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تدور هذه الرواية \"زن و فن صيانة الدراجة النارية\" بقالبها البسيط عن رحلة يقوم بها الراوي على متن دراجة نارية مع ابنه كريس عبر عدة ولايات في أميركا مستخدما الطرق الخلفية الثانوية ويرافقهما في بعض أجزاء الرحلة عائلة سذرلاند المكونة من جون وسيليفيا اللذين يرفضان معرفة أبسط قواعد التكنولوجيا بما فيها أساسيات صيانة الدراجة التي يمتطيانها على عكس الراوي.

In Egypt, water shortage has become a key limiting factor for agriculture. Water-deficit stress causes different morphological, physiological, and biochemical impacts on plants. Two field experiments were carried out at Etay El-Baroud Station, El-Beheira Governorate, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt, to evaluate the effect of potassium silicate (K-silicate) of maize productivity and water use efficiency (WUE). A split-plot system in the four replications was used under three irrigation intervals during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Whereas 10, 15, and 20 days irrigation intervals were allocated in main plots, while the three foliar application treatments of K-silicate (one spray at 40 days after sowing; two sprays at 40 and 60 days; and three sprays at 40, 60, and 80 days, and a control (water spray) were distributed in the subplots. All the treatments were distributed in 4 replicates. The results indicated that irrigation every 15 days gave the highest yield in both components and quality. The highly significant of (WUE) under irrigation every 20 days. Foliar spraying of K-silicate three times resulted in the highest yield. Even under water-deficit stress, irrigation every fifteen days combined with foliar application of K-silicate three times achieved the highest values of grain yield and its components. These results show that K-silicate treatment can increase WUE and produce high grain yield requiring less irrigation.

Development of the synthetic approaches to styrenes modified with fluorophores is an important field of modern organic chemistry aimed at designing new monomers that expand the possibilities of polymerization reactions in manufacturing promising electroluminescent, sensor, and charge-transfer polymer materials for their use in LEDs, transistors, and other organic electronics devices. The present review summarizes and systematizes recently published data (2010–2023) on chemical modification of styrenes by introducing into the styrene para -position the most popular fluorophoric aromatic and heteroaromatic units through the formation of the C—C and C—N bonds between the phenyl and aryl or aminoaryl substituents.

BackgroundThe benefit and harms of low-dose glucocorticoid (GC) therapy for established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in combination with biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) are uncertain.ObjectivesWe investigated the effect of b/tsDMARDs on concomitant GC therapy among people with RA and the impact of low-dose GC therapy on disease activity and comorbidities.MethodsThis was an observational, monocentric, prospective study. We enrolled all RA patients who started their first b/tsDMARD between 2015 and 2020, excluding those with overlapped connective tissue diseases. The primary outcome was the odds ratio (OR) of persistent GC discontinuation at month 36 (M36), as assessed through multivariable logistic regression. We defined persistent GC discontinuation if GC therapy was not prescribed for ≥2 consecutive visits after 24 months. Secondary outcomes were the marginal means of prednisone daily dose and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) with C-reactive protein (CRP) over three years estimated through repeated-measures analysis of covariance. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, seropositivity, baseline DAS28 or GC dose. The impact of low-dose GC therapy on comorbidities and disease activity was also evaluated.ResultsThis inception cohort comprised 371 RA patients initiating their first b/tsDMARD: tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (n=298; 80.3%), abatacept (n=47; 12.7%), tocilizumab (n=11, 3.0%), rituximab (n=9; 2.4%), Janus kinase inhibitors (n=9; 1.6%). b/tsDMARDs were combined with low-dose GC therapy in 65% of patients at baseline, decreasing to 42% at M36. After starting b/tsDMARDs, the median (10th-90th percentile) dose of prednisone decreased from 5 (2-10) at baseline to 2.5 (0-5) mg daily at M36. The most decrease in prednisone dose occurred within the first six months of b/tsDMARD therapy. Persistent GC discontinuation was achieved in 23% of patients during follow-up, with a significantly higher discontinuation rate (34%) and a trend for lower exposure to GC therapy after M24 in patients diagnosed in the last decade compared to older cohorts (Figure 1A). Patients who discontinued GC therapy persistently were significantly younger (52 vs 59 years), had shorter disease duration (9 vs 13 years), more swollen joints (6 vs 4) and greater patient global assessment (65 vs 55 mm), and received higher doses of methotrexate (14 vs 12 mg/w). After accounting for confounders, patients who discontinued GC therapy persistently did not show worse disease control over time (Figure 1B) whilst developed less cardiovascular disease, especially hypertension (9% vs 19%, p=0.023) and coronary artery disease (0% vs 4.6%, p=0.044). Changing the molecular targets of b/tsDMARDs did not yield higher odds of persistent GC therapy discontinuation than keeping the initial drug class; in contrast, GC persistent discontinuation was less likely in older patients with longer disease duration (Table 1). Patients refractory to more than three b/tsDMARDs classes had numerically higher disease activity and received more prednisone during follow-up (Figures 1C and D).Figure 1.Table 1.Multivariable logistic regression of persistent GC discontinuation among RA patients on b/tsDMARDsP-valueOR95% CI (inferior)95% CI (superior)Disease duration, years0.0110.960.930.99Age, every five years increase0.0090.880.800.97DAS28CRP0.2531.140.911.43Switch (vs no switch)0.5211 switch0.3091.380.742.59≥2 switch0.3201.400.722.69CI, confidence interval; CRP, C-reactive protein; DAS28, disease activity score in 28 joints; OR, odds ratio; PtGA, patient global assessment. Multivariable logistic regression with persistent GC discontinuation as the outcome.ConclusionLow-dose GC therapy for RA persists in the majority of patients despite intensive use of b/tsDMARDs, yet is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and negligible effect on disease activity. This study also highlights a trend towards less reliance on GC therapy over the past 30 years.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsAlessandro Giollo Speakers bureau: Galapagos, Eli Lilly, Consultant of: Galapagos, Novartis, Sandoz, Margherita Zen: None declared, Mariangela Salvato: None declared, Francesca Frizzera: None declared, Konstantinos Botsios: None declared, Roberta Ramonda: None declared, Andrea Doria Consultant of: GSK, Astra Zeneca, UCB.

BackgroundAnti-small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 activating enzyme (anti-SAE) antibodies are rare myositis-specific antibodies, which are mainly associated with cutaneous involvement in inflammatory myositis (IIM).ObjectivesTo analyse clinical characteristics of anti-SAE positive Dermatomyositis (DM) patients in a monocentric cohort. We focused on clinical manifestations and type of organ involvement.MethodsIn a monocentric cohort of 169 patients with IIM, anti-SAE antibody positive patients were included in the study. Anti-SAE antibodies were investigated by immunoblotting. We considered the presentation symptoms at disease onset and during follow-up, focusing on musculoskeletal, cutaneous and pulmonary domains. Muscular involvement was evaluated by Manual Muscle Test-8 and creatin kinase (CK) levels. To determine interstitial lung disease (ILD), high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was performed at diagnosis and during follow-up and evaluated by an expert radiologist. Skin and joint involvement was evaluated by clinical judgment. Therapeutic approach was also considered.ResultsOf the 169 patients with IIM, 6 were positive for anti-SAE antibodies (3,5%). Among them, five were female and one male. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 46.3 years (range 5-78 years). Cutaneous manifestations were the most prevalent clinical features at disease onset. Indeed, all of the patients had photosensitive rash, heliotrope rash and Gottron papules. Mechanic’s hands were noted only in one patient with ILD. Four (70%) had arthritis. Muscular involvement, which was mostly mild, was evidenced by muscular weakness and high levels of CK (mean value 538 U/l) in 30% of patients (n=2). Three patients (50%) had radiological evidence of ILD at onset or during follow-up. Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) was the main pattern found. Story of malignancy was noted only in the male patient. Half of the patients (n=3) were treated with methotrexate (MTX). Because of drug intolerance, MTX was substituted by mycophenolate mophetil (MMF) in two of them. One patient received intravenous immunonoglobulin (IGIV) and cyclophosphamide (CYC) for persistent cutaneous disease activity.ConclusionIn our small cohort of patients, anti-SAE antibodies were strongly associated with skin disease, in one case severe. Lung involvement was another common clinical feature described and malignancy was noted in one case.Table 1.Clinical and serological characteristics of anti-SAE positive patientsParametersCase 1Case 2Case 3Case 4Case 5Case 6Age of onset (years)56145327857Age at diagnosis (years)66147327858GenderFMFFFFPresentationFever−+++−−Muscle weakness+−−−+−Dysphagia+−−++−Photosensitive rash+++Voice change−−−+−−Dyspnea−−+++−Myalgia+−−+−−Arthritis+−++−+Heliotrope rash+++Gottron papule+++Mechanic’s hand−−−−+−Skin ulcer−−−−−−Malignancy−+−−−−Interstitial lung disease−−+−++Laboratory valuesCK (U/L)NA564110100512128AST (U/L)NA274920NANALDH (U/L)NA7080386NANATreatmentANAENA+MTXMMF+PM-Scl-100MMF+MTX, IgIV,CYC, MMF+Tif-1-gammaMTX+NA+NACK creatine kinase, AST aspartate transaminase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, ANA anti-nuclear antibody,MMF mycophenolate mofetil, MTX methotrexate, IgIV intravenous immunoglobulin, CYC cyclophosphamideREFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

BackgroundFoot and ankle involvement is not encompassed in joint counts routinely used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). For this reason, RA patients with foot and ankle involvement are at risk of undertreatment.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of foot and ankle involvement in people with RA, and disease severity and RA-related comorbidities in this group.MethodsThis cross-sectional cohort study included all patients with established RA treated with biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) at our Unit between 11/2014 and 12/2021. The following variables were recorded systematically: demographics, RA characteristics and joints involved, glucocorticoid therapy and dose, DMARDs, disease activity score in 28 joints with C-reactive protein (DAS28), and extra-articular manifestations (RA-related lung diseases, rheumatoid vasculitis, rheumatoid nodules, neuropathy, skin diseases, systemic symptoms including Felty’s syndrome, and secondary Sjogren’s syndrome). We also assessed comorbidities as recommended by EULAR (cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, depression, osteoporosis, malignancy and infections). We performed crude comparisons between patients with and without foot and ankle involvement by chi-squared test of association and independent T-tests. We used logistic regression to determine the odds ratio (OR) of the association between foot and ankle involvement and b/tsDMARDs, adjusting for DAS28, use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and cardiovascular and lung disease.ResultsAmong 1192 RA patients included in this study, foot or ankle involvement was reported in 469 (39%), equally distributed for age (mean±SD 61±13 years) and sex (females 82%). Age at onset, disease duration, erosions, seropositivity, use and dose of glucocorticoid therapy and methotrexate were similar between groups. DAS28 was significantly higher (4.3±1.2 vs 3.7±1.4, p<0.0001) in RA patients with foot and ankle involvement, consistently with a significantly higher patient global assessment (55±22 vs 47±25 mm, p<0.001), and number of tender joints (7±5 vs 5±5, p<0.001) and swollen joints (4±4 vs 3±9, p<0.001); the distribution of RA patients according to categories of disease activity was also significantly different between groups (p<0.001; Figure 1). Nevertheless, the use of b/tsDMARDs was less intense in this group, as significantly fewer patients had received ≥2 b/tsDMARDs (28 vs 47%, p<0.0001) despite similar disease duration. They also received more frequently hydroxychloroquine (55.2 vs 46.5%, p=0.003). These patients had significantly more cardiovascular (20.3 vs 15.8%, p=0.046) and lung disease (6.0 vs 2.9%, p=0.008). The body mass index was also significantly higher (25.6±6.5 vs 24.7±8.2 kg/m2, p=0.048), yet the proportion of patients with obesity was similar between groups (11.3% and 9.3%, respectively). Logistic regression confirmed the significant associations of foot and ankle involvement with a less intensive b/tsDMARDs use and higher disease activity (Table 1).Table 1.Factors associated with foot and ankle involvementP-valueOdds ratio95% C.I. Lower95% C.I. Upperb/tsDMARDs (vs none) 1 b/tsDMARDs0.7841.050.731.51 ≥2 b/tsDMARDs0.0090.590.390.88Hydroxychloroquine0.0021.461.151.86Cardiovascular disease0.6191.080.791.49Lung disease0.0911.690.923.11DAS28<0.00011.251.131.38ConclusionNearly 40% of RA patients have foot and ankle involvement that associates with higher disease activity in other joints. However, we noticed low use of b/tsDMARDs in this group, a finding only partially explained by a substantially increased burden of RA-related cardiovascular and lung comorbidities.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsAlessandro Giollo Speakers bureau: Galapagos, Lilly, Consultant of: Galapagos, Novartis, Sandoz, Francesca Frizzera: None declared, Mariangela Salvato: None declared, Federico Arru: None declared, Filippo Vesentini: None declared, Margherita Zen: None declared, Andrea Doria: None declared.

Background:Obesity is a risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and serves as a negative prognostic factor for treatment response, low disease activity, and remission achievement. It affects up to 30% of RA patients, with overweight affecting up to 60%. Few studies have explored the influence of BMI on synovial histology in patients with inflammatory arthritis.Objectives:To assess the histological features of synovium associated with body mass excess among people presenting with chronic inflammatory arthritis (CIA).Methods:Thirty-four patients referred for inflammatory arthritis of the knee underwent an ultrasound (US)-guided knee biopsy between January and November 2023. The Krenn Synovitis Score (KSS) and the inflammatory infiltrate using CD68, CD138, CD3, CD20, CD34, calreticulin, and Act-ML immunohistochemical analysis were assessed. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI). We assessed these variables of interest: inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP); medications; patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including disability (HAQ) and fatigue (FACIT-F) scales; tender and swollen joint counts. All patients underwent musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) of the knee, and a synovitis score (SS) was calculated according to the EULAR-OMERACT guidelines. Correlations between KSS and variables of interest were assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient.Results:We enrolled 34 CIA patients (n=13 with rheumatoid arthritis, n=12 with psoriatic arthritis, n=9 with undifferentiated arthritis). There were sixteen overweight and three obese patients, fifteen had normal BMI. Clinical characteristics, PROMs, joint counts and medications were similar between the two groups; a linear relationship existed between BMI and KSS (r=0.401, p=0.01; Figure 1A). The relationship was also consistent between BMI and each term of KSS (synovial hyperplasia, stromal cell density, inflammatory infiltrate), which was consistent across subgroups and sexes. The synovium of obese patients showed elevated expression of calreticulin, Act-ML, CD138, CD34, CD68, CD20, and CD3, and was more frequently associated with a diffuse myeloid pathotype (Figure 1B). This association was more pronounced in RA patients (p = 0.3185) than in undifferentiated arthritis (UA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (Figure 1C). Additionally, a higher KSS was observed in obese patients with moderate to high disease activity (MDA/HDA) compared to the normal weight group, a pattern also noted in the low disease activity (LDA) group (Figure 1D). Furthermore, obese patients who failed biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) or methotrexate (MTX) exhibited a higher KSS than those who were of normal weight (Figure 1E).Conclusion:Body mass was identified as a primary determinant of knee synovitis severity in individuals presenting with CIA, as determined by MSUS and histologically confirmed. This association was particularly pronounced in RA patients compared to PsA or UA. The correlation between BMI and synovitis appears to be partially independent of disease activity. In conclusion, BMI should be regarded as an independent factor contributing to synovial inflammation. This consideration is crucial when making treatment decisions based on MSUS and synovial pathology.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

Background:Pentraxin-3 (PTX) levels are elevated in the serum and synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and high PTX3 levels have been linked to increased disease activity and radiographic damage. Anti-PTX3 circulating antibodies have been found in up to 40% of patients with rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases, and they have been linked to improved outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis. However, the role of anti-PTX3 antibodies in RA patients has yet to be determined.Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine the levels of anti-PTX3 antibodies in the serum of RA patients and to describe their associations with disease characteristics.Methods:We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional, prospective study on consecutive adult patients diagnosed with RA using the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. An expert rheumatologist confirmed the diagnosis. Anti-PTX3 antibodies were measured in serum using a standardised in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method that had previously been validated in a larger population of patients with connective tissue diseases, including RA. The anti-PTX3 antibody titre was expressed as optical density (OD) at 405 nm. A positivity cut-off was previously determined by receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses in which sensitivity was calculated in 130 patients with SLE and specificity in 130 healthy subjects at a value of 0.234 (sensitivity 46.2% and specificity 92.8%) [1]. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected. Independent examiners evaluated disease activity. At the 6-month follow-up, disease flares were defined as a CDAI increase of >4.5 [2].Results:The study included 83 patients, 85.5% of whom were females with long disease duration and low disease activity (Table 1). Anti-PTX3 antibodies were found in the blood of all 83 participants, with a median OD titre of 0.111±0.107. A titre above the pre-established cut-off for positivity was found in 7/83 (anti-PTX3+, 8.4%) (median OD titre: 0.341±0.105 in anti-PTX3+ vs. 0.106±0.08 in anti-PTX3-; p<0.001). Anti-PTX3+ and anti-PTX3- patients were similar in terms of age, disease duration, serum CRP and ESR, and erosive disease. All anti-PTX3+ patients tested negative for rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) (p=0.013), and none had extra-articular RA (p=0.096; Figure 1A). The absence of ACPA (p=0.008) and extra-articular disease (p=0.013) were significantly associated with anti-PTX3 antibody titres in multivariable linear regression, independent of DAS28. The anti-PTX3 titre was slightly but significantly higher in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) (0.149±0.090) than in patients treated with non-TNFi biologics (0.103±0.047; p=0.015; ANOVA; Figure 1B). At six months, we had eight flares, four of which required treatment escalation (bDMARD switch). All flares occurred in anti-PTX3- participants, while none of the anti-PTX3+ RA patients experienced disease flares after 6 months of follow-up.Conclusion:Significant titers of anti-PTX3+ antibodies were detected exclusively in seronegative RA patients and were associated with the absence of extra-articular features and disease flares at 6 months and the use of TNFi. Although preliminary and requiring validation in larger cohorts, these data suggest that anti-PTX3 antibodies may characterise a subset of seronegative RA with a good response to therapy.REFERENCES:[1] Bassi N, Zampieri S, Ghirardello A, Tonon M, Zen M, Cozzi F, Doria A. Pentraxins, anti-pentraxin antibodies, and atherosclerosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2009 Aug;37(1):36-43. doi: 10.1007/s12016-008-8098-6. PMID: 19016000.[2] Konzett V, Kerschbaumer A, Smolen JS, et alDefinition of rheumatoid arthritis flare based on SDAI and CDAIAnnals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2024;83:169-176.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

Background:Refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an emerging clinical condition. Clinically, two main patterns of refractoriness have been proposed. Non-inflammatory refractory RA (NIRRA) is characterised by more prevalent comorbidities, obesity, and painful syndromes, whereas persistent inflammatory RA (PIRRA) is characterised by musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS)-confirmed active inflammation (power doppler) or elevated inflammatory markers. However, neither MSUS nor inflammatory markers convincingly define NIRRA or PIRRA, and whether such conditions are associated with underlying synovial pathology has yet to be determined.Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare synovial inflammation, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the three main synovial pathotypes (lymphoid, diffuse myeloid, and fibroid/pauci-immune) in patients with NIRRA, PIRRA, and non-refractory RA.Methods:In this prospective, observational cohort study conducted between January 23 and January 10, 2024, we included patients with established RA who had not responded to standard therapy. All patients had active disease (clinical disease activity index > 10). We performed MSUS-guided synovial biopsies in accordance with EULAR-OMERACT guidelines. Joint inflammation was measured with the OMERACT grading (0 to 3). The Krenn Synovial Score (KSS) was calculated for each patient. To clinically characterise NIRRA and PIRRA phenotypes, we investigated patients’ perceptions of the disease through the administration of several patient-reported outcome measures, including short form-36 (SF-36), health disability questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI), and fatigue (FACIT-F).Results:During the study period, 47 patients had US-guided synovial biopsies of their joints performed, and 38/47 had adequate sampling or no missing data and were analysed (females 68.6%, median age 59 years). The median (interquartile range) disease duration was 5 years (26.5). PIRRA was diagnosed in 5 (13.2%) of the participants, NIRRA in 10 (26.3%), and non-refractory RA in 23 (60.5%). Compared to PIRRA, NIRRA patients had lower MSUS scores, tender joints, inflammatory markers, and physician global assessment scores (Table 1). In terms of SF-36 components, patients with NIRRA and PIRRA differed, with NIRRA having lower values for most domains (8/9) and the mental component and PIRRA having the best scores for emotional domains (even more than non-refractory patients; Figure 1A). FACIT-F and HAQ-DI did not differ across groups. Body weight and comorbidities were balanced except for fibromyalgia and depression, which were present respectively in 10% of NIRRA, 8.7% and 4.3% of non-refractory patients, and in none of PIRRA patients. With regard to synovial histology, KSS was lowest in NIRRA patients. Accordingly, synovial hyperplasia, density, and infiltrates were all lowest in NIRRA patients, while density was highest in PIRRA patients (Figure 1B). PIRRA had the highest CD20+ and CD138+ scores, while NIRRA had lower scores for all IHC markers (Figure 1C). The fibroid/pauci-immune pathotype was commonest in NIRRA patients (50% vs. 0% of PIRRA vs. 17.4% of non-refractory RA patients; p=0.108 for the Fischer Exact test), whereas the lymphoid pathotype was more common in PIRRA (60%) and non-refractory (61%) RA patients (Figure 1D).Conclusion:We found a more prevalent fibroid/pauci-immune pathotype in NIRRA patients and a lymphoid pathotype in PIRRA patients. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for categorising refractory RA into two groups.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

Background:SLE is burdened by an increased incidence and prevalence of Herpes Zoster (HZ) infection compared to the general population. Some patient features are known to be risk factors for HZ occurrence, including disease-related and treatment-related factors.Objectives:to analyse HZ infection incidence, episode characteristics, and risk factors in a large SLE cohort in the pre-non-live recombinant vaccine era.Methods:retrospective analysis based on clinical records collected at our SLE clinic from 2008. We considered only HZ episodes occurring after SLE diagnosis. We collected information regarding characteristics of HZ episodes, demographics, disease assessments prior to and after HZ episodes, including treatments administered up to a year before the episode. We also considered the presence of other immune deficits not captured by standard routine blood tests, including hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphocyte subpopulations cytopenias. By means of univariate analyses, data from patients with HZ infection were compared with those from other patients of our SLE cohort.Results:Among our 586 SLE patients, we found 112 episodes of HZ occurring among 109 SLE patients, with a prevalence rate of 19% and an incidence rate of 0.84 per 100 patients/year.HZ event features and characteristics of patients at HZ event are summarized in Tab1. No patient had ever received a HZ-vaccine before the HZ episode.Compared to the rest of our SLE cohort, HZ patients did not differ regarding demographics, including age and disease duration.HZ patients displayed higher exposure (ever) to immunosuppressants (IS) (.033), especially MMF/MFA (.004), a less frequent discontinuation of IS (.021), and a significantly lower frequency of prolonged remission (.046). In addition, leucopenia was more frequent (.045).Notably, SDI (SLICC Damage Index) (.68), aPL positivity ever, renal (and CKD), neurological or vascular involvement, HCQ exposure ever did not differ between HZ patients and controls. Of note, exposure to belimumab or rituximab (in the previous 12 months) was not associated with an increased risk of HZ.Among patients with HZ higher cSLEDAI (.027) and higher GCs cumulative dose (<.001), but not the type of IS used, were associated with post-herpetic neuralgia. Lymphopenia use was associated with HZ multi-site involvement.Conclusion:This work analyses HZ incidence, characteristics and risk factors in a large SLE cohort. In contrast with previous studies1,2, no impact of disease duration or age was seen. Disease severity did not influence HZ risk. Furthermore, despite IS therapies being generally associated with an increased HZ risk, some of them, including Belimumab and rituximab, seem not to share the same burden.REFERENCES:[1] Ryu et al., «Risk factors for herpes zoster in patients with rheumatic diseases».[2] Kwan et al., «Herpes Zoster in SLE».Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.