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"Yu, Xing-Xing"
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The gut microbiome and liver cancer: mechanisms and clinical translation
Key Points
Intestinal dysbiosis and increased bacterial translocation contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocarcinogenesis
A large body of literature has demonstrated that targeting the gut-microbiota–liver axis can inhibit the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice and rats
Promising findings from these preclinical studies in mice and rats have not yet been translated to clinical settings, presenting therapeutic opportunities
Targeting the gut–liver axis by nonabsorbable antibiotics such as rifaximin might not only prevent the development of HCC in patients with CLD, but additionally reduce other complications and improve survival
Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota are important modulators of chronic liver disease progression and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this Review, Yu and Schwabe discuss the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota promote hepatocarcinogenesis, and explore therapeutic interventions with clinical potential.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of worldwide cancer mortality. HCC almost exclusively develops in patients with chronic liver disease, driven by a vicious cycle of liver injury, inflammation and regeneration that typically spans decades. Increasing evidence points towards a key role of the bacterial microbiome in promoting the progression of liver disease and the development of HCC. Here, we will review mechanisms by which the gut microbiota promotes hepatocarcinogenesis, focusing on the leaky gut, bacterial dysbiosis, microbe-associated molecular patterns and bacterial metabolites as key pathways that drive cancer-promoting liver inflammation, fibrosis and genotoxicity. On the basis of accumulating evidence from preclinical studies, we propose the intestinal-microbiota–liver axis as a promising target for the simultaneous prevention of chronic liver disease progression and HCC development in patients with advanced liver disease. We will review in detail therapeutic modalities and discuss clinical settings in which targeting the gut-microbiota–liver axis for the prevention of disease progression and HCC development seems promising.
Journal Article
Ancient city walls in China : a heritage rediscovered
\"In numerous civilizations throughout world history city walls were an indispensable part of every city. In China they can be traced back to the 21th century BC as fortified symbols of power and manifestation of the Middle Kingdom. In the course of the country's long history several thousand have been erected, varying enormously in form, length, construction technology, functionality and significance. These city walls represent a unique heritage and a central identification factor from which to gain access to the self-image of Chinese culture. After years of decay and ignorance, it was only a few decades ago that they were discovered as cultural monuments and the securing and restoration work began. The city walls recorded in the statistics today, of which a selection is presented in this book by new and historic photos, range from wall ruins in the ground via about 150 with a length of more than one kilometer to the famous fortification of Nanjing, which still has more than 20 kilometers standing.\" -- amazon
Book
The Hippo pathway in tissue homeostasis and regeneration
While several organs in mammals retain partial regen- erative capability following tissue damage, the underly- ing mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the Hippo signaling pathway, better known for its function in organ size control, has been shown to play a pivotal role in regulating tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Upon tissue injury, the activity of YAP, the major effector of the Hippo pathway, is transiently induced, which in turn promotes expansion of tissue-resident progenitors and facilitates tissue regeneration. In this review, with a general focus on the Hippo pathway, we will discuss its major components, functions in stem cell biology, involvement in tissue regeneration in different organs, and potential strategies for developing Hippo pathway- targeted regenerative medicines.
Journal Article
التحول الأخضر للمدن الصينية : تحديات التغير المناخي وآليات استجابة بكين
يتناول كتاب (التحول الأخضر للمدن لصينية : تحديات التغير المناخي وآليات استجابة بكين) والذي قام بتأليفه (دو شوو خو) في حوالي (334) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (التنمية الاقتصادية الصينية) مستعرضا المحتويات في الأبواب التالية : الأول : تحديات تغير المناخ وسبل الاستجابة لها، الباب الثاني : التنمية المستدامة للبيئة الإيكولوجية الحضرية، الباب الثالث : حماية ومعالجة البيئة الجوية الحضرية، الباب الرابع : بناء نظم مؤشرات تقييم مدن \"النوع الثالث\"
Book
The give and take of cause-related marketing: purchasing cause-related products licenses consumer indulgence
Cause-related marketing (CM) is the creation of a mutually beneficial relationship between a company and a nonprofit organization, with the dual objectives of boosting profit for the company and promoting the cause of the nonprofit. The present research demonstrates that mere exposure to CM evokes in consumers a desire to be prosocial and reduces the likelihood of self-indulgent choices. However, the act of purchasing CM products may provide consumers with a “warm glow” feeling from being prosocial. This feeling of a warm glow licenses subsequent self-indulgent behaviors, especially when the product with a cause is hedonic (vs. utilitarian) in nature. We further find that when the warm glow feeling is misattributed to something else (e.g., weather), the licensing effect is reduced. By distinguishing between the pre- and post-purchase effects of cause-related products, this research offers practical insights to managers on how to design and execute CM strategies.
Journal Article
تحديث الاقتصاد الصيني
في كتابه \"تحديث الاقتصاد الصيني\" يتناول تشياو جنغ عملية الإصلاح الاقتصادي في الصين خلال ثلاثة عقود تم فيها وصف التطور السريع لاقتصاد الصين ب\"المعجزة الاقتصادية\"، ولكنه وصف غير دقيق -بتعبير المؤلف- وبمعنى أكثر دقة، يعتبر التطور السريع لاقتصاد الصين مجرد عملية انتعاش اقتصادي. إنها عملية مواكبة لاقتصادات الأسواق في المناطق المتقدمة.
Book
Machine learning based early warning system enables accurate mortality risk prediction for COVID-19
Soaring cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are pummeling the global health system. Overwhelmed health facilities have endeavored to mitigate the pandemic, but mortality of COVID-19 continues to increase. Here, we present a mortality risk prediction model for COVID-19 (MRPMC) that uses patients’ clinical data on admission to stratify patients by mortality risk, which enables prediction of physiological deterioration and death up to 20 days in advance. This ensemble model is built using four machine learning methods including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosted Decision Tree, and Neural Network. We validate MRPMC in an internal validation cohort and two external validation cohorts, where it achieves an AUC of 0.9621 (95% CI: 0.9464–0.9778), 0.9760 (0.9613–0.9906), and 0.9246 (0.8763–0.9729), respectively. This model enables expeditious and accurate mortality risk stratification of patients with COVID-19, and potentially facilitates more responsive health systems that are conducive to high risk COVID-19 patients.
Methods to stratify patients according to mortality risk are essential to allocate limited heath resources during the COVID-19 crisis. Here, using machine learning methods, the authors present a mortality risk prediction model for COVID-19 that uses patients’ clinical data on admission to stratify patients by mortality risk.
Journal Article
Values Created from Far and Near
This research shows that spatial distance between visual representations of a product and consumers may enhance or devalue consumers' perceptions of the brand depending on the brand image (prestigious vs. popular). The authors suggest that spatial distance signals prestige when status and luxury are relevant to the brand image, and decreased distance signals social closeness when popularity and broad appeal are relevant to the brand image. The authors show that for prestigious brands whose brand image is associated with status and luxury, consumers' attitude toward the product becomes more favorable and their willingness to pay a premium for the product grows as the distance between the visual representations of the product and the consumer increases. In contrast, for popular brands whose brand image is associated with broad appeal and social connectedness, the closer the distance, the more favorable is consumers' attitude and the higher their willingness to pay a premium. The findings provide useful guidelines to marketers on the use of visual cues in advertising and product displays.
Journal Article
Study some two loop contribution to muon anomalous MDM in the N-B-LSSM
It is well known that the muon magnetic dipole moment (MDM) has close relation with the new physics (NP) in the development of the Standard Model (SM). Combined with the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) and the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 result, the departure from the SM prediction is about 5.0
σ
.
We study the electroweak corrections from several type two-loop SUSY diagrams and the virtual SUSY particles include chargino, neutralino, scalar lepton and scalar neutrino. Based on the latest experimental constraints, we study the muon anomalous MDM under the next to the minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM with local B-L gauge symmetry (N-B-LSSM). The abundant numerical results verify that
tan
β
,
T
e
22
,
M
L
2
,
M
e
2
,
M
B
B
′
play an important role in muon anomalous MDM.
M
e
2
,
tan
β
and
T
e
22
are sensitive parameters to muon anomalous MDM. From the data obtained in all the figures of the numerical results, most of the values of
a
μ
NBL
are in 2
σ
interval, which can compensate the departure between the experiment data and the SM prediction.
Journal Article