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The use of fuzzy set theory to adjust the educational resource allocation model is the optimal path to achieve the allocation of educational resources. The optimal path realized by fuzzy set theory promotes the healthy development of education and addresses the current important and urgent tasks in the field of higher education in China. This study utilizes the basic theory of fuzzy sets and analyzes dynamic fuzzy set theory, fuzzy relations and fuzzy matrices. The indexes of optimal allocation are selected according to the classification of higher education resources, the fuzzy set multi-objective planning model is designed, and finally, the combination of factors of education production in colleges and universities is optimized. The experiment proves that: the average allocation efficiency of excellent colleges and universities is 0.186, and the average improvement is 35.41% after optimization. The average allocation efficiency of ordinary colleges and universities is 0.174, which is improved by 22.12% on average after optimization. It can be found that the resource allocation efficiency of excellent colleges and universities is generally higher than that of ordinary colleges and universities, and the role of excellent colleges and universities with more abundant resources themselves is greater after the optimization of college resource allocation. It indicates that by adjusting the quantity and structure of educational resources according to the optimization path, the optimization of educational resource allocation can be achieved. This verifies that: the emergence of optimal paths for solving resource allocation realized by fuzzy set theory has greatly expanded the application of fuzzy methods in the field of higher education and provided a new theoretical tool for solving resource allocation.

This study examined villagers’ intention of pro-environmental behavior while supporting the Landcare Policy in China. The research team conducted field surveys of villagers from four famous scenic spots of Cili, which is near the world natural heritage site of the Zhangjiajie natural landscape core area. This area has developed rural tourism, many local villagers rely on tourism to obtain their livelihood income. However, the area is now affected by the environmental remediation policy called Landcare Policy. Cultivated land near the tourist area needs to be repaired, which affects the tourism income of some local villagers. Therefore, local villagers are facing a contradiction between tourism development and environmental protection. The study chose the change in local villagers’ pro-environmental intention as the research content. Then we adopted an empirically validated norm activation model (NAM) from Schwartz, and merged the NAM with the expectancy theory of Vroom, based on 511 valid responses from the field questionnaire surveys, we aimed to develop a theoretical framework for researchers to understand the change in villagers' pro-environmental behaviors, concerning the balance between rural tourism livelihood benefits and environmental remediation behavior. Structural equation modeling was conducted for each index of the responses, the findings showed that the merged model had 76.46% better predictive accuracy of villagers’ pro-environmental intentions than applying Schwartz’s NAM independently. This study found that the motivational force of this new theory significantly influences environmental personal norms due to the joint impact of valence, instrumentality, and expectancy. Villagers with a positive pro-environmental behavior intention expect good tourism benefits and environmental living conditions under the impact of the Landcare policy in rural tourism destinations near the famous natural heritage site.

A preterm infant who previously experienced Candida septicemia at 18 days of life and was treated with standard antifungal therapy presented one month later with signs of multifocal osteomyelitis and arthritis. Causative Candida albicans was detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Since the symptoms of neonatal candidal osteomyelitis are typically insidious, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial. Moreover, incision and drainage of the affected joint are essential for a favorable prognosis.

Intellectual property (IP) information literacy is crucial for both personal development and national innovation. China has implemented many supportive policies in this field. Nevertheless, existing research on how Chinese universities implement this type of education—particularly their distinctive approaches and the challenges they face—remains limited. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis in this critical yet under-researched area by introducing a specific definition of “IP information literacy” as an independent concept and investigating its educational status at 30 Chinese National IP Demonstration Universities, which are higher education institutions jointly selected by CNIPA and MOE in 2020 for their outstanding performance in IP education and management. Using web-based research supplemented by email surveys, we collected extensive data on courses, IP databases, and learning resources. Our findings reveal that IP information literacy education has gained significant attention and manifests in diverse forms, with content primarily focused on patents. However, our study identified several challenges, including inadequate accessibility, insufficient systematization, disparities in inter-library IP resources, and widespread disorganization of internal access pathways. We recommend tailoring courses for different academic majors, developing a systematic and coherent course framework, and enhancing library IP information resources and access. This research deepens the understanding of IP information literacy education in Chinese universities and offers valuable insights for policymakers and scholars.

Antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3), a simple alloyed compound containing earth‐abundant constituents, with a tunable bandgap and high absorption coefficient has attracted significant attention in high‐efficiency photovoltaic applications. Optimizing interfacial defects and absorber layers to a high standard is essential in improving the efficiency of Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells. In particular, the electron transport layer (ETL) greatly affects the final device performance of the superstrate structure. In this study, a simple and effective hydrazine hydrate (N2H4) solution post‐treatment is proposed to modify CdS ETL in order to enhance Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cell efficiency. By this process, oxides and residual chlorides, caused by CdCl2 treated CdS under a high temperature over 400 °C in air, are appropriately removed, rendering smoother and flatter CdS ETL as well as high‐quality Sb2(S,Se)3 thin films. Furthermore, the interfacial energy band alignment and recombination loss are both improved, resulting in an as‐fabricated FTO/CdS‐N2H4/Sb2(S,Se)3/spiro‐OMeTAD/Au solar cell with a high PCE of 10.30%, placing it in the top tier of Sb‐based solar devices. This study provides a fresh perspective on interfacial optimization and promotes the future development of antimony chalcogenide‐based planar solar cells. In this paper, a new method termed hydrazine hydrate (N2H4) assisted solution treatment (HHST) is first introduced to improve CdS electron transport layers (ETLs) quality, which enables over 10.30% planar Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells, achieves a smoother CdS and Sb2(S,Se)3 surface, tailors the elemental composition, optimizes the defect properties and improves interfacial quality.

Current evidence shows an inter-country inconsistency in the effect of lesion size on the technical difficulty of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to evaluate the specific correlation and quantify the ensuing risks. This retrospective study consisted of 405 ESD cases with gastric single lesion from April 2015 to April 2023. The correlation and risk prediction of lesion size with technical difficulty was explored to provide further clinical evidence. An additive generalized model and recursive algorithm were used to describe the non-linear association, and a linear two-piece regression was constructed to analyze the inflection point. Subgroup analysis and interaction were used to explore intergroup characteristics. Overall, difficult cases had larger lesion sizes, and the more significant the increase, the higher the risk of technical difficulty. In the full model, after adjusting for all covariates, each 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, and one standard increase in lesion size increased the risk of technical difficulty by 8%, 26%, 42%, 72%, and 125%, respectively. There is a nonlinear positive correlation between lesion size and risk of technical difficulty, and the premeditated inflection point was 40 (mm) via two-piecewise linear regression and recursive algorithm. Subgroup analysis showed a stronger correlation between lesion size and difficult ESD in the upper site and submucosal fibrosis groups. Available evidence suggests that lesion size as a risk signal nonlinearly increases the technical difficulty of gastric ESD procedure, especially in cases of upper site and submucosal fibrosis, which deserves further investigation.

Background Drug‐induced vanishing bile duct syndrome (D‐VBDS) is a rare but severe form of liver injury, characterized by progressive bile duct destruction, which remains less well‐studied. Methods Data were extracted from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for the period Q1 2004 through Q4 2024. Subsequent to rigorous preprocessing and filtering of the reports, pharmacovigilance analyses were conducted, including disproportionality measures and stratified analysis. The Weibull shape parameter was also calculated to evaluate the time‐course characteristics of event reporting. Results Strong signal associations were found for drugs including a wide range of antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and related agents, macrolides, tetracyclines, multiple beta‐lactams (including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems), and nitroimidazoles. Common nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, and certain antiretroviral agents, such as nevirapine, also exhibited strong signals. Additionally, positive signals were detected for the C5a inhibitor avacopan; neuropsychiatric medications, including anticonvulsants/antiepileptics; and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sertraline. Distinct sex‐specific signal patterns for D‐VBDS were also observed. The Weibull shape parameter indicated an early‐risk profile for D‐VBDS onset following drug initiation. Conclusion This comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis confirmed numerous potential D‐VBDS signals across diverse drug classes, utilizing a large‐scale adverse event reporting database.

Background Long-term poor posture may affect the morphological development of the spine. However, there is no definite answer as to how writing posture affects students’ spine. This study attempted to compare the sagittal curvature of the spine between sitting and standing postures in adolescents to reveal the variation rule of spinal sagittal curvature of students with learning posture, and to discover the key factors that may affect students’ spinal health. Methods 1138 participants (male, 604; female, 534; age range, 6–18 years) from three schools in Tianjin, China, including 570 primary school students and 568 secondary school students. This study used SpineScan and PA200 Station Posture Assessment System to assess the sagittal curvature of the spine for three postures: sitting on a chair in upright position, seated at a desk while reading/writing, and standing in natural relaxed position. Analyze the difference between spine angle of the three postures and the correlation between the sagittal plane angle of the spine and body posture. Results The mean sagittal angle of the spine changed when the participants were in reading/writing position compared to standing position, with the lumbar lordosis angle significantly decreased ( p  < 0.05) and the thoracic kyphosis angle significantly increased ( p  < 0.05). The TKA and LLA angles were abnormal in 33 and 52% of students in reading/writing posture respectively. There was a significant correlation between sitting posture and standing spinal Angle and were positively correlated with the height of the teenager ( p  < 0.05). By contrast, a higher percentage of TKA and LLA subjects in the standard reading/writing posture reference range maintained normal spinal shape while standing. Conclusions The angle of thoracic kyphosis significantly increased from standing posture to upright sitting, reading/writing posture, while lumbar lordosis significantly decreased or even disappeared. There was a significant correlation between sagittal angle of spine in different postures. The poor sitting posture associated with sagittal angle abnormalities impact the shape of the spine such that sagittal imbalance was also observed when students in natural standing posture. Height is an important factor affecting the sitting spine shape of students.

The development of stable Ru-based anodes for acidic proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is promising, but strictly limited by Ru over-oxidation and structural collapse due to lattice oxygen participation under high current densities. Rational design of competitive Ru-based catalyst is, thereby, highly desired. Here, by exploring a customized self-assembly route, we report a type of mesoporous Ru-Ti-O solid solution catalyst delivering competitive performance (1 A cm -2 for over 450 h at 0.4mg Ru cm -2 ). Mechanistic investigations reveal that the enhanced performance arises from the integration of atomic-scale electronic structure tuning and mesoscopic triple phase interface engineering. The electron delocalization forms a conductive network and suppresses Ru overoxidation through electron donation. Atomically dispersed Ru-O-Ti motifs favor the oxygen pathway mechanism over the lattice oxygen mechanism, suppressing lattice oxygen release and enhancing structural stability. Simultaneously, the ordered mesoporous architecture and radially aligned nanorod bundles establish a robust, super-hydrophilic triple phase interface, enabling effective water and gas exchange and mitigating concentration overpotentials. This cross-scale design strategy offers a possible route to non-Ir catalysts with measurable activity and long-term durability for scalable acidic water electrolysis. Developing robust anode catalysts that can operate at industrial-level current densities is essential for efficient hydrogen production. Here, the authors report a mesoporous ruthenium–titanium oxide solid solution with an engineered three-phase reaction interface for stable water electrolysis.

This paper presents an experimental methodology that is capable of sensitively detecting the cavitation inception in a centrifugal pump. Firstly, with a centrifugal pump of ns=117 as research object, the cavitation performance, the bubble pattern distribution at impeller inlet, and the vibration and noise were synchronously measured at different flow conditions each with several cavitation coefficients. The change laws of total level of vibration and noise signals throughout the cavitation process were emphatically investigated. After comparing the sensitivity and reliability of different detection methods, the method based on overall sound pressure level of liquid-borne noise is found to present high sensitivity to cavitation. Secondly, by comparing the affected 1/3 octave spectrum by changing flow and cavitation coefficients, the highly sensitive frequency band to cavitation was obtained. Then, a new inception cavitation detection method was proposed based on Pauta principle. Finally, the method was verified through an ultra-low-specific speed pump (ns=25). The results show that the total pressure level of liquid-borne noise increases firstly and then decreases with the development of cavitation. The broadband SPL of liquid-borne noise between 2000 and 3000 Hz can be used to detect the inception cavitation, and the cavitation detection threshold is determined as 1.0%.