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Nanoparticles in suspension are often utilized for intracellular labeling and evaluation of toxicity in experiments conducted in vitro. The purpose of this study was to undertake a computational modeling analysis of the deposition kinetics of a magnetite nanoparticle agglomerate in cell culture medium. Finite difference methods and the Crank-Nicolson algorithm were used to solve the equation of mass transport in order to analyze concentration profiles and dose deposition. Theoretical data were confirmed by experimental magnetic resonance imaging. Different behavior in the dose fraction deposited was found for magnetic nanoparticles up to 50 nm in diameter when compared with magnetic nanoparticles of a larger diameter. Small changes in the dispersion factor cause variations of up to 22% in the dose deposited. The experimental data confirmed the theoretical results. These findings are important in planning for nanomaterial absorption, because they provide valuable information for efficient intracellular labeling and control toxicity. This model enables determination of the in vitro transport behavior of specific magnetic nanoparticles, which is also relevant to other models that use cellular components and particle absorption processes.

Livelihoods in drylands are already challenged by the demands of climate variability, and climate change is expected to have further implications for water resource availability in these regions. This paper characterizes the vulnerability of an irrigation-dependent agricultural community located in the Elqui River Basin of Northern Chile to water and climate-related conditions in light of climate change. The paper documents the exposures and sensitivities faced by the community in light of current water shortages, and identifies their ability to manage these exposures under a changing climate. The IPCC identifies potentially increased aridity in this region with climate change; furthermore, the Elqui River is fed by snowmelt and glaciers, and its flows will be affected by a warming climate. Community vulnerability occurs within a broader physical, economic, political and social context, and vulnerability in the community varies amongst occupations, resource uses and accessibility to water resources, making some more susceptible to changing conditions in the future. This case study highlights the need for adaptation to current land and water management practices to maintain livelihoods in the face of changes many people are not expecting.

Lo que se conoce acerca de fray Cipriano Aguilar, perteneciente a la Orden de Ermitaños de San Agustín, son algunos datos sobre su vida que constan en los documentos de la orden religiosa a la que perteneció y que aparecieron luego en dos publicaciones de carácter documental. Además, se sabe que participó en el concurso para la elección del Himno Nacional y que José Bernardo Alzedo lo reconoce, en el prologo de su libro Filosofía Elemental de la Música, como su maestro de música durante su infancia. El presente trabajo pretende mostrar evidencias de que fray Cipriano Aguilar, maestro de Capilla del Convento de San Agustín, está empleando la estética de Franz Joseph Haydn para la composición de música litúrgica, dentro del periodo de transición entre el virreinato del Perú y la República. Esto significaría que el estilo clásico austro/alemán fue asimilado en el Perú al igual como lo fue en Cuba, Venezuela y México.

Recently, the interest in using nucleic acids for therapeutic applications has been increasing. DNA molecules can be manipulated to express a gene of interest for gene therapy applications or vaccine development. Plasmid DNA can be developed to treat different diseases, such as infections and cancer. In most cancers, the immune system is limited or suppressed, allowing cancer cells to grow. DNA vaccination has demonstrated its capacity to stimulate the immune system to fight against cancer cells. Furthermore, plasmids for cancer gene therapy can direct the expression of proteins with different functions, such as enzymes, toxins, and cytotoxic or proapoptotic proteins, to directly kill cancer cells. The progress and promising results reported in animal models in recent years have led to interesting clinical results. These DNA strategies are expected to be approved for cancer treatment in the near future. This review discusses the main strategies, challenges, and future perspectives of using plasmid DNA for cancer treatment.

Escherichia coli O157:H7, a major pathogenic bacterium with a high impact on public health and increased antibiotic resistance, has been a significant concern. In this context, essential oil emulsions (EOEs) have emerged as a promising alternative for treating such pathogenic bacteria. Our study aimed not only to characterize Tea Tree Oil (TTO), Clove Oil (CLO), and Cinnamon Oil (CO) emulsions but also to evaluate their activity against E. coli O157:H7. The emulsions, prepared by mixing 10% v/v of each oil with 3% Tween 20 or 80 v/v and subjected to ultrasonication for 15 min, were then characterized by dynamic light scattering. The antimicrobial activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results suggested that CO with Tween 20 was stable regarding particle size, polydispersity index, and Z potential, as a difference was not found ( p  > 0.05) from day 0 to day 28 among them. On the other hand, CO with Tween 80 showed or tended to show apparently lower MIC (0.85 mg/mL) and MBC (0.95 mg/mL) than those of the rest of the emulsions. These promising findings indicate that the essential oil emulsions of Cinnamon oil had good stability and significant potential to be used as an alternative to treat pathogenic bacteria. Highlights Escherichia coli O157:H7 have a significant impact on public health. Essential oil emulsions are a novel approach for treating pathogenic bacteria. Cinnamon essential oil emulsion exhibits favorable stability. Cinnamon essential oil emulsion may be an alternative for treating pathogenic bacteria.

Several adverse biotic and abiotic factors occur during the development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), reducing yield and fruit quality. This study evaluated the Alternaria foliar severity and subsequently the tolerance to Ca deficiency in 90 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes, including 89 advanced S4 lines and one commercial control. The influence of Alternaria on yield and its components as average fruit weight, and total number of fruits per plant was studied using a randomized complete block design with three replicates and four plants per replicate. After plant pathology analysis, Alternaria lycopersici was identified as the pathogen responsible for Ca deficiency and yield loss. Despite of the pressure of A. lycopersici and Ca deficiency, 14 advanced lines showed a yield like that exhibited by the commercial check 'El Cid'. Among 89 S4 lines, five tomato lines were resistant to A. lycopersici infection (± 0% leaf severity), while 52 lines showed moderate resistance (≤ 25% leaf severity). A total of 24 advanced lines with no symptoms of blossom end rot due to Ca deficiency were identified. Additionally, two outstanding genotypes (48 and 49) from the source LOR95C were selected for their high total fruit weight per plant and natural resistance to A. lycopersici. These lines showed no Ca deficiency, so they can be used as open-pollination varieties to improve the program's elite materials. Finally, susceptible lines to A. lycopersici showed Ca absorption capacity decreases in fruit (26.15 µg g-1) and individual fruit weight (59.91 g). In contrast, resistant lines had values of 162.33 µg g-1, and an individual fruit weight of 107.11 g. This suggests that the lower the resistance to A. lycopersici in advanced lines, the more fruits with blossom end rot and lower average fruit weight due to calcium deficiency in the plant.

The objective of this study was to determine the bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles as a final irrigation agent in endodontics. This study included 120 uniradicular extracted dental organs inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and organized into 4 groups: (A) 30 teeth irrigated with a dispersion of silver nanoparticles (537 μg/mL); (B) 30 teeth irrigated with a sodium hypochlorite solution (2.25%); (C) 30 teeth irrigated with a dispersion of silver nanoparticles (537 μg/mL) + EDTA (17%); and (D) 30 teeth with a saline solution. After the irrigation protocol, the samples were analyzed through a spectrophotometer to measure the bactericidal effect and scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope in order to observe the presence of dental smear layer. The results showed that nanoparticles of 10 nm and the sodium hypochlorite at 2.25% were effective for eliminating E. faecalis, with no significant difference between them.