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"Yuan, Hong-Xia"
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A New Orthonairovirus Associated with Human Febrile Illness
In June 2019, a man presented with fever and severe illness in Inner Mongolia. An orthonairovirus was identified as a potential cause. This agent was identified in an additional 16 patients and was found in ticks.
Journal Article
5,2′‐dibromo‐2,4′,5′‐trihydroxydiphenylmethanone attenuates LPS‐induced inflammation and ROS production in EA.hy926 cells via HMBOX1 induction
Inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). 5,2′‐dibromo‐2,4′,5′‐trihydroxydiphenylmethanone (TDD), possess anti‐atherogenic properties; however, its underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to understand the therapeutic molecular mechanism of TDD in inflammatory response and oxidative stress in EA.hy926 cells. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of homeobox containing 1 (HMBOX1) was dramatically upregulated in TDD‐treated EA.hy926 cells. According to the gene ontology (GO) analysis of microarray data, TDD significantly influenced the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS); it suppressed the LPS‐induced adhesion of monocytes to EA.hy926 cells. Simultaneously, TDD dose‐dependently inhibited the production or expression of IL‐6, IL‐1β, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin as well as ROS in LPS‐stimulated EA.hy926 cells. HMBOX1 knockdown using RNA interference attenuated the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative effects of TDD. Furthermore, TDD inhibited LPS‐induced NF‐κB and MAPK activation in EA.hy926 cells, but this effect was abolished by HMBOX1 knockdown. Overall, these results demonstrate that TDD activates HMBOX1, which is an inducible protective mechanism that inhibits LPS‐induced inflammation and ROS production in EA.hy926 cells by the subsequent inhibition of redox‐sensitive NF‐κB and MAPK activation. Our study suggested that TDD may be a potential novel agent for treating endothelial cells dysfunction in AS.
Journal Article
Genetic diversity and expanded epidemic area of novel tick-borne pathogen wetland virus in ticks, wild and domestic animals, and patient in China
Wetland virus (WELV) is a recently identified segmented orthonairovirus associated with human febrile illness in northeastern China. To elucidate its ecological drivers and transmission patterns, we conducted multi-host surveillance in seven eco-climate regions across China through an integrated approach combining molecular and serological profiling. Over 33,000 questing and feeding ticks representing 11 species were systematically screened WELV-RNA alongside 1,493 wild small mammals, while 2,578 domestic animals and 3,921 patients presenting with outdoor field or tick exposure history underwent both WELV specific molecular and serological evaluation. WELV-RNA detection via real-time RT-PCR revealed low but widespread infection, including 0.54% (8/1,493) in wild rodents (
,
), 1.12% (29/2,578) in domestic animals, and 0.86% (275/33,091) in ticks, including five newly confirmed vector species. Serological analysis via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated 2.44% (63/2,578) IgG seroprevalence in livestock. Clinical surveillance identified acute WELV infections in 1.81% (71/3,921) of febrile patients, predominantly as monoinfections (77.46%, 55/71). Coinfected patients exhibited elevated disease severity markers, with hospitalization rates doubling compared to single-infection cases (87.50% vs. 36.36%). Spatiotemporal analysis showed spring-summer predominance of WELV for both ticks and human patients. Phylogenetic analyses revealed remarkable genetic conservation patterns of WELV strains across diverse hosts and tick vectors; and clustering across geographical regions. These findings establish WELV as an emerging tick-borne virus with trans-regional spread across heterogeneous landscapes in China. The intersecting transmission cycles among wildlife reservoirs, domestic amplifier hosts, and expanding tick vectors underscore the imperative for integrated surveillance strategies to mitigate this growing public health threat.
Journal Article
Genomic and Functional Analysis of Carbohydrate Esterases in the Maize Pathogen Exserohilum rostratum
Exserohilum rostratum is a causal agent of severe maize leaf spot, posing a threat to maize production. Carbohydrate esterase (CE) can catalyze the removal of acyl modifications from plant cell wall polysaccharides, thereby promoting polysaccharide hydrolysis. A total of 87 CE genes were identified in the E. rostratum ER1 genome. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the E. rostratum CE (ErCE) genes, including physicochemical properties, structural features, promoter cis-acting regulatory elements, and functional analysis. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that more than half of ErCEs were located extracellular. ErCEs contain abundant conserved domains, indicating functional diversity of these proteins. The promoter region of ErCE genes contains a rich variety of cis-acting regulatory elements related to plant hormone regulation, stress response, and developmental processes. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that ErCE genes are predominantly involved in metabolic pathways. In addition, the expression pattern revealed significant changes in ErCE genes during E. rostratum infection, indicating that they play an important role in pathogen invasion and lesion expansion. Overall, this study elucidated the structural characteristics and expression patterns of the CE genes in E. rostratum, providing conditions for further exploration of their roles in fungal pathogenesis and laying the foundation for the improvement of sustainable agricultural systems using related genes.
Journal Article
Hypothetical protein Cpn0423 triggers NOD2 activation and contributes to Chlamydia pneumoniae-mediated inflammation
Background
Chlamydia pneumoniae
(
C. pneumoniae)
is pathogenic to humans, by causing pulmonary inflammation or bronchitis in both adolescents and young adults. However, the molecular signals linking
C. pneumoniae
components to inflammation remain elusive. This study was to investigate the effect of Chlamydia-specific Cpn0423 of
C. pneumoniae
on
C. pneumoniae
-mediated inflammation.
Results
Cpn0423 was detected outside of
C. pneumoniae
inclusions, which induced production of several cytokines including macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and interleukins (ILs). Production of the Cpn0423-induced cytokines was markedly reduced in cells pretreated with NOD2-siRNA, but not with negative control oligonucleotides. Mice treated with Cpn0423 through intranasal administration exhibited pulmonary inflammation as evidenced by infiltration of inflammatory cells, increased inflammatory scores in the lung histology, recruitment of neutrophils and increased cytokines levels in the BALF.
Conclusion
Cpn0423 could be sensed by NOD2, which was identified as an essential element in a pathway contributing to the development of
C. pneumoniae
-mediated inflammation.
Journal Article
Analysis of research trends and development prospects of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators/activators: using bibliometric methods
The stimulation and activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) has been a prominent focus of study in recent years. Currently, sGC stimulators/activators have a wide range of applications in various fields. However, there remains a gap in bibliometric analysis on this topic. We aim to visualize the research hotspots and trends in the field of sGC stimulators or activators. This analysis can equip researchers to understand current findings and forecast future trends efficiently.
The researchers searched for publications on sGC stimulators or activators in Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on 22 July 2024. We then organized and analyzed the data using Microsoft Excel, online tool (Weishengxin), R, VOS viewer, and CiteSpace.
1,879 papers from WoSCC were gathered for analysis, comprising 1,582 articles and 297 reviews. The United States is the most productive country. And Germany stands out as the country with the most robust collaboration. The most productive institution is BAYER AG. Furthermore, the majority of journals with citation frequencies in the top 10 belong to Q1. The Professor Stasch, JP is the most prolific author and the top co-cited author. Currently, the influential keywords include \"riociguat\", \"outcome\", \"guanylate cyclase stimulator\", \"heart failure\", \"natriuretic peptide\", \"vericiguat\", \"reduced ejection fraction\", \"mortality\" and \"placebo\".
The future research hotspots will focus on the following aspects based on the current research hotspots: the safety verification of riociguat, the clinical efficacy of vericiguat for other types of heart failure, the role of praliciguat in diabetes nephropathy, and the efficacy and safety of newly discovered drugs. Furthermore, actively exploring new therapeutic directions for sGC stimulators or activators may also be an important trend in the future development of this field.
Journal Article
5,2′‐dibromo‐2,4′,5′‐trihydroxydiphenylmethanone attenuates LPS ‐induced inflammation and ROS production in EA .hy926 cells via HMBOX 1 induction
Inflammation and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) are important factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). 5,2′‐dibromo‐2,4′,5′‐trihydroxydiphenylmethanone ( TDD ), possess anti‐atherogenic properties; however, its underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to understand the therapeutic molecular mechanism of TDD in inflammatory response and oxidative stress in EA .hy926 cells. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of homeobox containing 1 ( HMBOX 1) was dramatically upregulated in TDD ‐treated EA .hy926 cells. According to the gene ontology ( GO ) analysis of microarray data, TDD significantly influenced the response to lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ); it suppressed the LPS ‐induced adhesion of monocytes to EA .hy926 cells. Simultaneously, TDD dose‐dependently inhibited the production or expression of IL ‐6, IL ‐1β, MCP ‐1, TNF ‐α, VCAM ‐1, ICAM ‐1 and E‐selectin as well as ROS in LPS ‐stimulated EA .hy926 cells. HMBOX 1 knockdown using RNA interference attenuated the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative effects of TDD . Furthermore, TDD inhibited LPS ‐induced NF ‐κB and MAPK activation in EA .hy926 cells, but this effect was abolished by HMBOX 1 knockdown. Overall, these results demonstrate that TDD activates HMBOX 1, which is an inducible protective mechanism that inhibits LPS ‐induced inflammation and ROS production in EA .hy926 cells by the subsequent inhibition of redox‐sensitive NF ‐κB and MAPK activation. Our study suggested that TDD may be a potential novel agent for treating endothelial cells dysfunction in AS.
Journal Article
Molecular characterisation of cereal cyst nematodes in winter wheat on the Huang-Huai floodplain of China using RFLP and rDNA-ITS sequence analyses
In response to the recent discovery of
Heterodera filipjevi
central Henan and the uncertain taxonomic status of
Heterodera avenae
more widely in China, heteroderid specimens from winter wheat at 21 locations in Henan and adjacent provinces were subjected to RFLP and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis.
H. filipjevi
was found in six locations in Henan, including two mixed with
H. avenae
;
H. avenae
being found at all other locations. A new RFLP profile type was found for
H. filipjevi
, three new types for
H. avenae
and the Australian type (
Heterodera australis
) were found for the first time in China (at two locations). Otherwise,
H. avenae
and
H. filipjevi
were of RFLP types previously reported in China. Phylogenic analysis of the rDNA sequences showed
H. filipjevi
in China was less diverse than
H. avenae
, with greatest similarity to specimens from Italy and the USA, which is consistent with a more recent introduction. In contrast,
H. avenae
in China was clearly distinct from
H. avenae
found elsewhere, except for the discovery of the Australian types. Although the Australian types clustered together, this fell within the variation found for the remainder of the specimens from China, which may represent a single species. These data reveal additional genetic diversity within the two cereal cyst nematode species in China, which is likely to have implications for the development of their control by host resistance.
Journal Article
Voltammetric behavior of ofloxacin and its determination using a multi-walled carbon nanotubes-Nafion film coated electrode
.
A rapid, sensitive and simple electrochemical method is developed for the determination of trace-level ofloxacin, based on the excellent properties of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The MWNT/Nafion film-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is constructed and the electrochemical behavior of ofloxacin at the electrode is investigated in detail. Compared with the poor electrochemical signal at the unmodified GCE, the electrochemical response of ofloxacin at the MWNT/Nafion film-coated GCE is greatly improved. The determination conditions, such as the amount of MWNT–Nafion suspension, the pH values of the supporting electrolyte, accumulation potential and time, as well as scan rate are optimized. Under the chosen conditions, the concentration of ofloxacin shows excellent linear relationships with the oxidation peak current in the range of 0.5–100 µmol L
−1
, with a low detection limit of 1 × 10
−7
mol L
−1
(
S
/
N
= 3) for 20 sec accumulation at −1.2 V. The proposed method has been successfully applied to determine ofloxacin in pharmaceuticals with excellent repeatability and higher sensitivity.
Journal Article