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"Yuan, Yang"
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Private revolutions : coming of age in a new China
This is a book about the coming of age of four women born in China in the 1980s and 1990s, dreaming of better futures. It is about Leiya, who wants to escape the fate of the women in her village. Still underage, she bluffs her way on to the factory floor. It is about June, who at fifteen sets what her family thinks is an impossible goal: to attend university rather than raise pigs. It is about Siyue, ranked second-to-bottom of her English class, who decides to prove her teachers wrong. And it is about Sam, who becomes convinced that the only way to change her country is to become an activist - even as the authorities slowly take her peers from the streets. With unprecedented access to the lives, hopes, homes, dreams and diaries of four ordinary women over a period of six years, 'Private Revolutions' gives a voice to those whose stories go untold.
Book
Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses on Lianhua Qingwen capsule indicate Akt1 is a potential target to treat and prevent COVID‐19
Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is rapidly spreading worldwide. Lianhua Qingwen capsule (LQC) has shown therapeutic effects in patients with COVID‐19. This study is aimed to discover its molecular mechanism and provide potential drug targets. Materials and Methods An LQC target and COVID‐19–related gene set was established using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and seven disease‐gene databases. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network were performed to discover the potential mechanism. Molecular docking was performed to visualize the patterns of interactions between the effective molecule and targeted protein. Results A gene set of 65 genes was generated. We then constructed a compound‐target network that contained 234 nodes of active compounds and 916 edges of compound‐target pairs. The GO and KEGG indicated that LQC can act by regulating immune response, apoptosis and virus infection. PPI network and subnetworks identified nine hub genes. The molecular docking was conducted on the most significant gene Akt1, which is involved in lung injury, lung fibrogenesis and virus infection. Six active compounds of LQC can enter the active pocket of Akt1, namely beta‐carotene, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin and wogonin, thereby exerting potential therapeutic effects in COVID‐19. Conclusions The network pharmacological strategy integrates molecular docking to unravel the molecular mechanism of LQC. Akt1 is a promising drug target to reduce tissue damage and help eliminate virus infection. A Lianhua Qingwen capsule (LQC) target and COVID‐19 related gene set is established to construct compound‐target pharmacology network. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicate the regulating effect of LQC on apoptosis, antivirus, immune defense, and inflammatory response. Protein‐protein interaction network and critical subnetworks are constructed to identify hub gene target. The most significant gene, Akt 1, is selected to perform molecular docking with active compounds of LQC. Six compounds are finally recognized as potential anti‐COVID‐19 agents.
Journal Article
شينجيانغ جسر آسيا وأوربا
يجمع الكتاب بين النصوص والصور، ويستعرض الكتاب صورة انفتاح شينجيانغ على العالم استعراضا حيا استنادا على مجموعة كبيرة من الأمثلة الحية والبيانات التفصيلية، ويتناول الكتاب بصورة شاملة كيفية استغلال شينجيانغ لمزاياها الإقليمية، كما يعرض الكتاب دور شينجيانغ الكبير باعتبارها جسر التواصل بين آسيا وأوروبا من خلال معارضها وموانيها وجذب رؤوس الأموال والتعاون وغيرها من الأشكال، وبالتالي حققت طفرة اقتصادية كبيرة.
Book
Implications of Narrow Spectra of Fast Radio Bursts
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients with extremely high brightness temperatures at cosmological distances, and the physical origin and the radiation mechanism of FRBs are still unknown. The observed spectral bandwidth of some FRBs appeared narrow compared with their peak frequencies, which could be used to constrain the radiation mechanism and the astrophysical environment of FRBs. In this work, we investigate some of the possible physical origins of the narrow spectra from the perspectives of intrinsic radiation mechanisms, coherent processes, radiative transfers, and interference processes. We find that: (1) If the observed narrow spectra of FRBs are attributed to the intrinsic radiation mechanism by a single charged particle, the particle’s deflection angle should be much smaller than the radiation beaming angle. (2) Coherent process can cause narrow spectra. For the bunching mechanism, the narrow spectra might arise from the radiating bunches with a quasiperiodic distribution. For the maser mechanism, the negative absorption process can naturally cause a narrow spectrum. (3) Most absorption and scattering processes seem not to significantly change the observed spectra based on the current observation of some FRB repeaters. (4) Scintillation and plasma lensing in the FRB source environment can modulate the spectra, leading to the narrow spectra and the burst-to-burst variation of spectra. A planet-like object can generate the spectral modulation via gravitational lensing at the gigahertz band, but the observed burst-to-burst variation of the spectra does not support this scenario.
Journal Article
Ancient city walls in China : a heritage rediscovered
\"In numerous civilizations throughout world history city walls were an indispensable part of every city. In China they can be traced back to the 21th century BC as fortified symbols of power and manifestation of the Middle Kingdom. In the course of the country's long history several thousand have been erected, varying enormously in form, length, construction technology, functionality and significance. These city walls represent a unique heritage and a central identification factor from which to gain access to the self-image of Chinese culture. After years of decay and ignorance, it was only a few decades ago that they were discovered as cultural monuments and the securing and restoration work began. The city walls recorded in the statistics today, of which a selection is presented in this book by new and historic photos, range from wall ruins in the ground via about 150 with a length of more than one kilometer to the famous fortification of Nanjing, which still has more than 20 kilometers standing.\" -- amazon
Book
The renal pelvis urobiome in the unilateral kidney stone patients revealed by 2bRAD-M
Background
The pathogenesis of kidney stone disease (KSD) is not fully understood, and potential contributing factors remain to be explored. Several studies have revealed that the urinary microbiome (urobiome) of stone formers was distinct from that of healthy individuals using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, most of which only provided microbial identification at the genus level. 2bRAD sequencing for Microbiome (2bRAD-M) is a novel sequencing technique that enables accurate characterization of the low-biomass microbiome at the species resolution. We aimed to apply 2bRAD-M to profile the renal pelvis urobiome of unilateral kidney stone patients and compared the urobiome with and without stone(s).
Method
A total of 30 patients with unilateral stones were recruited, and their renal pelvis urine from both sides was collected. A ureteroscope was inserted into the renal pelvis with stone(s) and a ureteral catheter was placed into the ureteroscope to collect renal pelvis urine. This procedure was repeated again with new devices to collect the urine of the other side. 2bRAD-M was performed to characterize the renal pelvis urobiome of unilateral stone formers to explore whether microbial differences existed between the stone side and the non-stone side.
Results
The microbial community composition of the stone side was similar to that of the non-stone side. Paired comparison showed that
Corynebacterium
was increased and
Prevotella
and
Lactobacillus
were decreased in the stone side. Four species (
Prevotella bivia, Lactobacillus iners, Corynebacterium aurimucosum, and Pseudomonas sp_286
) were overrepresented in the non-stone side. 24 differential taxa were also identified between two groups by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Extensive and close connections among genera and species were observed in the correlation analysis. Moreover, a random forest classifier was constructed using specific enriched species, which can distinguish the stone side from the non-stone side with an accuracy of 71.2%.
Conclusion
This first 2bRAD-M microbiome survey gave an important hint towards the potential role of urinary dysbiosis in KSD and provided a better understanding of mechanism of stone formation.
Journal Article
Synergy of Pd atoms and oxygen vacancies on In2O3 for methane conversion under visible light
Methane (CH
4
) oxidation to high value chemicals under mild conditions through photocatalysis is a sustainable and appealing pathway, nevertheless confronting the critical issues regarding both conversion and selectivity. Herein, under visible irradiation (420 nm), the synergy of palladium (Pd) atom cocatalyst and oxygen vacancies (OVs) on In
2
O
3
nanorods enables superior photocatalytic CH
4
activation by O
2
. The optimized catalyst reaches ca. 100 μmol h
−1
of C1 oxygenates, with a selectivity of primary products (CH
3
OH and CH
3
OOH) up to 82.5%. Mechanism investigation elucidates that such superior photocatalysis is induced by the dedicated function of Pd single atoms and oxygen vacancies on boosting hole and electron transfer, respectively. O
2
is proven to be the only oxygen source for CH
3
OH production, while H
2
O acts as the promoter for efficient CH
4
activation through ·OH production and facilitates product desorption as indicated by DFT modeling. This work thus provides new understandings on simultaneous regulation of both activity and selectivity by the synergy of single atom cocatalysts and oxygen vacancies.
CH4 oxidation to high value chemicals under mild conditions through photocatalysis confronts critical issues regarding both conversion and selectivity. Here, atomic Pd and oxygen vacancies were integrated on In2O3 nanorods, leading to visible-driven CH4 conversion with a remarkable yield of oxygenates and high selectivity of primary products.
Journal Article
التخفيف من حدة الفقر في الصين المعاصرة
استنادا إلى نظرة عامة على أوضاع الفقر، يقدم هذا الكتاب مسار التخفيف من حدة الفقر والتنمية في الصين، ويشرح نموذج التنمية والتخفي من حدة الفقر بخصائص صينية والتمسك بمباديء (سيطرة الحكومة ومشاركة المجتمع والاعتماد على الذات والتنمية الموجهة والتنمية الشاملة) كما يقدم الكتاب تلخيصا شاملا لإنجازات الصين العظيمة وخبراتها الهامة وإسهاماتها الرئيسية في قضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم، ويعرض بإيجاز نظرات وممارسات التخفيف المستهدف من الفقر في العصر الجديد من أجل توفير مراجع لكسب المعركة ضد الفقر في الصين وقضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم.
Book
Microglia exacerbate white matter injury via complement C3/C3aR pathway after hypoperfusion
Microglial activation participates in white matter injury after cerebral hypoperfusion. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we explore whether activated microglia aggravate white matter injury via complement C3-C3aR pathway after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 80) underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 7, 14, and 28 days. Cerebral vessel density and blood flow were examined by synchrotron radiation angiography and three-dimensional arterial spin labeling. Neurobehavioral assessments, CLARITY imaging, and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate activation of microglia and C3-C3aR pathway. Furthermore, C3aR knockout mice were used to establish the causal relationship of C3-C3aR signaling on microglia activation and white matter injury after hypoperfusion.
: Cerebral vessel density and blood flow were reduced after hypoperfusion (
0.05). Spatial learning and memory deficits and white matter injury were shown (
0.05). These impairments were correlated with aberrant microglia activation and an increase in the number of reactive microglia adhering to and phagocytosed myelin in the hypoperfusion group (
0.05), which were accompanied by the up-regulation of complement C3 and its receptors C3aR (
0.05). Genetic deletion of
significantly inhibited aberrant microglial activation and reversed white matter injury after hypoperfusion (
0.05). Furthermore, the C3aR antagonist SB290157 decreased the number of microglia adhering to myelin (
0.05), attenuated white matter injury and cognitive deficits in chronic hypoperfusion rats (
0.05).
: Our results demonstrated that aberrant activated microglia aggravate white matter injury via C3-C3aR pathway during chronic hypoperfusion. These findings indicate C3aR plays a critical role in mediating neuroinflammation and white matter injury through aberrant microglia activation, which provides a novel therapeutic target for the small vessel disease and vascular dementia.
Journal Article