Explore the vast range of titles available.

Along with the wide application of intelligent systems in various fields, the combination of data fusion and knowledge graph has become the key to enhance the system’s problem solving capability. However, existing data fusion methods still face challenges when dealing with multi-source heterogeneous data, especially in how to effectively combine knowledge graph. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews existing data fusion methods based on knowledge graph and classifies them into three categories: fusion of raw data, fusion of raw data with knowledge graph, and fusion of knowledge graphs. Each category of methods is described and analyzed in detail by combining a general framework with specific examples. In addition, this paper also discusses the future research direction of data fusion based on knowledge graph, and analyzes the challenges and opportunities it faces. This paper provides a theoretical framework and practical guidance for the problem of multi-source heterogeneous data fusion, and provides methodological support for the development of intelligent systems.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is a promising solution to address global freshwater scarcity, with woody biomass-based evaporators standing out for their sustainability and cost-effectiveness. However, current woody biomass-based systems often suffer from inefficient water management and suboptimal photothermal performance. Herein, we develop a dual-function lignin-engineered reconstituted wood framework strategy, achieving both compositional and structural optimization of woody biomass to enhance its evaporation performance via water management and thermal management. By partially retaining and reconfiguring lignin within the woody biomass framework, a higher fraction of loosely bound “intermediate water” with reduced evaporation enthalpy is generated while preserving the water-pumping capability. Concurrently, the extracted lignin is upcycled via laser-induced graphitization into a broadband photothermal layer composed of hierarchical graphene/graphitic carbon structures with solar absorptivity exceeding 95%. This synergistic design results in the E-150 solar evaporator, which achieves an evaporation rate of 2.24 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and a photothermal conversion efficiency of 91.52% under one-sun irradiation, surpassing most reported wood-based evaporators. Moreover, the retained lignin sustains multiscale channel integrity, imparting strong salt resistance, high recyclability, and robust purification capabilities. This integrated biomass valorization strategy provides a scalable, low-cost, and eco-friendly route for high-performance solar desalination and sustainable water-energy applications. Biomass-based systems for solar evaporation are a promising sustainable method to address global freshwater scarcity; however, current systems are inefficient. Here, the authors report a dual-function lignin-engineered reconstituted wood framework for a biomass-based solar evaporator.

Intestinal flora dysbiosis is closely linked to colorectal cancer development, yet the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on the intestinal microbiota of patients with colorectal adenomas (CRA, a pre-cancerous lesion) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between SES and the composition as well as relative abundance of the intestinal microecosystem in CRA patients. This cross-sectional study recruited 92 CRA patients from March 2021 to March 2022 at Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China. Data collection included personal history questionnaires (to capture SES-related indicators) and fresh stool samples (for microbiota analysis). Latent class analysis (LCA) was utilized to categorize participants into distinct subgroups based on SES, which was defined by four key indicators: occupation, educational attainment, household income, and residential address. Beta (β)-diversity of the gut microbiota was evaluated using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). Generalized linear models (GLMs) were employed to explore the associations between SES subgroups, alpha (α)-diversity indices, and the relative abundance of specific gut microbial taxa. A significant difference in gut microbiota α-diversity was observed between high and low SES groups (Chao1 index, P  = 0.047), whereas no disparity in β-diversity was detected. Compared to lower SES participants, those with higher SES exhibited a nominally reduced relative abundance of Actinobacteria (β = -0.889, 95% CI: -1.630 to -0.148, P  = 0.019; q  =  0.076), a phylum with both beneficial (e.g., antibiotic production) and pathogenic species. In contrast, higher SES was associated with greater relative abundance of Lachnospira (β = 0.475, 95% CI: 0.027 to 0.924, P  = 0.038; q = 0.277) and Coprococcus (β = 0.565, 95% CI: 0.066 to 1.064, P  = 0.027; q = 0.277), two fiber-fermenting, short-chain fatty acid–producing genera implicated in maintaining intestinal health. However, none of these associations remained statistically significant after multiple-testing correction. Our study suggests a potential association between SES and gut microbiota in CRA patients: high SES may correlate with a microbial profile potentially favorable for colorectal health (enriched beneficial genera including Lachnospira and Coprococcus ). These observations may inform future interventions aimed at reducing intestinal microecological disparities in low-SES subgroups. However, none of the taxon-level associations remained statistically significant after false discovery rate correction; therefore, these findings should be considered exploratory. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to validate these preliminary associations and clarify the underlying mechanisms.  Trial registration and ethics approval : The trial registration number of this study is ChiCTR2100046390. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Nankai Hospital (No. NKYY_YXKT_IRB_2021_048_01). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment. Clinical trial number: not applicable. This study did not involve a clinical trial. “PERMANOVA18” refers to the statistical method and its corresponding reference, not a clinical trial registration number.

The raw-material mix ratio and preparation of similar materials are crucial for the success of physical model tests and for accurately reflecting prototype properties. In this study, an optimum similar material for plateau alluvial and lacustrine (PAL) round gravel was developed based on similarity theory. The similar materials were subjected to sensitivity factor analysis and microscopic analysis. Subsequently, the optimum similar material was applied to a three-dimensional (3D) physical model test of an ultradeep foundation pit (FP). The findings show that the similar material prepared with gypsum, LD, bentonite, water, barite powder, and DS at a ratio of 1:1:1.4:3.5:8.8:13.2 was the best for a 3D physical model test of the ultradeep FP in PAL round gravel strata. The sensitivity-factor analysis revealed that barite powder had the greatest impact on γ, that c and φ were primarily affected by bentonite, and that the LD–gypsum ratio controlled E. A nonuniform particle-size distribution as well as the presence of “edge-to-face” contacts and small pores between particles constituted the microphysical factors affecting the mechanical properties of the optimum similar material. Using dolomite with a Mohs hardness of 3.5–4 instead of traditional quartz sand with a Mohs hardness of 7 as the raw material can produce a similar material for the target soil with mechanical parameters closer to those of the ideal similar material. The application of the optimum similar material in physical model tests has revealed the stress field response law of ultra deep foundation pit excavation. This study could provide reference and inspiration for the development of similar materials in gravel formations with weaker mechanical properties.

Background Previous studies report that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells have enhanced trophic support and improved regenerative and repair properties. Extracellular vesicles secreted by synovial mesenchymal stem cells (EVs) can reduce cartilage damage caused by osteoarthritis (OA). Previous studies show that extracellular vesicles secreted by LPS-preconditioned synovial mesenchymal stem cells (LPS-pre EVs) can improve the response to treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). This study sought to explore effects of LPS-pre EVs on chondrocyte proliferation, migration, and chondrocyte apoptosis, as well as the protective effect of LPS-pre EVs on mouse articular cartilage. Methods Chondrocytes were extracted to explore the effect of LPS-pre EVs on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of chondrocytes. In addition, the effect of LPS-pre EVs on expression level of important proteins of chondrocytes was explored suing in vitro experiments. Further, intraarticular injection of LPS-pre EVs was performed on the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced mouse models of OA to explore the therapeutic effect of LPS-pre EVs on osteoarthritis in vivo. Results Analysis showed that LPS-pre EVs significantly promoted proliferation and migration of chondrocytes and inhibited the apoptosis of chondrocytes compared with PBS and EVs. Moreover, LPS-pre EVs inhibited decrease of aggrecan and COL2A1 and increase of ADAMTS5 caused by IL-1β through let-7b. Furthermore, LPS-pre EVs significantly prevented development of OA in DMM-induced mouse models of OA. Conclusions LPS pretreatment is an effective and promising method to improve therapeutic effect of extracellular vesicles secreted from SMSCs on OA.

Alterations in brain functional connectivity (FC) have been frequently reported in adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). However, there are few studies of dynamic FC analysis, which can provide information about fluctuations in neural activity related to cognition and behavior. The goal of the present study was therefore to investigate the dynamic aspects of FC in adolescent MDD patients. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 94 adolescents with MDD and 78 healthy controls. Independent component analysis, a sliding-window approach, and graph-theory methods were used to investigate the potential differences in dynamic FC properties between the adolescent MDD patients and controls. Three main FC states were identified, State 1 which was predominant, and State 2 and State 3 which occurred less frequently. Adolescent MDD patients spent significantly more time in the weakly-connected and relatively highly-modularized State 1, spent significantly less time in the strongly-connected and low-modularized State 2, and had significantly higher variability of both global and local efficiency, compared to the controls. Classification of patients with adolescent MDD was most readily performed based on State 1 which exhibited disrupted intra- and inter-network FC involving multiple functional networks. Our study suggests local segregation and global integration impairments and segregation-integration imbalance of functional networks in adolescent MDD patients from the perspectives of dynamic FC. These findings may provide new insights into the neurobiology of adolescent MDD.

Although altered reward sensitivity has been observed in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), the brain function findings related to reward processing remain unexplored and inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to identify brain activation alterations underlying reward anticipation in BD. A systematic literature research was conducted to identify fMRI studies of reward-relevant tasks performed by BD individuals. Using Anisotropic Effect Size Signed Differential Mapping, whole-brain and ROI of the ventral striatum (VS) coordinate-based meta-analyses were performed to explore brain regions showing anomalous activation in individuals with BD compared to healthy controls (HC), respectively. A total of 21 studies were identified in the meta-analysis, 15 of which were included in the whole-brain meta-analysis and 17 in the ROI meta-analysis. The whole-brain meta-analysis revealed hypoactivation in the bilateral angular gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus during reward anticipation in individuals with BD compared to HC. No significant activation differences were observed in bilateral VS between two groups by whole-brain or ROI-based meta-analysis. Individuals with BD type I and individuals with euthymic BD showed altered activation in prefrontal, angular, fusiform, middle occipital gyrus, and striatum. Hypoactivation in the right angular gyrus was positively correlated with the illness duration of BD. The present study reveals the potential neural mechanism underlying impairment in reward anticipation in BD. Some clinical features such as clinical subtype, mood state, and duration of illness confound the underlying neurobiological abnormality reward anticipation in BD. These findings may have implications for identifying clinically relevant biomarkers to guide intervention strategies for BD.

The neuroanatomical alteration in bipolar II depression (BDII-D) and its associations with inflammation, childhood adversity, and psychiatric symptoms are currently unclear. We hypothesize that neuroanatomical deficits will be related to higher inflammation, greater childhood adversity, and worse psychiatric symptoms in BDII-D. Voxel- and surface-based morphometry was performed using the CAT toolbox in 150 BDII-D patients and 155 healthy controls (HCs). Partial Pearson correlations followed by multiple comparison correction was used to indicate significant relationships between neuroanatomy and inflammation, childhood adversity, and psychiatric symptoms. Compared with HCs, the BDII-D group demonstrated significantly smaller gray matter volumes (GMVs) in frontostriatal and fronto-cerebellar area, insula, rectus, and temporal gyrus, while significantly thinner cortices were found in frontal and temporal areas. In BDII-D, smaller GMV in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) was correlated with greater sexual abuse ( = -0.348, < 0.001) while larger GMV in the right orbital MFG was correlated with greater physical neglect ( = 0.254, = 0.03). Higher WBC count ( = -0.227, = 0.015) and IL-6 levels ( = -0.266, = 0.015) was associated with smaller GMVs in fronto-cerebellar area in BDII-D. Greater positive symptoms was correlated with larger GMVs of the left middle temporal pole ( = 0.245, = 0.03). Neuroanatomical alterations in frontostriatal and fronto-cerebellar area, insula, rectus, temporal gyrus volumes, and frontal-temporal thickness may reflect a core pathophysiological mechanism of BDII-D, which are related to inflammation, trauma, and psychiatric symptoms in BDII-D.

Anchoring is a highly effective means to reinforce jointed rock masses. In addition to the axial force from the anchor bolt, the effect of its transverse force in constraining the displacement of the structural plane cannot be ignored. Thus, this paper studies the combined action of the axial and shear forces of an anchor bolt on enhancing the shear strength of the anchored joint. In this work, first, laboratory direct shear tests are conducted to study the evolution of the peak shear strength of the anchored joint with increasing angle between the shear direction and bolt inclination. Second, to further verify this trend, numerical simulation with the finite difference method is used to simulate the same direct shear tests to reveal the lateral and axial stresses and deformations of the bolt. Finally, according to classical beam theory, the mechanical analysis model of a bolt subjected to the combined action of axial tension and lateral shear is established, which takes the realistic stress and deformation patterns of the bolt from the numerical simulation into account. The results show that the lateral restraint of the bolt plays a significant role in the shear strength of the anchored joint, its enhancing effect first increases and then decreases with increasing installation angle, and the optimal installation angle providing the maximum shear strength is approximately 60°. In addition, it is concluded that the shear resistance of the bolt is mainly due to its axial force when the installation angle is relatively small; conversely, the shear resistance of the bolt is mainly due to its shear force when the installation angle is relatively large.HighlightsA new approach for calculating the anchoring force considering the combined action of the transverse restraint and axial restraint of the bolt is presented.A calculation method for the optimal anchoring angle is presented, and its value is suggested to be approximately 60° in this study.The contribution rates of the axial force and tangential force to the anchoring force are not equal and vary with the change in the anchoring angle.

Rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) is a malignancy cancer with the high morbidity and motility worldwide. Our study aimed to explore the potential pathogenesis of READ through integrated analysis of gene expression profiling and DNA methylation data. The miRNA, mRNA expression profiling and corresponding DNA methylation data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed mRNAs/ miRNAs/methylated regions (DEmRNA/DEmiRNAs) were identified in READ. The negatively correlation of DEmiRNA-DEmRNAs and DNA methylation-DEmRNAs were obtained. DEmRNAs expression was validated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and microarray expression profiling analyses. 1192 dysregulated DEmRNAs, 27 dysregulated DEmiRNAs and 6403 aberrant methylation CpG sites were screened in READ compared to normal controls. 1987 negative interaction pairs among 27 DEmiRNAs and 668 DEmRNAs were predicted. 446 genes with aberrant methylation were annotated. Eventually, 50 DEmRNAs (39 down- and 11 up-regulated DEmRNAs) with hypermethylation, synchronously negatively targeted by DEmiRNAs, were identified through the correlation analysis among 446 genes with aberrant methylation and 668 DEmRNAs. 50 DEmRNAs were significantly enriched in cAMP signaling pathway, circadian entrainment and glutamatergic synapse. The validation results of expression levels of DEmRNAs through qRT-PCR and microarray analyses were compatible with our study. 7 genes of SORCS1, PDZRN4, LONRF2, CNGA3, HAND2, RSPO2 and GNAO1 with hypermethylation and negatively regulation by DEmiRNAs might contribute to the tumorigenesis of READ. Our work might provide valuable foundation for the READ in mechanism elucidation, early diagnosis and therapeutic target identification.