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"Zeller, Janet"
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Is paddling for you?
Zeller discusses canoeing and kayaking for disabled people and recommends ways to get started, such as receiving instruction from a certified instructor. The different types of available kayaks and canoes are examined.
Magazine Article
Senior FDA career executives: We're following the science to protect public health in pandemic
We are committed to making decisions guided by the best evidence. Our approach has been and must remain the gold standard that all can rely upon.
Newspaper Article
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure
Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, those who received the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin had a significantly lower incidence of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure than those who received placebo.
Journal Article
Circadian clock regulates the host response to Salmonella
Organisms adapt to day–night cycles through highly specialized circadian machinery, whose molecular components anticipate and drive changes in organism behavior and metabolism. Although many effectors of the immune system are known to follow daily oscillations, the role of the circadian clock in the immune response to acute infections is not understood. Here we show that the circadian clock modulates the inflammatory response during acute infection with the pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Mice infected with S. Typhimurium were colonized to higher levels and developed a higher proinflammatory response during the early rest period for mice, compared with other times of the day. We also demonstrate that a functional clock is required for optimal S. Typhimurium colonization and maximal induction of several proinflammatory genes. These findings point to a clock-regulated mechanism of activation of the immune response against an enteric pathogen and may suggest potential therapeutic strategies for chronopharmacologic interventions.
Journal Article
Body and Language: Intercultural Learning Through Drama
Highlights the bridging character of drama-based foreign and second language teaching for intercultural learning. Drama here is not limited to theater-related work, but means the interplay between body and language in general, to include, for example, sports, dancing, singing, and storytelling. The major techniques and curricular structures of educational drama and its application in the foreign and second language classroom are introduced. What are the techniques, methods, strategies, and curricular structures that engage language learners in continuing dialogue between one's own culture and the one yet to be discovered? What comprises the language we speak in order to understand and be understood? Which body is it we communicate through and to? This volume answers these and other questions of the pedagogy of drama-based teaching across the foreign/second language curriculum and on all levels of the educational pyramid. There are two major issues currently discussed in drama-based foreign and second language methodology. The first is goal-oriented, asking whether the acquisition of accuracy or fluency is more important, and whether a controlled (learning through imitation) or an open (through improvisation) learning environment is more efficient. The second issue concerns using drama in language teaching: either its use is process-oriented, where drama becomes an immediate medium for language learning, or product-oriented, where it becomes primarily the reason for language learning. The book outlines the theoretical frameworks of both issues and introduces personal narrative, comparative observation, and analytical reflection, illuminating opportunities for learning at both ends of the seemingly contradictory poles of both issues.
eBook
The Relationship of Continuity and Discontinuity, Functional Ability, Depression, and Quality of Life over Time in Stroke Survivors
The purpose of this study was to examine the concepts of continuity and discontinuity over time and to explore their relationships with depression, functional ability, and global quality of life (QOL). In a repeated‐measures design, 51 participants in an inpatient rehabilitation hospital were entered within 1 month of stroke and followed at 3 and 6 months; 33 completed the study. Depression, functional ability, and QOL all changed significantly between time 1 and time 2 and remained so through time 3 (6 months after stroke). There were no changes in continuity or discontinuity over time. Continuity/self, continuity/other, and discontinuity correlated moderately with depression and QOL at time 1; discontinuity and functional ability at time 1 correlated moderately with QOL at time 3. Functional ability related to discontinuity at time 3 and with QOL, otherwise, functional ability did not relate to the other variables, such as depression, in any time period. Although other variables changed over time, the sense of continuity/discontinuity did not. One of nursing's contributions to stroke survivors' rehabilitation may be in helping patients feel more continuous and less discontinuous with their prestroke sense of self.
Journal Article
Replication and Extension of the Continuity and Discontinuity of Self Scale (CDSS)
Purpose: To replicate and extend development of an instrument to measure continuity and discontinuity of self after stroke. Design: The conceptual basis for the instrument was derived from an existential phenomenologic study of stroke survivors, which showed that life after stroke included both continuity and discontinuity of self, experienced as control, independence, and connections with others. Methods: A 45‐item instrument with a three‐point response set was designed with standard instrument techniques. Study instruments included the Barthel Index (measure of functional abilities), and a pre‐ and poststroke QoL Cantril Ladder. The sample size for the initial study was 55, and for the replication study was 50. Principal components analysis was used in both studies. Data analysis was done with both the sample of 50 and with the combined samples, N=105. Findings: The sample in the replication study had lower functional ability scores than did that of the original study; demographic characteristics were not significantly different. Factor analysis of the 50 cases robustly replicated the two‐factor solution. When the samples were combined, however, a subtle pattern was detected in the “continuity” dimension, resulting in two factors for continuity and one factor for discontinuity, for an overall three‐factor solution. Conclusions: Continuity appears two‐dimensional, including control and independence as one dimension, and connections with others as the second. Discontinuity factored as a single dimension, indicating that perhaps loss permeates the components of discontinuity. Further study is in progress.
Journal Article
Measuring Continuity and Discontinuity Following Stroke
Purpose: To design and test a valid, reliable, and parsimonious instrument to measure continuity and discontinuity of self following stroke. Design: A 45‐item scale with a 3‐point response set was developed. The conceptual basis, “continuity and discontinuity in the experience of self,’ was derived from an existentialphenomenological study of stroke survivors. Study instruments included the Barthel Index (measure of functional abilities) and the pre‐ and poststroke QoL Cantril Ladder. Methods: The instruments were administered one time, in random order, to 55 stroke survivors in the United States in rehabilitation hospitals and in the community. Data were analyzed using a principal components factor analysis. Results: A 2‐factor solution with 10 items per factor was derived. Cronbach's alpha for Factor 1 (discontinuity of self) was .874 and for Factor 2 (continuity of self) was .869. Continuity and discontinuity were inversely related; continuity was related to functional abilities, but discontinuity was not. Conclusions: Use of this instrument validated findings from a qualitative study, which showed that life following stroke was a paradoxical sense of both continuity and discontinuity in the experience of self. This instrument can be used to measure the effectiveness of nursing interventions aimed at increasing stroke survivors' sense of continuity.
Journal Article
Forest Policy / Biosecurity
7Massive fires in Indonesian peatlands in the 1990s and in eastern Russian peatlands in 2002 and last year have highlighted the need to manage forests overlying peat deposits, as well as converted peat forests and open peatlands. Peat or peaty soils, contain 65% or more of partially decayed vegetation, can burn freely or underground. They cover some 10 percent of worldwide forests and contain 25 percent of all terrestrial carbon. Recent massive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from fires in forested peat and peatland in Indonesia and in Russia highlight the need for policies to reduce GHG emissions. We discuss major peatland areas and quantify their carbon stocks and potential GHG emissions. Trends show that year-to-year emissions are variable, with huge pulses that are a significant share of global GHG emissions. We group suggested policy options into three approaches. The first approach, which will reduce peat-related product demand, includes a) restricting peat, and products produced on cleared forested peatland, from being labeled or counted in GHG reduction achievements, as renewable (which palm oil currently is considered); b) developing full substitutes for horticultural peat (comprising about half mined peat use); and c) developing renewable power in countries still dependent on peat for power generation. These options reduce the rate of developing newly mined peat/forest areas. Options for a second approach, which treat already drained and cleared forested peatlands, are: d) restoring functioning peat ecosystems by closing drainage ditches, allowing natural rewetting, and “seeding” with peat vegetation fragments, e) requiring current peat operators to restore mined areas right after all peat is removed, and f) converting them to other land uses, despite the acidic conditions of mined peat bogs. These options sharply reduce risks of peat fires. Finally, a third group of policy options reduces ignition risks and limit fire spread: g) developing monitoring, suppression techniques, h) organizing local landowner protection groups and i) improving public fire organizations.
Journal Article