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This paper introduces a simulated grounded inductor (SGI) circuit realization based on two terminal active devices, namely negative impedance converters. The proposed SGI contains a minimum number of passive components when compared to its two terminal active device-based realization counterparts in the literature. It includes a grounded capacitor that is an advantage in integrated circuit process. Nonetheless, a single resistive matching constraint is needed for its realization. SPICE simulations are performed with 0.13 µm CMOS IBM technology parameters with supply voltages of ± 0.75 V. Also, an experimental study is included to verify the theory.

To investigate the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth. Data was retrospectively collected from hospital record between February 2018 and November 2022. Pregnant women (n = 78) with a single pregnancy between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation, presented with labor pain, and had regular uterine contractions (threatened preterm labor - TPL) were included. Patients delivered within the first week after TPL were included in group 1 (n = 40) and who delivered after in group 2 (n = 38). Two groups were investigated for NLR and PLR values. The median cervical length among women who gave birth within a week was significantly lower (24.5 versus 30.0 p < 0.001). The median neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio among women who gave birth within a week was significantly higher (6.4 versus 4.5 p < 0.001). The median platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio among women who gave birth within a week was significantly higher (151 versus 131 p < 0.001). The cut-off values to predict preterm birth were >5 for NLR (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 92.1%), >139 for PLR (sensitivity: 97.5%, specificity: 100%). NLR and PLR values predict spontaneous preterm birth with high sensitivity and specificity. By predicting preterm birth, the pregnancy process can be managed sensitively and smoothly.

In this paper, a voltage-mode full-wave rectifier circuit is proposed. The proposed full-wave rectifier circuit consists of only a single negative-type second-generation current conveyor, two diodes, and two matched resistors. The proposed circuit, without requiring any external bias voltages and currents, has a simple structure using a minimum number of active and passive components. It is implemented with AMS 0.35 /rm technology operating with ±1.65 V. Computer simulation and experimental results are included to verify the theory.

In this paper, a new Voltage-Mode (VM) first-order All-Pass Filter (APF) topology composed of only a grounded capacitor is proposed. The proposed APF uses a single, minus-type, second-generation, current conveyor (CCII-), which can be constructed by only five MOS transistors. It has low power consumption. The resonance frequency of the proposed APF can be adjusted by changing only a resistor value. However, it needs a single matching condition. As an application, a quadrature oscillator example is given. A non-ideality analysis for the proposed APF is also given. A number of time domain and frequency domain simulation results and an experimental test result are included to confirm the theory.

This article relates to a recently published paper, which presents a current-mode second- order universal filter for realising lowpass, bandpass and highpass responses. This filter employs two secondgeneration current controlled conveyors (CCCII) and two capacitors. It is shown that this circuit is not new, simply derived from another filter proposed in, employing CCCIIs instead of second-generation current conveyors (CCII). It is well known that if a circuit employs CCIIs and all resistors are connected in series to the X terminals of the CCIIs, the CCIIs can be replaced by CCCIIs to obtain electronic tunability, and the resistors can be removed by accommodating them in the intrinsic resistances of the CCCIIs.

AimTo evaluate the effects of the etonogestrel contraceptive implant (Implanon®) on bone metabolism in lactating women using markers for bone formation and resorption.Study designThis single-centre, prospective cohort study was conducted in Turgut Ozal University Medical Faculty Obstetrics and Gynecology Department with healthy lactating women aged between 24 and 38 years to compare the effect on bone metabolism of 6 months’ use of either the implant or a non-hormonal contraceptive method. The study group (n=25) used an implant and the control group (n=25) used a non-hormonal contraceptive intrauterine device inserted 40 days’ postpartum. Bone metabolism differences at the time of insertion and after 6 months were assessed quantitatively by biochemical analysis of serum and urine samples.ResultsAt baseline, serum levels of bone metabolism parameters were similar for the two groups. In the implant group, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels decreased (p=0.004) and total protein levels increased (p=0.045) at 6 months. In the control group, serum levels of bone metabolism parameters did not change at 6 months compared to baseline. However, serum levels of phosphorus (p=0.013) and ALP (p=0.003) decreased at 6 months compared to baseline.ConclusionSix months’ postpartum use of Implanon was found to have no deleterious impact on bone turnover in healthy lactating women.

Gundelia asperrima(Trautv.) Çakilcioğlu, Yüce & Vitek is a distinct taxon that merits the rank of species. The characters and the distribution are discussed.

The status ofGundelia glabraMiller is clarified, a neotype is chosen, the characters and the distribution of the species are discussed. Der Status vonGundelia glabrawird geklärt, ein Neotypus ausgewählt. Die Merkmale und das Verbreitungsgebiet dieser Art werden diskutiert.

We describe novel optical switching schemes operating at femtosecond time scales by employing free carrier (FC) excitation. Such unprecedented switching times are made possible by spatially patterning the density of the excited FCs. In the first realization, we rely on diffusion, i.e., on the nonlocality of the FC nonlinear response of the semiconductor, to erase the initial FC pattern and, thereby, eliminate the reflectivity of the system. In the second realization, we erase the FC pattern by launching a second pump pulse at a controlled delay. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the proposed approaches and demonstrate their potential applicability for switching ultrashort pulses propagating in silicon waveguides. We show switching efficiencies of up to \\(50\\%\\) for \\(100\\) fs pump pulses, which is an unusually high level of efficiency for such a short interaction time, a result of the use of the strong FC nonlinearity. Due to limitations of saturation and pattern effects, these schemes can be employed for switching applications that require femtosecond features but standard repetition rates. Such applications include switching of ultrashort pulses, femtosecond spectroscopy (gating), time-reversal of short pulses for aberration compensation, and many more. This approach is also the starting point for ultrafast amplitude modulations and a new route toward the spatio-temporal shaping of short optical pulses.