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This study employs Multiscale Entropy (MSE) to analyze 5020 binocular eye movement recordings from 407 college-aged participants, as part of the GazeBaseVR dataset, across various virtual reality (VR) tasks to understand the complexity of user interactions. By evaluating the vertical and horizontal components of eye movements across tasks such as vergence, smooth pursuit, video viewing, reading, and random saccade, collected at 250 Hz using an ET-enabled VR headset, this research provides insights into the predictability and complexity of gaze patterns. Participants were recorded up to six times over a 26-month period, offering a longitudinal perspective on eye movement behavior in VR. MSE’s application in this context aims to offer a deeper understanding of user behavior in VR, highlighting potential avenues for interface optimization and user experience enhancement. The results suggest that MSE can be a valuable tool in creating more intuitive and immersive VR environments by adapting to users’ gaze behaviors. This paper discusses the implications of these findings for the future of VR technology development, emphasizing the need for intuitive design and the potential for MSE to contribute to more personalized and comfortable VR experiences.

Multiparameter continuous physiological monitoring (MCPM) technologies are critical in the clinical management of high-risk neonates; yet, these technologies are frequently unavailable in many African healthcare facilities. We conducted a prospective clinical feasibility study of EarlySense’s novel under-mattress MCPM technology in neonates at Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. To assess feasibility, we compared the performance of EarlySense’s technology to Masimo’s Rad-97 pulse CO-oximeter with capnography technology for heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) measurements using up-time, clinical event detection performance, and accuracy. Between September 15 and December 15, 2020, we collected and analyzed 470 hours of EarlySense data from 109 enrolled neonates. EarlySense’s technology’s up-time per neonate was 2.9 (range 0.8, 5.3) hours for HR and 2.1 (range 0.9, 4.0) hours for RR. The difference compared to the reference was a median of 0.6 (range 0.1, 3.1) hours for HR and 0.8 (range 0.1, 2.9) hours for RR. EarlySense’s technology identified high HR and RR events with high sensitivity (HR 81%; RR 83%) and specificity (HR 99%; RR 83%), but was less sensitive for low HR and RR (HR 0%; RR 14%) although maintained specificity (HR 100%; RR 95%). There was a greater number of false negative and false positive RR events than false negative and false positive HR events. The normalized spread of limits of agreement was 9.6% for HR and 28.6% for RR, which met the a priori-identified limit of 30%. EarlySense’s MCPM technology was clinically feasible as demonstrated by high percentage of up-time, strong clinical event detection performance, and agreement of HR and RR measurements compared to the reference technology. Studies in critically ill neonates, assessing barriers and facilitators to adoption, and costing analyses will be key to the technology’s development and potential uptake and scale-up.

Clinically feasible multiparameter continuous physiological monitoring technologies are needed for use in resource-constrained African healthcare facilities to allow for early detection of critical events and timely intervention for major morbidities in high-risk neonates. We conducted a prospective clinical feasibility study of a novel multiparameter continuous physiological monitoring technology in neonates at Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. To assess feasibility, we compared the performance of Sibel’s Advanced Neonatal Epidermal (ANNE) technology to reference technologies, including Masimo’s Rad-97 pulse CO-oximeter with capnography technology for heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) measurements and Spengler’s Tempo Easy non-contact infrared thermometer for temperature measurements. We evaluated key performance criteria such as up-time, clinical event detection performance, and the agreement of measurements compared to those from the reference technologies in an uncontrolled, real-world setting. Between September 15 and December 15, 2020, we collected and analyzed 503 h of ANNE data from 109 enrolled neonates. ANNE’s up-time was 42 (11%) h more for HR, 77 (25%) h more for RR, and 6 (2%) h less for SpO 2 compared to the Rad-97. However, ANNE’s ratio of up-time to total attached time was less than Rad-97’s for HR (0.79 vs 0.86), RR (0.68 vs. 0.79), and SpO 2 (0.69 vs 0.86). ANNE demonstrated adequate performance in identifying high and low HR and RR and high temperature events; however, showed relatively poor performance for low SpO 2 events. The normalized spread of limits of agreement were 8.4% for HR and 52.2% for RR and the normalized root-mean-square deviation was 4.4% for SpO 2 . Temperature agreement showed a spread of limits of agreement of 2.8 °C. The a priori-identified optimal limits were met for HR and temperature but not for RR or SpO 2 . ANNE was clinically feasible for HR and temperature but not RR and SpO 2 as demonstrated by the technology’s up-time, clinical event detection performance, and the agreement of measurements compared to those from the reference technologies.

Aeroallergens continue to have a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic diseases and have recently received increased attention in medical research throughout the world. The prevalence of aeroallergens vary in different regions, depending on the type of climate. The aim of the present study was to determine prevalence of the sensitivity to aeroallergens among patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), based on skin prick test (SPT) reactivity in the province of Bushehr, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 743 patients were enrolled. The participants had asthma and AR and reacted to at least one allergen with SPT. Skin prick test with standard extracts including house dust mites (HDMs), animal dander, molds and pollens were performed on patients according to the herbal geography of the area. The male to female ratio and mean age of the patients were 1.03 and 27.6± 15.4 year, respectively. Out of 567 patients with AR, the common aeroallergens were HDMs (88.5%), molds (82.9%), animal dander (79.5%), weeds (77.6%), trees (75.5%) and grass pollen (71.5%). Moreover, among 176 patients with asthma, the prevalence of aeroallergens were HDMs (90.5 %), molds (80.7%), animal dander (77.5%), weeds (73.3%), trees (73.3%) and grass pollen (67.9%). The sensitivity to animal dander, Chenopodium album and Russian thistle pollens were significantly associated with the severity of AR. Moreover, sensitivity to animal dander such as cat and feather of birds, cockroach, Bermuda grass and Chenopodium album pollens were significantly associated with the severity of asthma. The results of this study revealed that HDM was the most common sensitizing aeroallergen in patients with asthma and AR. Molds and animal dander as indoor allergens were also common aeroallergens. We suggest that the hot weather and ambient humidity in the region may be the main cause of the change in the pattern of SPT reactivity.

The Tarwal River basin with an area of 6560.20 km2 is located in the eastern part of Iranian Kurdistan Province. This river crosses the Qorveh and Dehgolan plains and joins the Ghezel Ozan River in Zanjan Province. The importance of this river as a source for drinking water and agricultural and industrial uses in the region necessitates the need for research in this field. The main purpose of this study is to identify the natural features of the riverbed from the perspective of river geomorphology and to investigate their impact on water quality and river self-purification capacity. To achieve this, the river style framework was employed. To investigate the effects of each style framework on the river, a total of 20 samples from the entrance and outlet of styles were obtained using Impact Assessment method and sampling standards which were later analyzed for their quality parameters including T, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, F, NO2, NO3, SO4, PO4, DO, COD and BOD. The results indicated that the changes in the styles lead to changes in water quality and the impact of each style is greater on the physical parameters than the chemical parameters. The river self-purification capacity varied depending on the style. The maximum and the minimum self-purifications occurred in fine-grained Anabranching and low-sinuosity fine-grained styles, respectively.

Asthma and allergic diseases present a major health burden. Information on the prevalence of these diseases indicates that these diseases are increasing in various parts of the world. It was hoped that this study would be helpful to health system policy-makers in planning allergy prevention programs in the region.The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases and relation between the various risk factors involved were assessed among schoolchildren in the city of Bushehr, Iran. The ISAAC Phase I and III questionnaires were completed by parents of 1280 children aged 6-7 years and self-completed by 1115 students aged 13-14 years.The prevalence of atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma among 6-7 year-old students were 12.1%, 11.8% and 6.7%, respectively. While, the prevalence of these diseases among 13-14 year-old students were found to be 19%, 30% and 7.6%, respectively. There was an association between asthma and allergic rhinitis as well as eczema (p<0.05). Consumption of fast food as a risk factor was significantly associated with asthma (p=0.03).The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases was high among schoolchildren in the city of Bushehr, Iran. Also an association was observed between the fast food consumption and asthma.

Pre-crisis management involves the optimal selection of relief and rescue centers to minimize vulnerability. Iran is particularly vulnerable due to its location on the Alpine-Himalaya seismic belt, resulting in an average death rate six times higher than the global average during earthquakes. Therefore, selecting appropriate relief and rescue centers is crucial to Iran’s disaster preparedness. When selecting the placement of rescue centers, accessibility and the appropriateness of the land should be taken into account as well as the distance from high-risk areas. The location of these centers does not require any particular combinations. To address this issue, a study was conducted utilizing GIS, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and mathematical models to determine the optimal placement based on 12 indicators within two clusters: natural and human. To examine the information layers of the initial stage, a spatial data repository concerning the variables impacting the placement of these centers was established using ARCGIS. Using functions and algorithms such as Fuzzy Logic in IDRISI, TOPSIS, and VIKOR software, the layers were assessed for weightage before being overlaid. The study’s analysis of the models used revealed that the positioning priority limits of the areas differed across all four models. Notably, the areas with high desirability varied to a greater extent: the fuzzy model varied by 9.3%, neural network by 12.4%, VIKOR by 4.5%, and TOPSIS by 16.2%. The variance in results can be attributed to the differing levels of risk acceptance and non-acceptance in each model. Additionally, the study yielded other significant findings such as the correlation between study area size and model accuracy. Specifically, smaller study areas exhibited higher model accuracy. The research also demonstrated that both fuzzy and VIKOR models achieved greater accuracy. As a result, employing these models in crisis management planning, particularly in pre-crisis management for identifying rescue center locations, would be highly advantageous and increase the precision of these endeavors.

This research project seeks to investigate the incorporation of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technology with human-computer interaction (HCI) in order to revitalize the Silk Road - specifically in Kermanshah, Iran - and its effect on cultural tourism. Kermanshah has underexplored the rich historical significance of the Silk Road, despite the presence of 24 UNESCO World Heritage sites. From the 2nd century BCE to the 18th century CE, the Silk Road was a vital trade route connecting the West and the East and had enormous cultural, economic, religious, and political effects. The purpose of this study is to examine the application of AR/VR technologies in HCI for the preservation, interpretation, and promotion of the Silk Road's tangible and intangible cultural heritage in Kermanshah, as well as their impact on cultural tourism development. The study also investigates how these innovative technologies can enhance visitors' experiences through immersive and interactive approaches, promote sustainable tourism practices, and contribute to the region's broader socioeconomic benefits. The research will analyze the challenges and opportunities of implementing AR/VR technology in HCI within the context of cultural heritage and tourism in Kermanshah and the Silk Road region more broadly. By combining HCI, AR/VR, and cultural tourism, this research seeks to provide valuable insights into the development of user-centered, immersive experiences that promote a deeper understanding and appreciation of the Silk Road's distinctive cultural heritage.

Rawls' theory of justice aims at fairness. He does not only think of justice between exiting parties in existing society, but he also thinks of it between generations intergenerational justice problem. Rawls' solution to this problem is the saving principle, and he says that we are responsible for being just with the next generations. Wolf thinks of our responsibility for future generations as a kind of financial debt that we have to pay. He also develops the meaning of \"saving\" and says that it is not restricted to the monetary one. Wolf extends the definition of \"saving\" such that it includes investment on behalf of the next generations as well. In this paper, I want to extend the meaning of \"saving\" to \"using the resources for sustainable and resilient systems.\" By referring to the problem of time, I show that our decision on behalf of the next generations will be rational only if we entirely use the natural resources and wealth to produce sustainable and resilient systems.