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يعلمك المحادثات الأساسيةُ في الصين. يوضح العديد من مشاهد الحياة الواقعية في الصين. يساعدك في أن تصبح متحدثا طلقا.

The dynamics studies of the S+ + HD(v0 = 2, j0 = 0) → SD+/SH+ + H/D reaction have been carried out using time-dependent wave packet method based on the potential energy surface reported by Zhu et al. (Phys Chem Chem Phys 23:4757, 2021) in the collision energy that range up to 2.0 eV. Some dynamics properties are reported at state-to-state level of theory such as integral cross section, rovibrational state distribution of product and so on. The results indicated that the S+ + HD(v0 = 2, j0 = 0) → SD+ + H is the main reaction channel, which is consistent with previous theory and experiment studies. The differential cross section shows that the stripping mechanism dominates the SH+ + D channel due to the high J value. The backward scattering signals of the SD+ + H channel are mainly contributed by the first vibrational excited state of product.Graphical abstract

Aims/introduction Previous studies have found that miR‐4472 is overexpressed in the serum of individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which may participate in the process of obesity‐induced T2DM. However, a role for miR‐4472 in the process has not been demonstrated. Here, we aim to investigate whether the increased content of miR‐4472 in adipose tissue derived from exosomes inhibits glucose uptake in skeletal muscle by downregulating the expression of its target gene. Materials and methods In vitro C2C12 and 3T3‐L1 cells, and in vivo diet‐induced obesity mouse models and AT‐Dicer KO mice were used to assess the impact of miR‐4472 on glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. We also evaluated the effects of serum exosomes from normal and obese individuals on insulin sensitivity in mice and the expression of miR‐4472 and target genes in skeletal muscle. Results miR‐4472 exhibits a strong positive correlation with BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and FPG. The content of miR‐4472 derived from adipose tissue exosomes increases in the circulation in a state of obesity, which can induce insulin resistance by targeting the expression of MEF2D/GLUT4, inhibiting the glucose consumption and uptake ability of skeletal muscle cells. Both exosome inhibitors and miR‐4472 inhibitors can reverse the inhibitory effect of miR‐4472 on MEF2D/GLUT4 expression and glucose intake and uptake ability. Additionally, they can improve insulin resistance caused by increased miR‐4472 levels in mice with obesity. Conclusions Adipocyte exosome miR‐4472 inhibits glucose uptake in skeletal muscle through downregulating the expression of MEF2D/GLUT4. Adipocyte exosome miR‐4472 inhibits glucose uptake in skeletal muscle through downregulating the expression of MEF2D/GLUT4.

Smart grazing is a relatively difficult field of digital agriculture. Restricted by the geographical conditions of pastures, poor network infrastructure and low economic output, conventional IoT systems are difficult to apply in the field of grazing. In this paper, we propose the Space-Air-Ground integrated Grazing IoT(SAG-GIoT) system based on the background of yak grazing production in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and define three smart grazing management application scenarios: (1) daily grazing supervision, (2) UAV grazing, (3) searching for yaks. To this end, we have designed the three-tier technical architecture of SAG-GIoT, and developed collar, base station and grazing management system. We designed the all-terrain network service scheme with the BeiDou Satellite-Base Station Sender(BDS-BSS) and Small Base Stations(SBSs), and verified the daily grazing supervision test in long-term. UAV grazing test was carried out in pasture, and a flexible communication networking was realized through the UAV Based Sation(UAV-BS). With the guidance of UAV searching and APP positioning, taking Handled Base Stations(HBSs) in hand, we quickly and accurately find the lost yaks. SAG-GIoT system is characterized as low cost, flexible deployment and global service, and has broad application prospects. Article highlights SAG-GIoT system boosts yak herding efficiency on the Tibetan Plateau, which reduces the risk of livestock loss. Drones and satellite networks solve the problem of signal coverage in vast pastoral areas, which is expected be a universal network for wild. This system is efficient and feasible, with further cost reduction, it is expected to be widely applied and promoted in pastoral areas.

Objective The release of adipose tissue-derived miRNAs is increased under conditions of obesity, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. This study investigated whether obesity-induced increases in palmitic acid (PA) content could activate the NF-κB/endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) pathway and promote the expression and release of exosomal miRNAs in adipocytes. Methods Abdominal adipose tissue and serum samples were collected from normal weight individuals and people with obesity to clarify the correlation of serum PA content with NF-κB/ER stress and the release of exosomal miRNAs. NF-κB and ER stress were blocked in obese mice and in vitro cultured adipocytes to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms by which PA promotes the release of exosomal miRNAs.The morphology, particle size and distribution of the exosomes were observed via transmission electron microscopy and NTA. Results Accompanied by increased serum PA levels, the NF-κB/ER stress pathway was activated in the adipose tissue of people with obesity and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice; moreover, the levels of miRNAs in both adipose tissue and serum were increased. P-p65 (Bay11-7082) and ER stress (TUDCA) blockers significantly reduced the levels of miRNAs in abdominal adipose tissue and serum, decreased blood glucose levels, and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, high concentrations of PA activated the NF-κB/ER stress pathway and increased the expression and release of miRNAs in exosomes. P-p65 (Bay11-7082) and ER stress (TUDCA) blockers significantly reversed the increased release exosomal miRNAs cause by PA. Conclusions Obesity-induced increases in PA content increase the expression and release of miRNAs in adipocyte exosomes by activating the NF-κB/ER stress pathway.

Previous studies have explored the effects of time poverty and money worship on intertemporal decision making based on a resource scarcity perspective. However, how the pace of life affects intertemporal decision making has not been examined. Furthermore, manipulating time perceptions can influence intertemporal decision-making preferences. Based on the perspective of time perception differences, it remains unknown how views of time or temporal focus affect the intertemporal decision making of individuals with different pace of life. To address these issues, study 1 adopted a correlational study to initially explore the relationship between the pace of life and intertemporal decision making. Studies 2 and 3 used manipulation experiments to examine the effects of the pace of life and view of time and temporal focus and pace of life on intertemporal decision making. The results suggest that the faster the life pace, the more recent rewards are preferred. Views of time and temporal focus manipulations can influence the intertemporal decision making of faster-paced individuals, making them prefer smaller–sooner (SS) payoffs under a linear view of time or future temporal focus and larger–later (LL) payoffs under a circular view of time or past temporal focus. However, the manipulation does not affect the intertemporal decision of slower-paced individuals. Our study examined the effect of the pace of life on intertemporal decision making based on a resource scarcity perspective, and found boundary conditions for the influence of the view of time and temporal focus on intertemporal decision making based on the perspective of differences in people’s perception of time.

Objective In our previous study, we identified a notable increase in miR-548ag content after obesity, which contributes to the progression of Type 2 diabetes Mellitus(T2DM) through the up-regulation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4(DPP4) expression within the liver. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the upregulation of DPP4 by miR-548ag remain elusive. Mature miRNAs rich in GU sequences can activate the TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway, which transcriptionally activates DPP4 expression. Notably, the proportion of GU sequences in hsa-miR-548ag was found to be 47.6%. The study proposes a hypothesis suggesting that miR-548ag could potentially increase DPP4 expression in hepatocytes by activating the TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed normal chow diet (NCD, n  = 16) or high-fat diet (HFD, n  = 16) for 12 weeks. For a duration of 6 weeks, NCD mice received intraperitoneal injections of a miR-548ag mimic, while HFD mice and db/db mice ( n  = 16) were administered intraperitoneal injections of a miR-548ag inhibitor. qRT-PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the expression level of miR-548ag, DPP4 and the activation of TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway. HepG2 and L02 cells were transfected with miR-548ag mimic, miR-548ag inhibitor, TLR7/8 interfering fragment, and overexpression of miR-548ag while inhibiting TLR7/8, respectively. Results (1) We observed elevated levels of miR-548ag in the serum, adipose tissue, and liver of obese mice, accompanied by an upregulation of TLR7/8, pivotal protein in the NF-κB pathway, and DPP4 expression in the liver. (2) miR-548ag promotes DPP4 expression in hepatocytes via the TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway, resulting in a reduction in the glucose consumption capacity of hepatocytes. (3) The administration of a miR-548ag inhibitor enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. Conclusions MiR-548ag promotes the expression of DPP4 in hepatocytes by activating the TLR(7/8)/NF-κB signalling pathway. MiR-548ag may be a potential target for the treatment of T2DM.

   In order to stabilize the thermal field at solid/liquid (S/L) interface front micro region, a novel method for introducing direct current (DC) to the melt has been proposed. Based on the Joule heat effect, a micro heat source was introduced into the S/L interface front, and the melt temperature of interface front was increased, which was confirmed by the actual measured results. Furthermore, benefit from the optimized thermal field, the stability of the S/L interface during directional solidification (DS) was improved. It was conducive to the crystal growth of mono-like crystalline silicon and the regulation mechanism for DC on crystal growth was discussed. This technology overcomes the bottleneck of micro thermal field control, which is expected to achieve the adjustment of crystal growth for silicon, including mono-like crystalline silicon, cast multi-crystalline silicon, and Czochralski (Cz) single crystalline silicon.

Vaccination is effective to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, there is still a risk of infection after vaccination. In clinical work, we found that newborns were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) after vaccination. To determine the effect of hepatitis B vaccination on the detection of HBsAg trend in newborns. We collected data at birth, history of vaccination for hepatitis B, quantitative HBsAg results, and other information about newborns born in our hospital from July 2017 to July 2020. Serum samples from healthy neonates were randomly selected to be supplemented with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine on a concentration gradient, and HBsAg was measured quantitatively. Data from 1417 neonates were included in the study; 306 (21.6%) were HBsAg positive within 8 d after vaccination, with levels ranging from 0.104 IU/mL to 0.339 IU/mL. The proportion of neonates with HBsAg-positive serum was significantly correlated with the level of hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) in the serum of their mothers ( < 0.01). Experiments in vitro showed that the proportion of neonates with HBsAg-positive serum was correlated with the dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, and when the concentration of the hepatitis B vaccine reached 5 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL, the serum HBsAg levels showed a significant negative correlation with the original concentration of serum anti-HBs. Hepatitis B vaccination can affect the level of HBsAg detected in neonatal serum, and the effect could be mitigated by delaying the measurement. Moreover, maternal anti-HBs offset the effects of neonatal vaccination on HBsAg serum levels.