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PurposeRecent studies have revealed the impact of spinopelvic factors on the risk of dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study examined the risk factors of impingement that can lead to dislocation using pre- and postoperative spinopelvic radiographs.MethodsWe studied 143 consecutive patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis who were eligible for THA at our institute. Pre-operative pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA) in the standing and sitting position, and centre-edge angle (CE) were measured. The post-operative SS, LL, SVA, femoral shaft angle, and radiographic alignment of the acetabular component were also measured. We performed a multiple linear regression analysis to determine the risk factors for anterior and posterior impingement using pre-operative demographic and radiographic parameters. The clearance of anterior and posterior implant impingement was used for the surrogate-dependent variable for dislocation.ResultsA total of 95 patients were included in the analysis. There were significant differences in SS, LL, and SVA between the standing and sitting positions (P < 0.001). A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the PI–LL, LL changes, and CE were associated with the posterior impingement (β = − 0.21, 0.24, and −0.27, respectively). Moreover, PI–LL was also associated with the anterior impingement in the sitting position (β = − 0.27).ConclusionOur results suggest that a flatback with a rigid spine leads to posterior impingement, and a well-balanced spine leads to anterior impingement, which can be a potential risk factor for dislocation.

In COPD, exacerbation of the disorder causes a deterioration in the quality-of-life and worsens respiratory dysfunction, leading to a poor prognosis. In recent years, nutritional indices have been reported as significant prognostic factors in various chronic diseases. However, the relationship between nutritional indicators and prognosis in elderly subjects with COPD has not been investigated. We enrolled 91 subjects who received COPD assessment tests (CAT), spirometry, blood tests, and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). We divided the subjects into two groups according to age (<75 years (n=57) and ≥ 75 years (n=34)). The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was used to assess immune-nutritional status and was calculated as 10 x serum albumin + 0.005 x total lymphocyte count. We then examined the relationship between PNI and clinical parameters, including exacerbation events. There was no significant correlation between the PNI and CAT, the FEV %pred, or low attenuation volume percentage (LAV%). In the elderly group, there were significant differences between the groups with or without exacerbation in the CAT and PNI ( =0.008, =0.004, respectively). FEV %pred, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and LAV% did not differ between the two groups. The analytical model combining CAT and PNI improved the prediction of exacerbations in the elderly subjects ( =0.0068). In elderly subjects with COPD, CAT were associated significantly with the risk of COPD exacerbation, with PNI also a potential predictor. The combined assessment of CAT and PNI may be a useful prognostic tool in subjects with COPD.

The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the efficacy of stylet angulation at the holding position during tracheal intubation with a McGRATH MAC videolaryngoscope. Patients were randomized to a group for intubation without stylet angulation at the holding position (non-angulation group) and to a group for intubation with stylet angulation at the holding position (angulation group). The primary outcome was the time for placement of the tracheal tube. Sixty patients were analyzed. The mean (standard deviation) times for tube placement were 21.3 (5.6) s in the non-angulation group and 16.9 (3.8) s in the angulation group ( P  < 0.001). The scores of operator's perception of difficulty in tube delivery, number of attempts for tube delivery, and degrees of extension, abduction, internal rotation of the right upper arm and extension of the right wrist during tube placement in the angulation group were significantly smaller than those in the non-angulation group ( P  < 0.001, P  = 0.002, P  < 0.001, P  < 0.001, P  < 0.001, P  < 0.001, respectively). Our results suggest that stylet angulation at the holding position improves maneuverability of the tracheal tube and enables easy, smooth, and swift tube placement during tracheal intubation with a McGRATH MAC videolaryngoscope.

Purpose To elucidate the clinical impact of the novel oxytocin protocol using a syringe pump with a stratified dose compared with the conventional practice of putting oxytocin into the bag. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. We collected the data of the patients who underwent elective cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia between June 2019 and May 2020. The patients were allocated to two groups according to oxytocin administration methods; the control group (the attending anesthesiologist put oxytocin 5–10 units in the infusion bag and adjusted manually after childbirth) and the protocol group (the oxytocin protocol gave oxytocin bolus 1 or 3 units depending on the PPH risk, followed by 5 or 10 unit h −1 via a syringe pump). We compared the total amount of oxytocin within 24 h postpartum, estimated blood loss, and adverse clinical events within 24 h postpartum between the two groups. Results During the study period, 262 parturients were included. Oxytocin doses of intraoperative and postoperative were significantly lower in the protocol group (9.7 vs. 11.7 units, intraoperative, 15.9 vs. 18 units, postoperative). The subgroup analyses showed that the impact was more remarkable in the low PPH risk than in the high PPH risk. The multivariate linear regression analyses also confirmed the difference. The groups had no significant difference in blood loss, requirement of additional uterotonics, and other adverse events. Conclusions Our oxytocin infusion protocol significantly reduced oxytocin requirements in elective cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia without increasing blood loss. However, we could not find other clinical benefits of the novel protocol.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently occurs after cardiac surgery. Recently, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), a less invasive option for aortic stenosis (AS), has been increasingly performed, particularly in elderly patients. We retrospectively investigated and compared the incidence and risk factors of postoperative AKI in patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and TAVI. This was a retrospective single-center study. Seven days postoperatively, data were obtained from medical records. Patients were classified into SAVR and TAVI groups based on age, according to the policy of the Japanese Circulation Society. A total of 155 patients underwent surgery for AS between January 2020 and December 2021. Variables included age, sex, risk score, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, hypertension, and renal dysfunction. AKI was defined in accordance with the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. A total of 33 SAVR and 79 TAVI procedures were included in this study. The incidences of AKI in the SAVR and TAVI groups were 45.5% and 43.0%, respectively. No significant differences existed between the two groups. Weight ( p  = 0.0392) and pre-renal dysfunction ( p  = 0.0308) affected the incidence of AKI in the SAVR group, whereas no such variables were identified in the TAVI group. Within the current age-based treatment selection criteria for AS, no significant difference in the incidence of AKI was observed between the two procedures.Although preoperative renal function may be associated with postoperative AKI, further studies are required to select the optimal surgical procedure for patients with renal dysfunction.

One of the complications of esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is postoperative stricture formation. Stenosis formation is associated with inflammation and fibrosis in the healing process. We hypothesized that the degree of thermal damage caused by the device is related to stricture formation. We aimed to reveal the relationship between thermal damage and setting value of the device. We energized a resected porcine esophagus using the ESD device (Flush Knife 1.5). We performed 10 energization points for 1 s, 3 s, and 5 s at four setting values of the device. We measured the amount of current flowing to the conducted points and the temperature and evaluated the effects of thermal damage pathologically. As results, the mean highest temperatures for 1 s were I (SWIFT Effect3 Wat20): 61.19 °C, II (SWIFT Effect3 Wat30): 77.28 °C, III (SWIFT Effect4 Wat20): 94.50 °C, and IV (SWIFT Effect4 Wat30): 94.29 °C. The mean heat denaturation areas were I: 0.84 mm 2 , II: 1.00 mm 2 , III: 1.91 mm 2 , and IV: 1.54 mm 2 . The mean highest temperature and mean heat denaturation area were significantly correlated ( P  < 0.001). In conclusion, Low-current ESD can suppress the actual temperature and thermal damage in the ESD wound.

Background Among assisted reproductive technologies, frozen thawed embryo transfer (FET) is associated with increased blood loss at delivery. Anesthesiologists need to be aware of new factors that affect postpartum blood loss. This study investigated whether FET cycles with or without hormonal support affect the amount of postpartum bleeding. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted for delivery at a single university hospital between January 2015 and December 2018. Patients were divided into no-assisted reproductive technology (No-ART), hormonal cycle FET (HC-FET) and natural cycle FET (NC-FET) group. The primary outcome was the amount of blood loss after delivery (median [interquartile range]), which was compared among the three groups. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting blood loss. Results Between 2015 and 2018, 3187 women delivered neonates. In vaginal delivery, postpartum blood loss in the HC-FET group (1060 [830] g) was significantly greater than in the NC-FET group (650 [485] g, P = 0.001) and in the No-ART group (590 [420] g P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that HC-FET (P < 0.001) was one of the independent factors for the amount of bleeding. In cesarean delivery, the HC-FET group had more blood loss than the No-ART group (910 [676] g vs. 784 [524] g, P = 0.039). However, HC-FET was not an independent factor for postpartum blood loss. Conclusions The HC-FET group had more blood loss than the No-ART group for both vaginal and cesarean deliveries. Furthermore, HC-FET was an independent factor that increased postpartum blood loss in vaginal deliveries.

Aims/Introduction Severe diabetic macular edema (DME) is often resistant to anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Steroids are particularly effective at reducing edema by suppressing inflammation; they are also used as an alternative to expensive anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in some patients. Therefore, the use of steroids in DME reflects an unmet need for anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Notably, triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections are widely used in Japan. Here, we evaluated the frequency of TA as an indicator of the efficacy of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in DME treatment using a health insurance claims database. Materials and Methods In this cohort study, we retrospectively analyzed the health insurance claims data of 11 million Japanese individuals from 2005 to 2019. The frequency and duration of TA injection after the initiation of SGLT2is or other antidiabetic drugs were analyzed. Results Among the 2,412 matched patients with DME, the incidence rate of TA injection was 63.8 times per 1,000 person‐years in SGLT2i users and 94.9 times per 1,000 person‐years in non‐users. SGLT2is reduced the risk for the first (P = 0.0024, hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.50–0.87), second (P = 0.0019, hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.80) and third TA (P = 0.0053, hazard ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.80) injections. A subanalysis of each baseline characteristic of the patients showed that SGLT2is were effective regardless of the background factors. Conclusions The use of SGLT2is reduced the frequency of TA injection in patients with DME. Therefore, SGLT2i therapy might be a novel, noninvasive and low‐cost adjunctive therapy for DME. This study was carried out to evaluate the frequency of triamcinolone acetonide injections as an indicator of the efficacy of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic macular edema using data from a nationwide health insurance claims database in Japan. Triamcinolone acetonide is thought to reflect some of the unmet needs of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in diabetic macular edema, as severe diabetic macular edema is often resistant to anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, and is also used as an alternative to expensive anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in some patients. We found that the use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors significantly reduced the frequency of triamcinolone acetonide injections required in this vulnerable patient group.

Objectives Regular exchange of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) catheters is crucial for preventing infection and maintaining function; however, procedure‐related complications and patient discomfort remain major concerns. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of the conventional Ideal Button with those of the newly developed Ideal Button ZERO (Olympus Corporation). Methods In this retrospective observational study, we included 82 PEG catheter exchange procedures, performed in 42 patients. Because some patients underwent repeated exchanges, analyses were conducted on a per‐procedure basis. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group N (conventional to conventional Ideal Button exchange, n = 33) and Group Z (exchange to Ideal Button ZERO, n = 49). Group Z was further subdivided into subgroups Z1 (conventional to ZERO, n = 29) and Z2 (ZERO to ZERO, n = 20). The outcomes included the procedure time, complication rates (procedure‐related and postoperative), and family satisfaction score. Results Procedure‐related complications occurred only in Group Z (0/33 vs. 6/49; 0% vs. 12.2%) (p = 0.076). Postoperative complication rates were similar between the groups (Group N 6/33 [18.2%] vs. Group Z 9/49 [18.4%], p = 1.00). However, procedure time was shorter in Group Z than in Group N (8.24 ± 5.21 vs. 6.14 ± 4.28 min, p = 0.049). Family satisfaction scores showed no significant differences between the groups (Group N: 3.88 ± 1.52 vs. Group Z: 3.94 ± 1.39, p = 0.854). Conclusions The new Ideal Button ZERO showed a reduced procedure time; however, it revealed a trend toward higher procedure‐related complications without clear superiority over conventional devices. Improved proficiency with the new device may reduce complication rates, warranting further investigation as its adoption increases. Trial Registration 2025‐047