factors associated with cost differences. Patient satisfaction across different stages was compared using a U test, and nurses' attitudes were assessed via a questionnaire. The majority of patients were aged 60 years and older (2120/2459, 86.2%). A significant difference in application frequency was observed across age groups (χ²4=29.86; P<.001). Oncology patients were the most common users (1468/7415, 19.8%) and intravenous blood collection was the most frequent service (4899/7415, 66.1%). Most patients resided within 6 regions near the physical hospital (2119/2459, 86.2%). All patients received services within 2 days of appointment, with waiting times significantly influenced by appointment timing (χ²1 = 290.88; P<.001). Cost distributions varied significantly by gender, age, service frequency, distance, and service type (all P<.001), with service type and distance identified as key cost determinants (P<.001). Patient satisfaction was consistently high across periods, with no significant difference (Mann-Whitney U=5,090,149; P=.38). Nurses expressed positive perceptions of the model. The internet hospital plus home nursing model effectively combines online diagnosis with in-home care, creating a closed-loop service that improves accessibility-particularly for older adults and mobility-impaired patients. Pilot implementations in Tianjin demonstrated benefits in convenience, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness, alongside high patient satisfaction and nursing staff approval. Given the aging population, this model holds significant potential for broader adoption. To ensure sustainable development, enhanced safety mechanisms and policy support are recommended. As an integrated health care model with Chinese characteristics, it also offers valuable insights for the global digital health sector.

The occurrence of crystallization plugging in the tunnel drainage system will lead to cracking and leakage of the tunnel lining. Therefore, it is very important to take effective measures to prevent the blockage of the crystallization pipe of the tunnel drainage system and ensure the safety and stability of the lining structure during the operation of the tunnel. In this study, we conducted field surveys and laboratory tests to analyze the relationship between the crystals in the Yijun tunnel blind pipeline and the concentration of various ions in the groundwater. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the main component of the crystalline sediment was calcium carbonate. The formation mechanism of crystallization was explored by using the environmental water chemical equilibrium software, Visual MINTEQ 3.1. Considering that the preparation of cleaning agent has less corrosive effect on tunnel concrete materials, the cleaning efficiency test of various acid cleaning agents on tunnel crystals was carried out to determine the optimal concentration of cleaning solution. Finally, it is determined that the mixture of formic acid: citric acid: corrosion inhibitor: surfactant: water = 1:0.5: 0.5:0.5: 5 is used as the cleaning agent of tunnel blind pipe. The experimental results show that the cleaning agent has a 92.4% CaCO 3 dissolution rate, and the pH is controllable (4.7–7.9), which meets the environmental protection standards, and has little damage to the concrete (strength loss of 3.4 Mega Pascal, control group 6.2 Mega Pascal).

Sol–gel dip-coating technique can be used to fabricate SiO 2 –TiO 2 composite film with self-cleaning and anti-reflectance properties from low-cost SiO 2 colloid solution and Ti(OC 4 H 9 ) 4 . The physical and structural properties have been investigated by UV–visible spectrophotometer, contact angle meter, XRD, FT-IR, FESEM. UV–vis spectra and methyl orange photodegradation experiments showed that the SiO 2 –TiO 2 composite film had high light transmittance and photocatalytic activity.

Here, two novel naphthalimide derivatives SNI-Cz and SNI-DCz with AIE were designed and synthesized. The correctness of the two structures was characterized by NMR and HRMS. Their crystal structures, photophysical properties, electrochemical properties, thermal stabilities, fluorescence lifetime and yields have been characterized. Photoluminescence experiments revealed that SNI-DCz had superior properties due to the D-π-A-π-D structure and sliding away stacking of molecules. SNI-DCz exhibited weak fluorescence in pure DMF, with a significant AIE effect observed in the 40% water mixture and a sharp increase in fluorescence intensity was also observed. Cyclic voltammetry and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that SNI-DCz had good electron affinity and thermal stability. The excellent properties of SNI-DCz made it a promising emitter for optoelectronics.

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) made by poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with multi-adducts fullerenes, [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM), PC 61 BM-bisadduct (bisPC 61 BM) and PC 61 BM-trisadduct (trisPC 61 BM), were reported. Electrochemistry studies indicated that PC 61 BM, bisPC 61 BM and trisPC 61 BM had step-up distributional lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy. PSCs made by P3HT with above PC 61 BMs show a trend of enlarged open-circuit voltages, which is in good agreement with the energy difference between the LUMO of PC 61 BMs and the HOMO of P3HT. On the contrary, reduced short-circuit currents ( J sc ) were observed. The investigation of photo responsibility, dynamics analysis based on photo-induced absorption of composite films, P3HT:PC 61 BMs and n -channel thin film field-effect transistors of PC 61 BMs suggested that the short polaron lifetimes and low carrier mobilities were response for reduced J sc . All these results demonstrated that it was important to develop an electron acceptor which has both high carrier mobility, and good compatibility with the electron donor conjugated polymer for approaching high performance PSCs.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by frequent relapses, requiring long-term management and consuming substantial medical and social resources. Effective management of UC remains challenging due to the need for sustainable remission strategies, continuity of care, and access to medical services. Intelligent diagnosis refers to the use of artificial intelligence-driven algorithms to analyze patient-reported symptoms, generate diagnostic probabilities, and provide treatment recommendations through interactive tools. This approach could potentially function as a method for UC management. This study aimed to analyze the diagnosis and treatment data of UC from both physical hospitals and internet hospitals, highlighting the potential benefits of the intelligent diagnosis and treatment service model offered by internet hospitals. We collected data on the visits of patients with UC to the Department of Gastroenterology at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. A total of 852 patients with UC were included between July 1, 2020, and June 31, 2023. Statistical methods, including chi-square tests for categorical variables, t tests for continuous variables, and rank-sum tests for visit numbers, were used to evaluate the medical preferences and expenses of patients with UC. We found that internet hospitals and physical hospitals presented different medical service models due to the different distribution of medical needs and patient groups. Patients who chose internet hospitals focused on disease consultation and prescription medication (3295/3528, 93.40%). Patients' medical preferences gradually shifted to web-based services provided by internet hospitals. Over time, 58.57% (270/461) of patients chose either web-based services or a combination of web-based and offline services for UC diagnosis and treatment. The number of visits in the combination of web-based and offline service modes was the highest (mean 13.83, SD 11.07), and younger patients were inclined to visit internet hospitals (49.66%>34.71%). In addition, compared with physical hospitals, there was no difference in testing fees and examination fees for patients with UC in internet hospitals, but medicine fees were lower. The intelligent diagnosis and treatment model provided by internet hospitals demonstrates the potential benefits in managing UC, including feasibility, accessibility, convenience, and economics.