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Drawing on interviews with decision makers in multinational corporations (MNCs) in South Korea, we examine the role of informal networks in the social exclusion of women in the workforce. Although legislation in the country is in favor of gender equality, we found that informal barriers in the workplace remain difficult to overcome. Informal networks in Korea, yongo, present an ethical issue in the workplace, as they tend to socially exclude women, limiting possibilities for their participation and career progression. We found that informal networks are pervasive and strong because of the informal institutions in which they are embedded and that there is a complex interplay between informal networks and informal institutions that socially excludes women. Due to difficulties accessing yongo, women appear to build inmaek, a network type that is more open and accessible. We also found that MNCs in Korea can compensate for the lack of local informal networks for their female employees. However, despite providing a more supportive environment for women at work, gender equality policies in MNCs are not yet as effective as they could be due to the dynamics of the workplace and the fact that the policies are not tailored to the local context. We have seen evidence in recent years that MNCs can serve as role models for implementing gender equality policies by creating a more inclusive work environment and demonstrating leadership commitment and support.

Indonesia is undergoing major policy changes, seeking to expand social forestry designations from less than 1% (1.1 million hectares) to over 10% (12.7 million hectares) of the Forest Estate. Expanding designations is at once a landmark reform and a call for caution, raising questions about policy intentions, and practical concerns about legal, technical, and implementation mechanisms. Social forestry literature highlights three key tenets, namely efforts that: confer rights to local communities, support livelihoods, and achieve conservation outcomes. This paper examines social forestry implementation from a cross-section of sites in South Sulawesi by reflecting on sustained action research between 2012–2016. The approach critically juxtaposes social forestry policy intent with implementation at three different sites. Findings indicate social forestry implementation suffers from historically problematic state enclosures and flawed land administration processes, entrenched politicaleconomic interests among local actors, and lack of institutional engagement beyond the permitting process. Shortcuts to addressing entrenched conflict will only heighten tensions or further marginalize the most vulnerable, without guarantees to conservation outcomes.

In addition to harming ecosystems that provide clean air and water, forest and land fires have an effect on human health. The foundation of the network theory is the interconnection of actors. To be effective and efficient, land and forest fire control organizations that involve numerous government agencies or organizations at the national, province, district, sub-district, and village levels need an organizational structure that functions harmoniously and cohesively. This study aims to execute disaster management in Riau Province by analyzing and describing methods for preventing land and forest fires through inter-organizational networks. This study was conducted in the province of Riau, specifically in the Rokan Hilir Regency. The approach is qualitative. Primary and secondary sources of data are needed for this investigation. People who are thought to be knowledgeable about the use of inter-organizational networks in the management of land and forest fires in Rokan Hilir Regency serve as the study’s unit of analysis. The study’s findings include improving organizational structure strategy, coordinating programs across companies, and planning and operations for managing land and forest fires. The study’s recommendations include drafting regional legislation, offering technical assistance for managing land fires and forests, and altering the organizational structure of the Land and Forest Emergency Alert Post Team in Riau Province.

This study aims to examine the success factors and build the framework of rural tourism entrepreneurship for a sustainable tourism village. This is an important research topic, as 44.28% population in the world live in rural areas; specifically 44.02% population in Indonesia resides in a rural area which indicates how important rural areas are for future development. This study used a purposive sampling technique to determine the priority issues of the sustainability of the tourism village. The data was gathered from semi-structured interviews with actors' influential in the success of tourism villages. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and a case study design. This study uses content analysis in describing the findings from the collected data to better understand the case study. It focuses on a case of six tourism villages in Indonesia that have received awards as sustainable tourism villages, as it might be adopted by the other tourism villages. The results revealed ten factors for creating successful sustainable tourism village through rural tourism entrepreneurship. Those factors are income management, business unit development, economic growth, mutual cooperation, collaboration, innovation, creativity, environmental awareness, resource management, and visitor management. These 10 factors are further grouped into three dimensions (economic, social, and environmental sustainability). The study makes new framework of rural tourism entrepreneurship and useful for the strategy and decision-making process.

This study examines the inter-relationships between network ties as social capital and knowledge resources as human capital, in the internationalization of law firms. Using a qualitative case study methodology, this study is based on primary data collected from Australian law firms and corporate client organizations, and compares and contrasts the views of lawyers and clients on building social and human capital. Our study finds that the relative importance of strong ties diminishes as professional services globalize and weak ties become viewed as more prominent for successful internationalization. The main findings indicate three different sets of inter-relationships between social and human capital: complementary, supplementary and compensatory. We discuss the complementary and supplementary effects of strong and weak ties and three different types of knowledge resources (technical, market and client-specific knowledge). We also argue that knowledge resources of technical and market knowledge can compensate network ties in the internationalization of firms. Examining social and human capital between law firms and clients provides important theoretical and practical insights into understanding the internationalization of professional service firms.

The suitability of carrier materials for the entrapment of bacteria is an important factor in developing biofertilizers as it determines their functional properties during use and storage. This study examines the microscopic structure and entrapment properties of several potential carriers for biofertilizers. The carriers studied included rice straw, sago dregs, cassava dregs, gum, carrageenan, pea fiber, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), all in powder form. The entrapment process was carried out by mixing the bacterial solution (10%) of Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Bacillus, and Methylobacterium with the carrier material by spraying and shaking followed by air drying. CMC and carrageenan exhibited a swollen structure when mixed with a bacterial solution, forming lumps. Gum, pea fiber, sago dregs, and cassava dregs swelled slightly, while rice straw demonstrated a non-swollen fibrous structure. The incorporated bacteria appeared entrapped inside the lumps and/or adhered to the surface of the lumps or fibrous particles. The largest number of bacteria was found in gum (log 10 6 – log 10 7) and pea fiber (log 10 4 to – log 10 7), followed by cassava dregs (log 10 2 – log 10 7), CMC (log 10 2 – log 10 6), sago dregs (log 10 5) and rice straw (log 10 3 – log 10 4), while no bacteria was observed in carrageenan. Most bacteria survived in the carrier with swelling properties and loose structures. In conclusion, the microstructure of carrier materials provides information that can describe bacterial entrapment properties. This study gives important insight useful in formulating carrier materials for developing biofertilizers.

Our goal is to improve Project Management (PM) profitability and reduce discrepancies in information among stakeholders, which can result in conflicts. This will be accomplished by incorporating Earned Value Management (EVM) with the Income Statement and incorporating earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA) with the work breakdown structure (WBS). These incorporations will streamline information sharing between PM, other management professionals, and the stakeholders, ultimately fostering the application of PM within broader business and management contexts. We drew on theories from Project, Operations, Financial Management, Agency Theory, and the Theory of Performance Frontiers. We conducted multiple case studies in a shipbuilding corporation with 25 projects and an aircraft manufacturing corporation with 20 projects. Our analysis involved both qualitative and quantitative methods, ensuring the accuracy and practicality of our hypotheses and instilling confidence in our research findings. This integration addresses the information gap on profitability for non-project management professionals, empowering stakeholders to enhance project performance. This integration benefits the company by allowing the project manager and stakeholders to gain real-time insights into the project’s profitability, which enables continuous optimization of daily EBITDA by improving efficiency and productivity to achieve the project’s profitability target. This study and its innovative findings originate from the author’s unique approach, which is a significant contribution to the field of Project Management. This research focused on project management using EVM in for-profit organizations. Integrating EVM in the income statement also facilitates PM application in other management systems.

ContextIntegrated landscape approaches (ILAs) that aim to balance conservation and development targets are increasingly promoted through science, policy, and the donor community. Advocates suggest that ILAs are viable implementing pathways for addressing global challenges such as biodiversity loss, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, we argue that recent advances in ILA research and discourse have tended to emphasize the social and governance dimensions, while overlooking ecological factors and inadequately considering potential trade-offs between the two fields.ObjectivesBy raising the issue of inadequate integration of ecology in ILAs and providing some general design suggestions, we aim to support and incentivise better design and practice of ILAs, supplementing existing design principles.MethodsIn this perspective we draw on the recent literature and our collective experience to highlight the need, and the means, to re-integrate ecology into landscape approaches.ResultsWe suggest that better incorporation of the ecological dimension requires the integration of two approaches: one focusing on conventional scientific studies of biodiversity and biophysical parameters; and the other focusing on the engagement of relevant stakeholders using various participatory methods. We provide some general guidelines for how these approaches can be incorporated within ILA design and implementation.ConclusionRe-integrating ecology into ILAs will not only improve ecological understanding (and related objectives, plans and monitoring), but will also generate insights into local and traditional knowledge, encourage transdisciplinary enquiry and reveal important conservation-development trade-offs and synergies.

According to SDGs 2030, food security must have 3 principles, namely; Availability, Affordability; and Benefits, hereinafter referred to as food security aspects. Rokan Hilir is an area with a high level of stunting. Referring to the problem formulation, the objectives of this research are: 1) to analyze and describe the effectiveness of the implementation of the Food Security Policy; 2) to analyze and describe the factors which constrain the effectiveness implementation the Food Security Policy in Rehabilitation Efforts to Handle Stunting in Rokan Hilir. A qualitative approach is taken by using descriptive analysis methods. Informants are including people and parties who are dealing to the food security policy innovations in handling stunting including local government staff, the community and non-government organization (NGOs). The research results show that stunting in children will have an impact on metabolic disorders, low immunity, and suboptimal physical body size. A good coordination and communication among the parties is a key of success to prevent higher cases and develop community awareness of stunting.