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Enhancing the management and monitoring of oil and gas processes demands the development of precise predictive analytic techniques. Over the past two years, oil and its prediction have advanced significantly using conventional and modern machine learning techniques. Several review articles detail the developments in predictive maintenance and the technical and non-technical aspects of influencing the uptake of big data. The absence of references for machine learning techniques impacts the effective optimization of predictive analytics in the oil and gas sectors. This review paper offers readers thorough information on the latest machine learning methods utilized in this industry’s predictive analytical modeling. This review covers different forms of machine learning techniques used in predictive analytical modeling from 2021 to 2023 (91 articles). It provides an overview of the details of the papers that were reviewed, describing the model’s categories, the data’s temporality, field, and name, the dataset’s type, predictive analytics (classification, clustering, or prediction), the models’ input and output parameters, the performance metrics, the optimal model, and the model’s benefits and drawbacks. In addition, suggestions for future research directions to provide insights into the potential applications of the associated knowledge. This review can serve as a guide to enhance the effectiveness of predictive analytics models in the oil and gas industries.

Breast cancer is diagnosed using histopathological imaging. This task is extremely time-consuming due to high image complexity and volume. However, it is important to facilitate the early detection of breast cancer for medical intervention. Deep learning (DL) has become popular in medical imaging solutions and has demonstrated various levels of performance in diagnosing cancerous images. Nonetheless, achieving high precision while minimizing overfitting remains a significant challenge for classification solutions. The handling of imbalanced data and incorrect labeling is a further concern. Additional methods, such as pre-processing, ensemble, and normalization techniques, have been established to enhance image characteristics. These methods could influence classification solutions and be used to overcome overfitting and data balancing issues. Hence, developing a more sophisticated DL variant could improve classification accuracy while reducing overfitting. Technological advancements in DL have fueled automated breast cancer diagnosis growth in recent years. This paper reviewed studies on the capability of DL to classify histopathological breast cancer images, as the objective of this study was to systematically review and analyze current research on the classification of histopathological images. Additionally, literature from the Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) indexes was reviewed. This study assessed recent approaches for histopathological breast cancer image classification in DL applications for papers published up until November 2022. The findings of this study suggest that DL methods, especially convolution neural networks and their hybrids, are the most cutting-edge approaches currently in use. To find a new technique, it is necessary first to survey the landscape of existing DL approaches and their hybrid methods to conduct comparisons and case studies.

Wind speed prediction in the South China Sea is crucial for enhancing maritime safety, supporting operational planning, and optimizing economic activities in sectors such as offshore energy, shipping, and disaster preparedness. In recent years, the statistical auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and advanced deep learning models such as recurrent neural networks (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) have shown strong potential for time series forecasting due to their capacity to model temporal dependencies. However, these models often face limitations in simultaneously capturing rapid short-term fluctuations and long-term temporal patterns in meteorological data. To address this challenge, we propose a novel hybrid architecture, h-RNN-BiLSTM, which integrates the short-term dynamic modeling capability of RNN with the long-range bidirectional dependency modeling of BiLSTM. This fusion enables multi-scale temporal pattern learning, thereby improving forecasting accuracy. The model is evaluated using two widely recognized spatiotemporal datasets: the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Global Forecast System (GFS). Data preprocessing, including missing value imputation and standardization, was applied to ensure data consistency and improve model convergence. Experiments were conducted in two settings: (i) short-term datasets from GFS and ECMWF, and (ii) long-term ECMWF datasets. The performance of h-RNN-BiLSTM was compared against baseline RNN, LSTM, BiLSTM, and the ARIMA model using root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as evaluation metrics. Results demonstrate that the proposed model consistently outperforms the deep learning baselines and ARIMA, with the most significant gains observed for the long-term ECMWF dataset. Specifically, the model reduced error by 99.7% compared with ARIMA, 70.3% compared with RNN, 30.7% compared with LSTM, and 37.6% compared with BiLSTM. For MAPE, the improvements were 84.3% over ARIMA, 38.8% over RNN, 40.3% over LSTM, and 32.1% over BiLSTM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to integrate RNN and BiLSTM for multi-scale wind speed prediction in the South China Sea, demonstrating improved predictive accuracy over both deep learning and statistical baselines. These findings highlight the model’s operational potential for energy planning, navigation safety, and weather risk management.

Clustering methods in data mining aim to group a set of patterns based on their similarity. In a data survey, heterogeneous information is established with various types of data scales like nominal, ordinal, binary, and Likert scales. A lack of treatment of heterogeneous data and information leads to loss of information and scanty decision-making. Although many similarity measures have been established, solutions for heterogeneous data in clustering are still lacking. The recent entropy distance measure seems to provide good results for the heterogeneous categorical data. However, it requires many experiments and evaluations. This article presents a proposed framework for heterogeneous categorical data solution using a mini batch k-means with entropy measure (MBKEM) which is to investigate the effectiveness of similarity measure in clustering method using heterogeneous categorical data. Secondary data from a public survey was used. The findings demonstrate the proposed framework has improved the clustering’s quality. MBKEM outperformed other clustering algorithms with the accuracy at 0.88, v-measure (VM) at 0.82, adjusted rand index (ARI) at 0.87, and Fowlkes-Mallow’s index (FMI) at 0.94. It is observed that the average minimum elapsed time-varying for cluster generation, k at 0.26 s. In the future, the proposed solution would be beneficial for improving the quality of clustering for heterogeneous categorical data problems in many domains.

Statisticians in both academia and industry have encountered problems with high-dimensional data. The rapid feature increase has caused the feature count to outstrip the instance count. There are several established methods when selecting features from massive amounts of breast cancer data. Even so, overfitting continues to be a problem. The challenge of choosing important features with minimum loss in a different sample size is another area with room for development. As a result, the feature selection technique is crucial for dealing with high-dimensional data classification issues. This paper proposed a new architecture for high-dimensional breast cancer data using filtering techniques and a logistic regression model. Essential features are filtered out using a combination of hybrid chi–square and hybrid information gain (hybrid IG) with logistic regression as classifier. The results showed that hybrid IG performed the best for high-dimensional breast and prostate cancer data. The top 50 and 22 features outperformed the other configurations, with the highest classification accuracies of 86.96% and 82.61%, respectively, after integrating the hybrid information gain and logistic function (hybrid IG+LR) with a sample size of 75. In the future, multiclass classification of multidimensional medical data to be evaluated using data from a different domain.

Gender-based violence is a public health issue that needs high concern to eliminate discrimination and violence against women and girls. Several cases are through the offline organization and the respective online platform. However, many victims share their experiences and stories on social media platforms. Twitter is one of the methods for locating and identifying gender-based violence based on its type. This paper proposed a hybrid Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolution Neural Network CNN with GloVe to perform multi-classification of gender violence. Intimate partner violence, harassment, rape, femicide, sex trafficking, forced marriage, forced abortion, and online violence against women are e eight gender violence keyword for data extraction from Twitter text data. Next is data cleaning to remove unnecessary information. Normalization converts data into a structure the machine can recognize as model input. The evaluation considers cross-entropy loss parameters, learning rate, an optimizer, and epochs. LSTM+GloVe vector embedding outperforms all other methods. CNN-LSTM+Glove and LSTM-CNN+GloVe achieved 0.98 for test accuracy, 0.95 for precision, 0.94 for recall, and 0.95 for the f1-score. The findings can help the public and relevant agencies differentiate and categorize different types of gender violence through text. With this effort, the government can use as one of the mechanisms that indirectly can support monitoring of the current situation of gender violence.

With the rapid digitization of healthcare, blockchain-integrated federated learning (FL) for EHR management faces challenges of heterogeneous data, high latency, and adversarial vulnerabilities. This study proposes a novel Reinforcement Learning-Driven Adaptive Aggregation (RL-DAA) in an enhanced blockchain-FL framework, using Q-learning to dynamically optimize model weights based on trust, data quality, and node reliability. RL-DAA reduces computational overhead by 40% via state-action-reward optimization (mitigating non-IID bias) and boosts robustness against Byzantine faults by 35% with fault-tolerant rewards. Validated on adapted CIFAR-10 and real-world healthcare simulations, compared to EPP-BCFL and baseline models, RL-DAA achieves 96.5% accuracy, 45% lower latency, and 38% reduced energy consumption. By dynamically balancing efficiency, privacy, and robustness via RL-driven optimization, this work advances secure, scalable EHR management, with broader potential in privacy-sensitive domains.

Clustering analysis is the process of identifying similar patterns in various types of data. Heterogeneous categorical data consists of data on ordinal, nominal, binary, and Likert scales. The clustering solution for heterogeneous data clustering remains difficult due to partitioning complex and dissimilarity features. It is necessary to find a solution to high-quality clustering techniques to efficiently determine the significant features of the data. This paper emphasizes using the firefly algorithm to reduce the distance gap between features and improve clustering performance. To obtain an optimal global solution for clustering, we proposed a hybrid of mini-batch k-means (MBK) clustering-based entropy distance measures (EM) with a firefly optimization algorithm (FA). This study compares the performance of hybrid K-Means, Agglomerative, DBSCAN, and Affinity clustering models with EM and FA. The evaluation uses a variety of data from the timber perception survey dataset. In terms of performance, the proposed MBK+EM+FA has superior and most effective clustering. It achieves a higher accuracy of 96.3 percent, a 97 percent F-measure, a 98 percent precision, and a 97 percent recall. Other external assessments revealed that the Homogeneity (HOMO) is 79.14 percent, the Fowlkes-Mallows Index (FMI) is 93.07 percent, the Completeness (COMP) is 78.04 percent, and the V-Measure (VM) is 78.58 percent. Both proposed MBK+EM+FA and MBK+EM took about 0.45s and 0.35s to compute, respectively. The excellent quality of the clustering results does not justify such time constraints. Surprisingly, the proposed model reduced the distance measure of all heterogeneous features. The future model could put heterogeneous categorical data from a different domain to the test.

Forecasting crude oil prices hold significant importance in finance, energy, and economics, given its extensive impact on worldwide markets and socio-economic equilibrium. Using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks has exhibited noteworthy achievements in time series forecasting, specifically in predicting crude oil prices. Nevertheless, LSTM models frequently depend on the manual adjustment of hyperparameters, a task that can be laborious and demanding. This study presents a novel methodology incorporating Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) into LSTM networks to optimize the network architecture and minimize the error. This study employs historical data on crude oil prices to explore and identify optimal hyperparameters autonomously and embedded with the star and ring topology of PSO to address the local and global search capabilities. The findings demonstrate that LSTM+starPSO is superior to LSTM+ringPSO, previous hybrid LSTM-PSO, conventional LSTM networks, and statistical time series methods in its predictive accuracy. LSTM+starPSO model offers a better RMSE of about +0.16% and +22.82% for WTI and BRENT datasets, respectively. The results indicate that the LSTM model, when enhanced with PSO, demonstrates a better proficiency in capturing the patterns and inherent dynamics data changes of crude oil prices. The proposed model offers a dual benefit by alleviating the need for manual hyperparameter tuning and serving as a valuable resource for stakeholders in the energy and financial industries interested in obtaining dependable insights into fluctuations in crude oil prices.

Clustering provides a prime important role as an unsupervised learning method in data analytics to assist many real-world problems such as image segmentation, object recognition or information retrieval. It is often an issue of difficulty for traditional clustering technique due to non-optimal result exist because of the presence of outliers and noise data.  This review paper provides a review of single clustering methods that were applied in various domains.  The aim is to see the potential suitable applications and aspect of improvement of the methods. Three categories of single clustering methods were suggested, and it would be beneficial to the researcher to see the clustering aspects as well as to determine the requirement for clustering method for an employment based on the state of the art of the previous research findings.