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Objective: To evaluation the clinical efficacy and safety of bronchial artery chemoembolization (BACE) combined with apatinib for treatment of advanced central lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods: Forty-seven patients with pathologically diagnosed stage IIIB or IV central LSCC that was not resectable were selected among hospital patients presenting after November 2016. Twenty-one patients were treated with BACE combined with apatinib; the remaining patients served as a control group treated with BACE alone. Objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were evaluated with postoperative contrast-enhanced CT scans at 3, 6, and 12 months. Progression-free survival (PFS) curves were used to evaluate curative effects. Adverse events were recorded to assess safety. Results: BACE operations were successfully completed in all 47 patients. Significant differences were found at six and 12 months (P < 0.05). Median PFS was 322 days in the observation group and 209 days in the control group: a statistically significant difference (P = 0.042). One-year survival rates were 76.19% and 46.15% for observation and control patients, respectively; this difference was also significant (P = 0.037). Three patients in the observation group received emergency interventional embolization for hemoptysis, and patients with grade III or greater adverse reaction events (AE) accounted for 19.05% of patients (4/21); these subjects improved or were controlled after active treatment. Conclusion: BACE combined with apatinib is effective for treatment of advanced central LSCC, with definite short-term efficacy, controllable risk, and high safety. Investigation with a larger sample size is warranted to confirm study results.

Background Microenvironment-driven drug resistance is a principal barrier to durable response after transarterial chemoembolisation, ablation or radioembolisation for hepatocellular carcinoma, yet the global structure of scholarship linking these domains remains undefined. This bibliometric analysis mapped 25-year publication trends, thematic evolution and collaboration networks at the intersection of interventional oncology, tumour microenvironment and therapeutic resistance. Methods Web of Science Core Collection was searched (1 January 2000–31 December 2024) for records simultaneously referencing liver cancer, interventional therapy, microenvironmental descriptors and resistance terms. After dual-review screening, 939 articles and reviews were retained. Annual output, citation impact and Bradford-zone distributions were generated with bibliometrix 4.2.1. Bradford-zone analysis refers to the distribution of journal productivity, with journals in the first zone representing core literature, and those in subsequent zones reflecting peripheral or niche studies. This method helps assess the concentration of research in key journals and identifies areas of growth in the literature; co-authorship, journal-coupling and keyword-co-occurrence networks were rendered in VOSviewer 1.6.20. Workflow reproducibility was confirmed on a 5% subsample and by comparing fractional with full counting. Results Yearly publications rose from two in 2000 to 130 in 2024, amassing 36 095 citations (mean 38.4 per item). Output spikes in 2013, 2019 and 2021 paralleled seminal reports on hypoxia-driven angiogenesis, CAF activation, and COVID-19-related endothelial dysfunction. The pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19-induced endothelial injury, including cytokine-mediated endothelial dysfunction, have been implicated in compromising loco-regional therapies, contributing to resistance mechanisms that affect the efficacy of embolic treatments. China produced 47.3% of documents and sat at the nexus of global collaboration, with prominent links to the United States, Japan and South Korea. Cancer Research, Hepatology and Journal of Hepatology led citation rankings. Keyword overlays revealed a chronological shift from procedure-centric terms to microenvironmental and immunologic nodes—“angiogenesis”, “immune checkpoint”, “nanoparticles”—after 2017. Trend-topic mapping documented a transition from device optimisation toward mechanism-informed combination regimens incorporating anti-VEGF or PD-1 blockade. Conclusion Research on microenvironment-mediated resistance in interventional liver-cancer therapy has expanded rapidly and pivoted toward molecularly targeted, immune-augmented strategies, driven chiefly by high-volume Chinese centres and trans-Pacific partnerships. Priorities now include single-cell analytics, radiomics-guided adaptive embolisation and multinational trials of combination therapy.

To evaluation the clinical efficacy and safety of bronchial artery chemoembolization (BACE) combined with apatinib for treatment of advanced central lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Forty-seven patients with pathologically diagnosed stage IIIB or IV central LSCC that was not resectable were selected among hospital patients presenting after November 2016. Twenty-one patients were treated with BACE combined with apatinib; the remaining patients served as a control group treated with BACE alone. Objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were evaluated with postoperative contrast-enhanced CT scans at 3, 6, and 12 months. Progression-free survival (PFS) curves were used to evaluate curative effects. Adverse events were recorded to assess safety. BACE operations were successfully completed in all 47 patients. Significant differences were found at six and 12 months (P < 0.05). Median PFS was 322 days in the observation group and 209 days in the control group: a statistically significant difference (P 0.042). One-year survival rates were 76.19 and 46.15 for observation and control patients, respectively; this difference was also significant (P 0.037). Three patients in the observation group received emergency interventional embolization for hemoptysis, and patients with grade III or greater adverse reaction events (AE) accounted for 19.05 of patients (4/21); these subjects improved or were controlled after active treatment. BACE combined with apatinib is effective for treatment of advanced central LSCC, with definite short-term efficacy, controllable risk, and high safety. Investigation with a larger sample size is warranted to confirm study results.

In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were obtained by chemical pretreatment using a rubberwood substrate. Different forms of drying were used to prepare three CNF film variants. Each of the films was rehydrated and hot-pressed to introduce more hydrogen bonds, and the films were characterized in terms of density and porosity, micromorphology, and mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the films improved substantially after rehydration and hot-press drying. The tensile strengths of the films increased to approximately two to three times that of the original CNF films. These results with micromorphological observations suggest that adjusting the water content during CNF drying can significantly improve the formation of 3D networks in the films, thus imparting higher hydrogen bonding content to the films and improving the mechanical properties of the substrates. This study provides a theoretical basis for the formation of high-strength materials through water molecule-induced assembly and broadens the application of biomass cellulose materials in emerging fields.

In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were obtained by chemical pretreatment using a rubberwood substrate. Different forms of drying were used to prepare three CNF film variants. Each of the films was rehydrated and hot-pressed to introduce more hydrogen bonds, and the films were characterized in terms of density and porosity, micromorphology, and mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the films improved substantially after rehydration and hot-press drying. The tensile strengths of the films increased to approximately two to three times that of the original CNF films. These results with micromorphological observations suggest that adjusting the water content during CNF drying can significantly improve the formation of 3D networks in the films, thus imparting higher hydrogen bonding content to the films and improving the mechanical properties of the substrates. This study provides a theoretical basis for the formation of high-strength materials through water molecule-induced assembly and broadens the application of biomass cellulose materials in emerging fields.