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Skins, envelopes, and enclosures : concepts for designing building exteriors
\"As an architect, you want to integrate the best building envelope construction methods, materials science, and structural principles in your work, but you need a resource to help you. With more than seventy significant case studies located in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia from prehistory to the present, this book illuminates the theory and techniques of assembling exteriors. Six chapters organized by wall types, from hand-set monolithic walls to digitally fabricated curtain walls, each have a material focus section to help you understand their intrinsic properties so that you can decide which will best keep the weather out of your building. Case studies include: Great Wall, China Israeli Supreme Court Building, Jerusalem, Ram Karmi and Ada Karmi-Melamed Fďřation Nationale du Bt́iments, Paris, Jean Prouv ̌Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris, Jean Nouvel Morgan Library, New York City, Renzo Piano Katsura Imperial Villa, Kyoto Sainsbury Center for Visual Arts, Norwich, UK, Sir Norman Foster\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Combined Single‐Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveal the Metabolic Evolvement of Breast Cancer during Early Dissemination
Breast cancer is now the most frequently diagnosed malignancy, and metastasis remains the leading cause of death in breast cancer. However, little is known about the dynamic changes during the evolvement of dissemination. In this study, 65 968 cells from four patients with breast cancer and paired metastatic axillary lymph nodes are profiled using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and spatial transcriptomics. A disseminated cancer cell cluster with high levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), including the upregulation of cytochrome C oxidase subunit 6C and dehydrogenase/reductase 2, is identified. The transition between glycolysis and OXPHOS when dissemination initiates is noticed. Furthermore, this distinct cell cluster is distributed along the tumor's leading edge. The findings here are verified in three different cohorts of breast cancer patients and an external scRNA‐seq dataset, which includes eight patients with breast cancer and paired metastatic axillary lymph nodes. This work describes the dynamic metabolic evolvement of early disseminated breast cancer and reveals a switch between glycolysis and OXPHOS in breast cancer cells as the early event during lymph node metastasis. By single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, the early early‐disseminated breast cancer cells are found to travel from the border of primary tumor to axillary lymph nodes. During this metastasis, a switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in early disseminated breast cancer cells, indicating an interesting dynamic metabolic evolvement.
Journal Article
Boron-doped sodium layered oxide for reversible oxygen redox reaction in Na-ion battery cathodes
Na-ion cathode materials operating at high voltage with a stable cycling behavior are needed to develop future high-energy Na-ion cells. However, the irreversible oxygen redox reaction at the high-voltage region in sodium layered cathode materials generates structural instability and poor capacity retention upon cycling. Here, we report a doping strategy by incorporating light-weight boron into the cathode active material lattice to decrease the irreversible oxygen oxidation at high voltages (i.e., >4.0 V vs. Na
+
/Na). The presence of covalent B–O bonds and the negative charges of the oxygen atoms ensures a robust ligand framework for the NaLi
1/9
Ni
2/9
Fe
2/9
Mn
4/9
O
2
cathode material while mitigating the excessive oxidation of oxygen for charge compensation and avoiding irreversible structural changes during cell operation. The B-doped cathode material promotes reversible transition metal redox reaction enabling a room-temperature capacity of 160.5 mAh g
−1
at 25 mA g
−1
and capacity retention of 82.8% after 200 cycles at 250 mA g
−1
. A 71.28 mAh single-coated lab-scale Na-ion pouch cell comprising a pre-sodiated hard carbon-based anode and B-doped cathode material is also reported as proof of concept.
The irreversible oxygen redox reaction during charging to the high-voltage region causes cathode structural degradation and Na-ion cell capacity fading. Here, the authors report a B-doped cathode active material to mitigate the irreversible oxygen oxidation and increase the cell capacity.
Journal Article
The parent-of-origin lncRNA MISSEN regulates rice endosperm development
The cereal endosperm is a major factor determining seed size and shape. However, the molecular mechanisms of endosperm development are not fully understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function in various biological processes. Here we show a lncRNA,
MISSEN
, that plays an essential role in early endosperm development in rice (
Oryza sativa
).
MISSEN
is a parent-of-origin lncRNA expressed in endosperm, and negatively regulates endosperm development, leading to a prominent dent and bulge in the seed. Mechanistically,
MISSEN
functions through hijacking a helicase family protein (HeFP) to regulate tubulin function during endosperm nucleus division and endosperm cellularization, resulting in abnormal cytoskeletal polymerization. Finally, we revealed that the expression of
MISSEN
is inhibited by histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) modification after pollination. Therefore,
MISSEN
is the first lncRNA identified as a regulator in endosperm development, highlighting the potential applications in rice breeding.
The cereal endosperm is a major determinant of seed size and shape. Here the authors show that a lncRNA,
MISSEN
, is expressed from the maternally derived allele in rice seeds and regulates a helicase family protein to support efficient nuclear division, distribution and cellularization in the endosperm.
Journal Article
Aunty Lee's deadly specials
\"Rosie \"Aunty\" Lee, the feisty widow, amateur sleuth, and proprietor of Singapore's best-loved home cooking restaurant, is back in another delectable, witty mystery involving scandal and murder among the city's elite. Few know more about what goes on in Singapore than Aunty Lee. When a scandal over illegal organ donation involving prominent citizens makes news, she already has a list of suspects. There's no time to snoop, though--Aunty Lee's Delights is catering a brunch for local socialites Henry and Mabel Sung at their opulent house. Rumor has it that the Sung's fortune is in trouble, and Aunty Lee wonders if the gossip is true. But soon after arriving at the Sung's house, her curiosity turns to suspicion. Why is a storage house she discovers locked? What is the couple arguing about behind closed doors? Where is the guest of honor who never showed up? Then, Mabel Sung and her son Leonard are found dead. The authorities blame it on Aunty Lee's special stewed chicken with buah keluak, a local black nut that can be poisonous if cooked improperly. Aunty Lee has never carelessly prepared a dish. She's certain the deaths are murder--and that they're somehow linked to the organ donor scandal. To save her business and her reputation, she's got to prove it--and unmask a dangerous killer whose next victim may just be Aunty Lee.\"-- From back cover.
Book
Helical structure motifs made searchable for functional peptide design
The systematic design of functional peptides has technological and therapeutic applications. However, there is a need for pattern-based search engines that help locate desired functional motifs in primary sequences regardless of their evolutionary conservation. Existing databases such as The Protein Secondary Structure database (PSS) no longer serves the community, while the Dictionary of Protein Secondary Structure (DSSP) annotates the secondary structures when tertiary structures of proteins are provided. Here, we extract 1.7 million helices from the PDB and compile them into a database (Therapeutic Peptide Design database; TP-DB) that allows queries of compounded patterns to facilitate the identification of sequence motifs of helical structures. We show how TP-DB helps us identify a known purification-tag-specific antibody that can be repurposed into a diagnostic kit for
Helicobacter pylori
. We also show how the database can be used to design a new antimicrobial peptide that shows better
Candida albicans
clearance and lower hemolysis than its template homologs. Finally, we demonstrate how TP-DB can suggest point mutations in helical peptide blockers to prevent a targeted tumorigenic protein-protein interaction. TP-DB is made available at
http://dyn.life.nthu.edu.tw/design/
.
Here, we present TP-DB; a pattern-based search engine based on 1.67 million helices from the Protein Database (PDB). We demonstrate the utility of TP-DB in identifying microbe-specific antigens, as well as the design of antimicrobial peptides and Protein-protein interaction blockers.
Journal Article
The self-medication behaviors of residents and the factors related to the consideration of drug efficacy and safety—A cross-sectional study in China
Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs facilitates residents self-medication. However, inappropriate self-medications have become a serious problem in China and even all over the world. Objectives: To make an investigation on the current status of Chinese residents’ self-medication behaviors and important considerations, and to explore the factors related to the considerations of drug efficacy and safety. Design: A quantitative, cross-sectional study. Methods: Multi-stage sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional investigation in China 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government. State that an interviewer-administrated questionnaire, was used for data collection. The questionnaire that was used in the investigation included demographic sociological characteristics, health literacy scale-short form (HLS-SF), the 10-item Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), the EuroQol-5D visual analogue scale (EQ-5D VAS), self-medication status and important considerations when self-medicating. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis. Log-binomial regression was used for multivariate analysis on whether residents regard drug efficacy or safety as an important consideration. Results: 9256 respondents were included in the data analysis. The self-medication rate of Chinese adults was as high as 99.1%. Paracetamol and other analgesics were the most common types of OTC medication that respondents purchased, followed by vitamins/minerals. Medical staff recommendations, drug safety and efficacy were the top three important considerations. The residents in the east, central and western regions who consider safety is 63.5%, 61.5%, and 66.8% respectively. The proportion of curative effect was 60.2%, 55.7%, and 61.4% respectively. Log-binomial regression showed that western respondents, retired people, those who mainly used ways including basic medical insurance for employees, commercial medical insurance, free medical treatment to cover their medical cost, respondents with high neuroticism, high health literacy were more likely to consider drug safety as an important factor ( p < 0.05). Eastern respondents, employed, main way of medical expenses borne was Out-of-pocket Payment, those with chronic disease were more likely to consider drug efficacy as an important factor ( p < 0.05). Female, respondents with high levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and self-rated health status were more likely to regard both drug safety and efficacy as important considerations ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Self-medication is practiced by most Chinese adults. Whether Chinese adults take drug efficacy or safety as an important consideration is related to their demographic and sociological characteristics, Big Five personality characteristics, health literacy and self-assessed health status. There is a need to strengthen the management of OTC drugs and public education about self-medication.
Journal Article