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The banking sector plays an essential role in the development process through basic services, such as mobilizing financial resources from surplus economic units and transferring them to units with deficits in a way that ensures optimal allocation of resources, a monitor for the businesses of companies that borrow from banks, a facilitator for trading, and a provider of the hedging mechanism and diversification of risks. In the case of Algeria, pressures have increased on the banking sector due to the weak financing role of the stock exchange to finance economic activity and achieve the required growth rate. The intensity of pressures increased due to internal and external challenges, such as the ineffectiveness of financial and banking activities. In this context, this paper aimed to present the development of the Algerian banking system while listing the most critical challenges facing it. Moreover, measuring indicators of the development of the banking sector, especially concerning the traditional activity of mobilizing deposits and providing credit. The study found that significant functional and structural imbalances hinder banking work by measuring those indicators, such as cash circulation outside banks, which requires more reform and modernization efforts that focus on developing the macroeconomic and banking activity environment.

The study examines Palestine's financial challenges and the critical need for stability, addressing both theoretical frameworks and practical applications. It underscores the economy's heavy reliance on foreign aid, budget deficits, and a vulnerable financial infrastructure due to political restrictions. The goal is to analyze these issues and propose recommendations aimed at enhancing financial stability. Achieving stability is crucial for fostering economic confidence, attracting foreign investments, and sustaining long-term growth. Using a descriptive-analytical approach drawing from economic reports and studies, the study identifies challenges such as public deficits, financial system weaknesses, and political constraints on economic activity. Recommendations include strengthening fiscal and monetary policies, reducing dependency on foreign aid, fortifying financial institutions, and improving public financial management to stimulate comprehensive economic development.

In light of Algeria's distinctive coastal and Marine Environment (ME), which is rich in resources. However, there are significant challenges as a result of marine pollution, climate change and unsustainable exploitation. This study focuses on examining marine environmental challenges and efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14: Life Below Water. The study aims to present the main environmental challenges facing the Algerian sea and coast, highlight the most important efforts made in environmental protection and coastal infrastructure development, and underscore opportunities for success in meeting these challenges. Among the results we found that there are significant environmental challenges, including marine pollution, declining water quality, and loss of biodiversity. Moreover, there are efforts being made by many stakeholders to protect the ME and achieve sustainable development goals. Finally, among the recommendations presented are strengthened international cooperation and exchange of knowledge and technology to achieve SDG14.