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The existing HDI concept is value neutral and unable to capture the religious and ethical perspective of socio-economic development in Muslim countries. It is argued that Muslim countries have some special features, cultures, and values that are not completely accommodated by the HDI measurement. Therefore, the current study is an attempt to propose an Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI) as a holistic and comprehensive index for human development derived from the five dimensions of maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah: religion (dīn), life (nafs), intellect (ʿaql), family (nasl) and wealth (māl). The computation method of an I-HDI is parallel with the HDI method. The constructed index is utilized to rank the human development level for 33 provinces in Indonesia. The study finds that the composition rank between I-HDI and HDI is slightly different. However, the two indices have a statistical positive correlation confirming the assumption that I-HDI might serve as a predictor for the rank of HDI. The findings also show that the majority of the provinces in Indonesia have a poor performance in overall score of I-HDI.

Daerah Istimewa Aceh, with a population of 2.9 million, is located in northern Sumatra and is one of 27 provinces in Indonesia. Since 1982 a USAID-funded project (CHIPPS) has supported an experiment in Aceh involving decentralized health planning and problem-solving. Instead of following the usual Indonesian practice of rigidly adhering to strict health programme guidelines sent from Jakarta, Acehnese health officials tried to use an epidemiological approach in defining their most important health problems and in selecting the most appropriate interventions to solve those problems. The fundamental approaches of the project were to provide training in applied epidemiology for health officials at province, district and sub-district levels, to carry out province-wide or district-wide surveys designed to identify the major preventable causes of death and to develop a population-based information system concerning births, deaths and cause-of-death. Provincial health officials carried out several major surveys which demonstrated that the pattern of morbidity and mortality in Aceh differed markedly from national estimates and that the provincial health department needed to develop specific disease control strategies tailored to fit the situation in Aceh. For example, a province-wide neonatal tetanus mortality survey found that 2.1 per cent of all infants born in Aceh died of tetanus, that neonatal tetanus mortality rates in some districts were 10 times higher than in other districts and that babies delivered by trained village midwives were nearly as likely to die from tetanus as babies delivered by untrained village midwives. Surveys like this had major implications for health planning and priority-setting in Aceh. The CHIPPS project in Aceh has demonstrated that province-level health officers, with training in epidemiology and with limited financial resources, can develop a simple but sound information base, determine their own local priorities and implement effective interventions, even when these priorities and interventions differ markedly from national norms.

Background/purpose. There are two types of knowledge in an organization, namely tacit and explicit knowledge. This research aims to test the effects of the enhancement techniques of both types of knowledge on the principal's digital leadership and school organization improvement, to find the relationship among the variables, and to find effective techniques to enhance the endogenous variables.Materials/methods. The explanatory research design was used in this study. The research sample was taken from 105 schools in Indonesia through cluster random sampling. Data collection techniques used questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used as the data analysis techniques.Results. The enhancement techniques of tacit and explicit knowledge had a direct impact on the digital leadership of principals and affected school organization improvement directly and indirectly. The digital leadership of principals had a strong influence on school organization improvement. Several tacit and explicit knowledge-enhancement techniques had a strong effect on school organization improvement, but several other techniques had a less significant effect.Conclusion. From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes effective tacit and explicit knowledge-sharing techniques in knowledge management and their impact on digital leadership and organizational improvement. From a managerial perspective, the research findings can be used by leaders to develop organizations. The present study expands the literature on knowledge management that has not been widely studied. It also finds the relationship among the variables in line with the development of information technology.

The main objective of this research is to improve the nutritional content of fish feed with a predigest system. The predigest system involved microorganisms consisting of rumen fluid and Bacillus sp. The research was conducted in vitro using a completely randomized design method with a factorial pattern. Two main factors were the dose of mixed microorganisms (0, 3, and 4.5mL/100g) and the length of incubation time (15, 30, and 45 minutes). The results showed that pre-digestion of fish feed with a dose of 4.5 mL/100g of mixed microorganisms with an incubation time of 15 minutes significantly affected (P<0.05); there was an interaction between the two. There was an improvement in protein levels, nitrogen free extract, dry matter digestibility and organic matter. On the other hand, there is a reduction in the levels of crude fibre and ash. Research conclusion: A dose of 4.5mL/100g and a fermentation time of 15 minutes produced high nutritional value and was recommended as a raw material for feeding fish.

Rohingya people being sheltered in East Aceh, Indonesia, are taught English to prepare them for their future resettlement in Western countries; these countries are as determined by the United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The Rohingya are taught English by local Acehnese mentors at UNHCR refugee camps. This research was designed to study the classroom environment, teaching processes, and cultural barriers between mentors and refugees. Data were collected at one UNHCR camp in East Aceh using three instruments: classroom observation, video recordings, and interviews with six mentors and 30 refugees taking part in the course. The data were analyzed qualitatively based on Prosser and Loxley, and Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. This article provides a detailed discussion of the research findings. It is hoped that this research will be a starting point for further investigation into effective teaching process to overcome cultural barriers, not just in Aceh, but in other places that provide temporary shelter for Rohingya refugees.

Purpose: The agricultural industry significantly contributes to poverty alleviation, particularly in rural regions as opposed to metropolitan ones. Hence, government programs should be able to target the areas afflicted by poverty effectively. Rural regions serve as the hub of commercial operations and play a crucial role in safeguarding and empowering farmers, particularly those who are small-scale.   Methodology/approach: This research aims to analyze the access to assistance and agricultural estimates by examining farmers' prescriptions. Data analysis techniques in this study are explanatory, descriptive statistical techniques with quantitative approaches and inferential statistical analysis using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).   Results: The objective is to determine if there is an impact on the growth in farm family welfare in the City of Palopo based on data from 105 farmers. This study utilises a descriptive and explanatory methodology, including quantitative techniques and inferential statistical analysis via Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) utilising Partial Least Squares (PLS). Hypothesis 1: Influence Aid (X) positively and significantly impacts to (Y) Household Welfare is accepted. The outcomes of SEM analysis obtained T statistical = 4.339 > T table = 1.983 and P value = 0.000 < Cut off Value = 0.05. Hypothesis 2: Influence the Aid (X) positively and significantly to (Z) Budget is accepted. The outcomes of the SEM analysis obtained T statistical = 89,957 > T table = 1.983 and P value = 0.000 < Cut off Value = 0.05. Hypothesis 3: Influence the Budget (Z) positively and significantly to (Y) Household Welfare is accepted. The outcomes of SEM analysis obtained T statistical = 2,872 > T table = 1.983 and P value = 0.004 < Cut off Value = 0.05. Hypothesis 4: Influence the Aid (X) positively and significantly to (Y) Household Welfare through Budget (Z) as a moderate variable is accepted. The outcomes of SEM analysis obtained T statistical = 2,830 > T table = 1.983 and P value = 0.005 < Cut off Value = 0.05.   Originality/scientific novelty: It was found that the access of farmer group households to agricultural assistance and the sustainable use of budgets and their very effective distribution in general can be said to greatly improve the welfare of farmer group households. This research is topically broader in scope making it very specific based on the scope of sources in Palopo, Indonesia. As far as is known, these results have not been previously reported.   Practical value/implications: Management in the distribution of aid and access to agricultural budgets which are very vulnerable to misappropriation by the state apparatus has been identified as not improving the welfare of farmer households. One very effective way is to increase inherent surveillance.

Received date: 10 October 2018 Accept date: 22 Novemver 2018 Introduction Dental and oral health conditions in Indonesia are currently very concerned.1 Data of World Health Organization's (WHO) in 2016 emphasizes that caries has affected about 60 - 90% of schoolchildren, most caries in adults and elderly result in early permanent tooth loss.2 Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) in 2013 showed national prevalence of dental and mouth problems was 25.9%, fourteen provinces had prevalence above national rate and South Sulawesi had the highest prevalence of 36.2%.3 Study about description of caries status of students in public schools are many,1,4-6 but very few discuss about the description of dental and oral health status of santri in boarding school especially in South Sulawesi that the data was very few. [...]we are interested in screening oral and dental health status of students and teachers in the boarding school. Several studies have suggested that adolescents have higher rates of caries risk, increased risk of trauma and periodontal disease, malnutrition, desire for aesthetic demand, potentially tobacco use, alcohol and drugs, and other social and psychological disorders. [...]it takes effort to prevent and cope with dental and oral health problems by approaching oral health education. [...]it needs efforts and counseling to improve knowledge and awareness of dental and oral health at students and teachers Shohwatul Is'ad Islamic boarding school Ma'rang Sub-district Pangkep District to establish the attitude and behavior of maintaining proper dental health and encourage independence of students and teachers to detect their own dental and oral problems as an early prevention before referring to the dentist through primary health care approach.

Magnesium,Mg and its alloys have excellent physical and mechanical properties for a number of applications. Mg approximately 35% lighter than aluminum and has exceptional stiffness and damping capacity. Disadvantage of this metal and its alloys are highly susceptible to corrosion, particularly in salt-spray conditions and very susceptible to surface damage due to impact. This paper is an outcome of project to address corrosion problem at Mg chasis part in walkie talkie radio using cold spray technique. Current practise of corrosion treatment for Mg chassis structure is using organic coating contains no heavy metals, fluorides with no effect on the alloy composition upon recycling. Disadvantage of this technique is galvanic corrosion at Mg chassis part after 48hrs of salt spray testing and dull finishing. There is keen interest to explore potential applications of high pressure cold spray (HPCS) process onto Mg structure for corrosion treatment. One of the characteristic of cold spray process is creates a negligible heat-affected zone in the as-deposited material and substrate, therefore generating layers that exhibit excellent fatigue characteristics and spray efficiency in HPCS reaching up to 90%. Due to this features, cold spray is potential solution for corrosion treatment to be applied on Mg chassis structure.