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Objectives. To determine the bone metabolic marker changes from childhood to adolescence and to provide reference values for monitoring bone development in children in Southwest China. Methods. We surveyed 703 participants attending physical examinations from April 2019 and August 2021. Twenty-eight participants were excluded for lack of laboratory tests, and 14 people were excluded for diseases that might affect bone metabolism. A total of 661 children were selected for the study. According to the main developmental periods, the children were divided into preschool, preadolescence, and adolescence groups. Serum bone turnover markers including β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTx), N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), and procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP) as well as growth and development indices such as serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Pi), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and vitamin D were measured. The changes in bone metabolism-related markers and the correlations between the indices were analyzed. Results. During the development in boys, the levels of β-CTx and N-MID increased with age from preschool to adolescence, while the levels of P1NP decreased and then increased. In girls, the levels of β-CTx and N-MID plateaued in early adolescence and showed little change in subsequent adolescence, while the levels of P1NP exhibited a downward trend. The correlations between bone metabolism markers and vitamin D were not significant. Conclusions. The levels of bone metabolism markers differed between boys and girls. Reference intervals can be used as essential tools to examine the levels of bone metabolism markers reasonably.

Background Bone turnover markers (BTMs) have been studied for application in clinical medicine. However, BTMs in children are challenging, and few studies explore these BTMs in children. The application of BTMs is complicated mainly due to pre‐analytical factors, variable reference intervals of age‐ and sex‐related BTMs for adolescents and children in different regions and laboratories. Therefore, laboratory testing of BTMs is critical for understanding pediatric bone development and metabolism, which provides additional information about bone development and diseases. Methods Literature search was conducted using the MeSH term “child” combined with the terms that bone turnover markers such as “osteocalcin,” “Procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide,” “procollagen type I C‐terminal propeptide,” “osteocalcin,” “N‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide,” and “C‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide,” Several databases including Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed were searched to obtain the relevant studies. Results BTMs represent the combined effects of skeletal development, growth, and remodeling in children, which can be used in clinical pediatrics to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of bone metabolic disorders. Conclusion BTMs are clearly helpful for diagnosis and monitoring of bone growth and development as well as bone metabolic disorders. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) have been evaluated for use in medicine; however, there are challenges to the interpretation of BTMs in children, in part, because there have been too few studies in children. BTMs represent the combined effects of the formation, growth, and remodeling of bone metabolism in children. The use of BTMs is complicated primarily due to pre‐analytical factors and variable reference intervals of age‐ and sex‐related BTMs for adolescents and children in different regions and laboratories. BTMs may be used for diagnosis and prognostic prediction of bone metabolic disease to support clinical pediatrics. Laboratory testing of BTMs is important for understanding pediatric bone development and metabolism, which provides additional information about bone development and disease. BTMs are useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of bone growth and development and bone metabolic disorders.

Multiple pluripotent states have been described in mouse and human stem cells. Here, we apply single-cell RNA-seq to a newly established BMP4 induced mouse primed to naïve transition (BiPNT) system and show that the reset is not a direct reversal of cell fate but goes through a primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) state. We first show that epiblast stem cells bifurcate into c-Kit + naïve and c-Kit − trophoblast-like cells, among which, the naïve branch undergoes further transition through a PGCLCs intermediate capable of spermatogenesis in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that DOT1L inhibition permits the transition from primed pluripotency to PGCLCs in part by facilitating the loss of H3K79me2 from Gata3/6 . In addition, Prdm1 / Blimp1 is required for PGCLCs and naïve cells, while Gata2 inhibits PGC-like state by promoting trophoblast-like fate. Our work not only reveals an alternative route for primed to naïve transition, but also gains insight into germ cell development. Multiple pluripotent states have been described in mouse and human stem cells. Here the authors describe trajectories during BMP4 induced primed to naïve transition, which bifurcates into naïve and trophoblast-like branches with a PGC-like intermediate at the naïve branch.

We present the discovery of eight isolated millisecond pulsars in globular cluster (GC) NGC 6517 using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The spin periods of those pulsars (namely PSR J1801–0857K to R, or NGC 6517K to R) are all shorter than 10 ms. With these discoveries, NGC 6517 is currently the GC with the most known pulsars in the FAST sky. The largest difference in dispersion measure of the pulsars in NGC 6517 is 11.2 cm−3 pc, the second among all GCs. The fraction of isolated pulsars in this GC (16 of 17, 94%) is consistent with previous studies indicating an overabundance of isolated pulsars in the densest GCs, especially in those undergoing cluster core collapse. Considering the FAST GC pulsar discoveries, we modeled the GC pulsar population using the empirical Bayesian method described by Turk and Lorimer with the recent counts. Using this approach, we find that the expected number of potential pulsars in GCs seems to be correlated with the central escape velocity; hence, the GCs Liller 1, NGC 6441, M54 (NGC 6715), and ω-Cen (NGC 5139) are expected to host the largest numbers of pulsars.

All‐inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently gained growing attention as a promising template to solve the thermal instability of organic–inorganic PSCs. However, the relatively low device efficiency hinders its further development. Herein, highly efficient and stable CsPb0.7Sn0.3IBr2 compositional perovskite‐based inorganic PSCs are fabricated by introducing appropriate amount of multifunctional zinc oxalate (ZnOX). In addition to offset Pb and Sn vacancies through Zn2+ ions incorporation, the oxalate group can strongly interact with undercoordinated metal ions to regulate film crystallization, delivering perovskite film with low defect density, high crystallinity, and superior electronic properties. Correspondingly, the resulting device delivers a champion efficiency of 14.1%, which presents the highest reported efficiency for bromine‐rich inorganic PSCs thus far. More importantly, chemically reducing oxalate group can effectively suppress the notorious oxidation of Sn2+, leading to significant enhancement on air stability. Highly efficient CsPb0.7Sn0.3IBr2 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are achieved via introducing zinc oxalate (ZnOX) as additive. ZnOX not only reduces the metal ions related trap states but also modulates film crystallization, resulting in a record device efficiency of 14.1%. In particular, chemically reducing oxalate can effectively suppress the oxidation of Sn2+, contributing to devices with much improved long‐term air stability.

Background Aggressive behavior negatively affects adolescents’ physical and psychological development. Social exclusion—defined as the thwarting of an individual’s need to belong through rejection—is a well-established risk factor for aggression. In contrast, interpersonal trust, the expectation of reliability and goodwill from others, facilitates rational interpretations of social interactions and may reduce aggressive tendencies. However, to the authors’ knowledge, no prior experimental research has examined the interactive effects of social exclusion and interpersonal trust on aggression among Chinese middle school students. Additionally, left-behind children, who are separated from one or both parents due to labor migration, typically report higher levels of social exclusion, lower interpersonal trust, and greater aggression than non-left-behind children, suggesting a distinct dynamic among these variables. Methods To address this gap, we conducted an experimental study involving 82 middle school students (39 left-behind children and 43 non-left-behind children), in which social exclusion, interpersonal trust, and aggressive behavior were measured and experimentally manipulated. Results The results revealed significant main effects of left-behind experience, social exclusion, and interpersonal trust on aggressive behavior. Crucially, two key two-way interactions were identified. First, the interaction between interpersonal trust and left-behind experience showed that while high trust predicted lower aggression in both groups, this protective effect was significantly weaker for left-behind students. Second, the interaction between social exclusion and interpersonal trust indicated that high trust significantly buffered the negative impact of social exclusion on aggression. However, the two-way interaction between left-behind experience and social exclusion and three-way interactions were not significant. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that interpersonal trust mitigates the negative effects of both social exclusion and left-behind experiences on aggressive behavior, highlighting its potential as a target for intervention among at-risk youth.

We present the phase-connected timing solutions of all five pulsars in globular cluster M3 (NGC 5272), namely PSRs M3A to F (PSRs J1342+2822A to F), with the exception of PSR M3C, from FAST archival data. In these timing solutions, those of PSRs M3E and F are obtained for the first time. We find that PSRs M3E and F have low-mass companions and are in circular orbits with periods of 7.1 and 3.0 days, respectively. For PSR M3C, we have not detected its signal in all 41 observations. We found no X-ray counterparts for these pulsars in archival Chandra images in the band of 0.2–20 keV. From the autocorrelation function analysis of M3A and M3B’s dynamic spectra, the scintillation timescale ranges from 7.0 ± 0.3 to 60.0 ± 0.6 minutes, and the scintillation bandwidth ranges from 4.6 ± 0.2 to 57.1 ± 1.1 MHz. The measured scintillation bandwidths from the dynamic spectra indicate strong scintillation, and the scattering medium is anisotropic. From the secondary spectra, we captured a scintillation arc only for PSR M3B with a curvature of 649 ± 23 m−1 mHz−2.

BMP4 regulates a plethora of developmental processes, including the dorsal–ventral axis and neural patterning. Here, we report that BMP4 reconfigures the nuclear architecture during the primed-to-naive transition (PNT). We first established a BMP4-driven PNT and show that BMP4 orchestrates the chromatin accessibility dynamics during PNT. Among the loci opened early by BMP4, we identified Zbtb7a and Zbtb7b (Zbtb7a/b) as targets that drive PNT. ZBTB7A/B in turn facilitate the opening of naive pluripotent chromatin loci and the activation of nearby genes. Mechanistically, ZBTB7A not only binds to chromatin loci near to the genes that are activated, but also strategically occupies those that are silenced, consistent with a role of BMP4 in both activating and suppressing gene expression during PNT at the chromatin level. Our results reveal a previously unknown function of BMP4 in regulating nuclear architecture and link its targets ZBTB7A/B to chromatin remodelling and pluripotent fate control.Yu, Zhou, Cao, He et al. show that BMP4 reconfigures the nuclear architecture during the transition from primed to naive pluripotency by targeting Zbtb7a and Zbtb7b, which encode proteins that mediate the opening of naive chromatin loci.

By 2025 January, 60 pulsars were discovered by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope globular cluster (GC) pulsar survey (GC FANS), with spin periods spanning 1.98–3960.72 ms. Of these, 55 are millisecond pulsars (MSPs; P < 30 ms), while 35 are binaries with orbital periods spanning 0.12–466.47 days. This paper describes GC FANS, a deep, thorough search for pulsars in 41 GCs in the FAST sky (−14° < δ < 65°), and describes new discoveries in 14 of them. We present updated timing solutions for M92A, NGC 6712A, M71A, and M71E, all of which are “spider” pulsars with short orbital periods. We present new timing solutions for M71B, C, and D. With orbital periods of ∼466 and 378 days, M71B and M71C are the widest known GC binaries; these systems resemble the normal wide MSP-He WD systems in the Galactic disk. With a spin period of 101 ms, M71D is in an eccentric (e ∼ 0.63) orbit with an 11 day period and a massive companion; the system has a total mass of 2.63 ± 0.08 M⊙. These features and its large characteristic age suggest it is a double neutron star system (DNS) formed via massive binary evolution early in the cluster’s history, akin to Galactic disk DNSs—unlike other candidate GC DNSs, which typically form dynamically. A comparative analysis of GC pulsar populations within FAST’s sky reveals that most clusters (10 of 14) resemble the Galactic disk MSP population, likely due to lower stellar densities.

In this study, the eddy characteristics on the fishing ground of the Humboldt squid ( Dosidicus gigas ) in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean were detected based on geometrical characteristics with the flow field during April–June 2017. The influence of the eddies on the biophysical environment, D. gigas abundance, and habitat distribution were explored. The habitat was identified by fishery data, sea surface temperature (SST), vertical water temperature, and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). Results indicated that the eddy lifetime was relatively short, with only three eddies persisting for more than 2 weeks. The number of eddies in each month showed a similar variability trend with the monthly average catch per unit effort (CPUE) of D. gigas . Two eddies were taken with a lifetime of above 2 weeks, which revealed that the environmental conditions around the eddies significantly changed. When the eddy persisted for 8–10 days, SST and vertical temperature gradually decreased, but Chl-a significantly increased. The habitat quality of D. gigas gradually increased, and the gravity center of the fishing ground was consistent with eddy movement. The eddy-induced Ekman pumping led to the transportation of deep waters with rich nutrients into the euphotic layer, promoted the reproduction of bait organisms, and yielded favorable water temperature conditions for D. gigas . These environmental changes aided the formation of high-quality habitats, which increase D. gigas abundance and catch and drive the shift of the gravity centers of fishing grounds with the eddy. Our findings suggested that eddy activities have significant impacts on D. gigas abundance and habitat distribution.