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تاريخ العلاقات بين الصين وعمان
يستعرض هذا الكتاب الجوانب التاريخية والسياسية والثقافية للعلاقات بين الصين وسلطنة عمان، منذ العصور القديمة وحتى العصر الحديث، مع تركيز خاص على التبادل التجاري والبحري الذي ازدهر بين الجانبين عبر طريق الحرير البحري. يبرز الكتاب كيف شكل التواصل الحضاري بين الصين وعمان أحد أقدم النماذج للعلاقات السلمية في التاريخ، حيث ساهم البحارة العمانيون في نقل السلع والثقافات بين الشرق الأقصى والجزيرة العربية. كما يتناول العلاقات الدبلوماسية الحديثة بين البلدين، وتطورها في إطار الشراكات الاقتصادية ومبادرة الحزام والطريق، مؤكدا على الاحترام المتبادل والتعاون المتوازن بين البلدين عبر القرون.
BOOK
Surface components and metabolites of probiotics for regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier
The gut microbiota can significantly affect the function of the intestinal barrier. Some intestinal probiotics (such as
Lactobacillus
,
Bifidobacteria
, a few
Escherichia coli
strains, and a new generation of probiotics including
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
and
Akkermansia muciniphila
) can maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis and promote health. This review first summarizes probiotics’ regulation of the intestinal epithelium via their surface compounds. Surface layer proteins, flagella, pili and capsular polysaccharides constitute microbial-associated molecular patterns and specifically bind to pattern recognition receptors, which can regulate signaling pathways to produce cytokines or inhibit apoptosis, thereby attenuating inflammation and enhancing the function of the gut epithelium. The review also explains the effects of metabolites (such as secreted proteins, organic acids, indole, extracellular vesicles and bacteriocins) of probiotics on host receptors and the mechanisms by which these metabolites regulate gut epithelial barrier function. Previous reviews summarized the role of the surface macromolecules or metabolites of gut microbes (including both probiotics and pathogens) in human health. However, these reviews were mostly focused on the interactions between these substances and the intestinal mucosal immune system. In the current review, we only focused on probiotics and discussed the molecular interaction between these bacteria and the gut epithelial barrier.
Journal Article
Spin-momentum locking and spin-orbit torques in magnetic nano-heterojunctions composed of Weyl semimetal WTe2
Spin–orbit torque has recently been intensively investigated for the purposes of manipulating the magnetization in magnetic nano-devices and understanding fundamental physics. Therefore, the search for novel materials or material combinations that exhibit a strong enough spin-torque effect has become one of the top priorities in this field of spintronics. Weyl semimetal, a new topological material that features open Fermi arc with strong spin–orbit coupling and spin–momentum locking effect, is naturally expected to exhibit an enhanced spin-torque effect in magnetic nano-devices. Here we observe a significantly enhanced spin conductivity, which is associated with the field-like torque at low temperatures. The enhancement is obtained in the
b
-axis WTe
2
/Py bilayers of nano-devices but not observed in the
a
-axis of WTe
2
/Py nano-devices, which can be ascribed to the enhanced spin accumulation by the spin–momentum locking effect of the Fermi arcs of the Weyl semimetal WTe
2
.
The Fermi arcs, topological surface states of Weyl semimetals can enable the intriguing spin control and facilitate topological spintronics. Here the authors report the spin-orbit torque at the interface of WTe
2
/Py and attribute it to the enhanced spin accumulation by the spin-momentum locking effect of the Fermi arcs of WTe
2
.
Journal Article
Ni-Coated Diamond-like Carbon-Modified TiO2 Nanotube Composite Electrode for Electrocatalytic Glucose Oxidation
In this paper, a Ni and diamond-like carbon (DLC)-modified TiO2 nanotube composite electrode was prepared as a glucose sensor using a combination of an anodizing process, electrodeposition, and magnetron sputtering. The composition and morphology of the electrodes were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray detector, and the electrochemical glucose oxidation performance of the electrodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that the Ni-coated DLC-modified TiO2 electrode has better electrocatalytic oxidation performance for glucose than pure TiO2 and electrodeposited Ni on a TiO2 electrode, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect between Ni and carbon. The glucose test results indicate a good linear correlation in a glucose concentration range of 0.99–22.97 mM, with a sensitivity of 1063.78 μA·mM−1·cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.53 μM. The results suggest that the obtained Ni-DLC/TiO2 electrode has great application potential in the field of non-enzymatic glucose sensors.
Journal Article
A Multi-Scale Convolutional Neural Network Combined with a Portable Near-Infrared Spectrometer for the Rapid, Non-Destructive Identification of Wood Species
The swift and non-destructive classification of wood species holds crucial significance for the utilization and trade of wood resources. Portable near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers have the potential for rapid and non-destructive wood species identification, and while several studies have explored related methodologies, further research on their practical application is needed. To address this research gap, this study proposes a multi-scale convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with a portable NIR spectrometer (wavelengths range: 908 to 1676 nm) for wood species identification. To enhance the capability of directly extracting robust features from NIR spectral data collected by a portable spectrometer, the Gramian angular field (GAF) method is introduced to transform 1-dimensional (1D) NIR spectral data into 2-dimensional (2D) data matrices. Furthermore, a multi-scale CNN model is utilized for direct feature extraction. The representation by 2D matrices, instead of 1D NIR spectral data, aligns with 2D convolutional operations and enables a more robust extraction of discriminative features. In the experimental phase, eight wood species were identified using the proposed method, alongside commonly used multivariate data analysis and machine learning (ML) methods. The StratifiedGroupKFold dataset partitioning approach and five-fold cross-validation were used. Additionally, nine spectral preprocessing methods were compared, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used for feature extraction in the ML method. Evaluation metrics, such as accuracy, precision, and recall, were adopted to assess the performance of the methods. The proposed multi-scale CNN model, in combination with 2D GAF matrices of the 1D spectral data, yielded the most accurate results with a mean accuracy of 97.34% in the five-fold validation. These findings present a new approach for the construction of a rapid, non-destructive, and automatic wood species identification method using a portable NIR spectrometer.
Journal Article
A New Perspective: Revealing the Algicidal Properties of Bacillus subtilis to Alexandrium pacificum from Bacterial Communities and Toxins
Algicidal bacteria are important in the control of toxic dinoflagellate blooms, but studies on the environmental behavior of related algal toxins are still lacking. In this study, Bacillus subtilis S3 (S3) showed the highest algicidal activity against Alexandrium pacificum (Group IV) out of six Bacillus strains. When treated with 0.5% (v/v) S3 bacterial culture and sterile supernatant, the algicidal rates were 69.74% and 70.22% at 12 h, respectively, and algicidal substances secreted by S3 were considered the mechanism of algicidal effect. During the algicidal process, the rapid proliferation of Alteromonas sp. in the phycosphere of A. pacificum may have accelerated the algal death. Moreover, the algicidal development of S3 released large amounts of intracellular paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) into the water, as the extracellular PSTs increased by 187.88% and 231.47% at 12 h, compared with the treatment of bacterial culture and sterile supernatant at 0 h, respectively. Although the total amount of PSTs increased slightly, the total toxicity of the algal sample decreased as GTX1/4 was transformed by S3 into GTX2/3 and GTX5. These results more comprehensively reveal the complex relationship between algicidal bacteria and microalgae, providing a potential source of biological control for harmful algal blooms and toxins.
Journal Article
Study on Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of 20# Steel Weld Joints in H2S-Rich Environments
This study aims to clarify the influence of H2S concentration and temperature on the sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) susceptibility of 20# steel weld joints. 20# steel is a commonly selected pipe material for ground gas pipelines, and there is a risk of welds cracking after years of service. The selection of a corrosive environment is based on the working conditions of high-sulfur oil fields on site. Slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests were conducted under simulated high-sulfur gathering and transportation conditions across varying temperatures and H2S concentrations. The mechanical properties, SSCC susceptibility, fracture morphology, and elemental composition of fracture surfaces were systematically analyzed. As H2S concentration increased (5%, 7.5%, 10%) and temperature decreased (30–60 °C), the elongation after fracture and the reduction in area of 20# steel decreased, while the yield strength and SSCC susceptibility increased. The H2S concentration range of 0–5% represented a critical sensitivity interval for the material, where elongation after fracture decreased by up to 74%. Within the 5–10% H2S range, elongation decreased by only 2.11%, indicating a slowing trend of fracture toughness deterioration, though SSCC susceptibility still increased by 12%. Increasing the temperature from 30 °C to 60 °C reduced SSCC susceptibility by approximately 30%, confirming higher susceptibility at lower temperatures. Temperature exerts a lesser influence on material performance than H2S concentration. Also, 20# steel remains within the SSCC brittle fracture sensitivity zone in sulfur-containing environments, necessitating strict quality control to avoid defects and stress concentrations. In high-sulfur environments (H2S > 5%), further increases in H2S concentration have a diminished effect on cracking susceptibility.
Journal Article
A composite patch loaded with 2-Deoxy Glucose facilitates cardiac recovery after myocardial infarction via attenuating local inflammatory response
Local inflammatory microenvironment in the early stage of myocardial infarction (MI) severely impaired cardiac recovery post-MI. Macrophages play a pivotal role in this process. A classical glycolytic inhibitor, 2-Deoxy-Glucose (2-DG), has been found to regulate the excessive pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in the infarcted myocardium. This study investigated the effect of 2-DG-loaded chitosan/gelatin composite patch on the infarct microenvironment post-MI and its impact on cardiac repair. The results showed that the 2-DG patch significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines, alleviated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, repressed the proinflammatory polarization of macrophages, attenuated local inflammatory microenvironment in the ischemic hearts, as well as improved cardiac function, reduced scar size, and promoted angiogenesis post-MI. In terms of mechanism, 2-DG exerts anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings suggest that 2-DG composite patch may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiac repair after MI.
Journal Article
Proteome-wide identification of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation reveals conserved and novel histone modifications in Physcomitrella patens
Protein lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (K
hib
) is a newly identified post-translational modification found in animal and yeast cells. Previous research suggested that histone K
hib
is involved in male cell differentiation and plays a critical role in the regulation of chromatin functions in animals. However, information regarding protein K
hib
in plants is still limited. In this study, using a specific antibody and LC-MS/MS methods, we identified 11,976 K
hib
sites in 3,001 proteins in
Physcomitrella patens
. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that these K
hib
-modified proteins were involved in a wide range of molecular functions and cellular processes, and showed diverse subcellular localizations. Furthermore, an comparism of K
hib
sites in histone proteins among human, mouse and
P
.
patens
found conserved sites in the H3 and H4 histone proteins and novel sites in H1, H2A and H2B histone proteins in
P
.
patens
. This is the first report on K
hib
post-translational modifications in plants, and the study provides a comprehensive profile of K
hib
sites in histone and non-histone proteins in
Physcomitrella patens
.
Journal Article
Metabarcoding analysis identifies high diversity of harmful algal bloom species in the coastal waters of the Beibu Gulf
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have occurred more frequently in recent years. In this study, to investigate their potential impact in the Beibu Gulf, short‐read and long‐read metabarcoding analyses were combined for annual marine phytoplankton community and HAB species identification. Short‐read metabarcoding showed a high level of phytoplankton biodiversity in this area, with Dinophyceae dominating, especially Gymnodiniales. Multiple small phytoplankton, including Prymnesiophyceae and Prasinophyceae, were also identified, which complements the previous lack of identifying small phytoplankton and those unstable after fixation. Of the top 20 phytoplankton genera identified, 15 were HAB‐forming genera, which accounted for 47.3%–71.5% of the relative abundance of phytoplankton. Based on long‐read metabarcoding, a total of 147 OTUs (PID > 97%) belonging to phytoplankton were identified at the species level, including 118 species. Among them, 37 species belonged to HAB‐forming species, and 98 species were reported for the first time in the Beibu Gulf. Contrasting the two metabarcoding approaches at the class level, they both showed a predominance of Dinophyceae, and both included high abundances of Bacillariophyceae, Prasinophyceae, and Prymnesiophyceae, but the relative contents of the classes varied. Notably, the results of the two metabarcoding approaches were quite different below the genus level. The high abundance and diversity of HAB species were probably due to their special life history and multiple nutritional modes. Annual HAB species variation revealed in this study provided a basis for evaluating their potential impact on aquaculture and even nuclear power plant safety in the Beibu Gulf. This study firstly combined both short‐read and long‐read metabarcoding analyses for annual marine phytoplankton community and harmful algal bloom species identification in the Beibu Gulf. Based on the high richness from short‐read and the high accuracy of species identification from long‐read, HAB species with high diversity and abundance were revealed. The metabarcoding analyses also make up the previous light microscopic method in identifying specific phytoplankton species, such as those with small‐size, those unstable after fixation, and those lack obvious morphological differences in the same genus.
Journal Article