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"Zeng, Di"
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Evaluating body roundness index and systemic immune inflammation index for mortality prediction in MAFLD patients
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, contributing to both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular deaths. The Body Roundness Index (BRI) and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) have emerged as predictors of adverse outcomes in metabolic diseases. This study investigates the association between BRI, SII, and mortality risk in MAFLD patients. A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the NHANES database (January 1999–December 2018), including patients diagnosed with MAFLD. BRI and SII were calculated at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between these indices and all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular mortality, adjusting for confounders. Among 12,435 participants diagnosed with MAFLD, 3,381 (27.2%) were classified into the low BRI and low SII group, 2,889 (23.2%) into the low BRI and high SII group, 2,802 (22.5%) into the high BRI and low SII group, and 3,363 (27.1%) into the high BRI and high SII group. Compared to the low BRI and low SII group, the high BRI and high SII group demonstrated significantly higher all-cause mortality, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.89. For cardiovascular mortality, the HR was 2.31, while for non-cardiovascular mortality, the HR was 1.78. The high BRI and high SII cohort exhibited the highest risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and non-cardiovascular mortality. BRI and SII are independent predictors of mortality in MAFLD patients, and their combined use enhances risk stratification. Integrating these indices into clinical practice could improve personalized management strategies and outcomes in this high-risk population.
Journal Article
An efficient deep learning approach with frequency and channel optimization for underwater acoustic target recognition
Ship radiated noise (SRN) recognition is challenging due to environmental noise and the broad frequency range of underwater signals. Existing deep learning models often include irrelevant frequencies and use red, green, and blue (RGB) channel configurations in convolutional networks, which are unsuitable for SRN data and computationally intensive. To address these limitations, we propose FCResNet5, a neural network optimized for SRN classification. FCResNet5 adopts a streamlined architecture that focuses on the critical frequency band and applies frequency channelization to enhance spectral representation. Its compact design achieves greater computational efficiency while maintaining comparable accuracy. Ablation studies confirm the contribution of each component, and comparative results demonstrate that FCResNet5 offers a more efficient alternative to existing models without compromising performance.
Journal Article
Additive impact of diabetes and Helicobacter pylori infection on all-cause mortality, diabetic mortality, and cardiovascular mortality: a longitudinal nationwide population-based study
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) pose increasing public health challenges in aging societies, sharing common pathophysiological mechanisms, and linked to significant health risks. Our study examines their respective impacts on all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in a comprehensive longitudinal population-based analysis.
Methods
The study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database conducted between 1999 and 2019, which included information on Diabetes mellitus status and Helicobacter pylori infection status. Mortality data were obtained from the same database mentioned above.
Results
Among the 2719 participants, 1362 (50.1%) were free of both diabetes mellitus (DM) and Helicobacter pylori infection (HP) (DM −/HP −), 140 (5.1%) had DM alone (DM +/HP −), 1011 (37.2%) had HP alone (DM −/HP +), and 206 (7.6%) had both DM and HP (DM +/HP +). Compared to the DM −/HP − group, the DM +/HP − and DM + /HP + groups demonstrated increased all-cause mortality with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.40 (95% [CI] 1.07–1.78) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.15–1.84), respectively. For diabetic mortality, DM +/HP– group and DM + /HP + group showed increased HR of 6.30 (95% CI 1.30–30.43) and 8.56 (95% CI 1.98–36.94), respectively. For cardiovascular mortality, the DM + /HP– group and DM + /HP + group exhibited increased HR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.14–2.69) and 1.98 (95% CI 1.40–2.79), respectively. The DM + /HP + cohort displayed the highest risk of overall mortality (p for trend = 0.003), diabetic mortality (p for trend < 0.0001), an6d cardiovascular mortality (p for trend < 0.0001).
Conclusions
The concurrent presence of DM and Helicobacter pylori infection significantly amplifies the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and diabetic mortality. Individuals with either condition may necessitate heightened management to prevent the onset of the other ailment and reduce mortality rates.
Journal Article
Exploring the combined impact of hepatitis B antibody status and systemic immune-inflammation index on mortality risk: A population-based study
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health issue, leading to liver-related morbidity and mortality. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), a marker of systemic inflammation and immune response, may predict disease outcomes. However, its role in HBV infection and its relationship with HBV surface antibody (HBsAb) status is not well understood. This study investigates the association between SII, HBsAb status, and their combined effects on all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
We analyzed data from 43,539 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), categorizing them into four groups based on SII and HBsAb status: high/low SII with HBsAb-negative/positive. Mortality outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, and comorbidities.
In the analysis of 43,539 participants, the fully adjusted model revealed that SII was significantly associated with both all-cause mortality (HR = 1.138, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease mortality (HR = 1.402, p < 0.0001), indicating that higher SII independently increases the risk of both outcomes. While the crude model showed a protective effect of HBV surface antibody on all-cause mortality (HR = 0.491, p < 0.0001) and cardiovascular disease mortality (HR = 0.478, p < 0.0001), this effect diminished after full adjustment. Additionally, the combined effect of SII and HBV surface antibody on both mortality outcomes remained significant in the fully adjusted model (HR = 1.402, p < 0.0001).
Higher SII is independently associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. The protective effect of HBV surface antibody on mortality diminished after adjustment for confounders. The combined effect of SII and HBV surface antibody on mortality highlights the complex interaction between inflammation and immune response in chronic HBV infection. SII may serve as a useful predictor of long-term health risks in HBV-infected individuals.
Journal Article
Prognostic factors for intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct following surgical resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a biliary neoplasm characterized by intraductal papillary growth and varying degrees of malignant transformation. This study aimed to identify effective prognostic factors (PFs) for predicting the prognosis of IPNB after surgical resection, addressing the gap in the higher level evidence. We systematically searched databases from their inception to October 10, 2023. Data on 12 predetermined PFs were collected and subjected to a meta-analysis. Forest plots were used to summarize the findings. Fifteen studies with a total of 2311 patients were included. Among the PFs examined, extrahepatic tumor location (HR, 2.97; 95% CI 1.68–5.23), subclassification type 2 (HR, 2.62; 95% CI 1.45–4.76), R1 resection (HR, 2.47; 95% CI 1.73–3.51), elevated CA19-9 level (HR, 3.25; 95% CI 1.91–5.54), tumor multiplicity (HR, 2.65; 95% CI 1.40–5.02), and adjacent organ invasion (HR, 3.17; 95% CI 2.01–5.00) were associated with a poorer prognosis. Additionally, the combined HR values indicated that lymph node metastasis and poor tumor differentiation were linked to a worse prognosis, although both exhibited significant heterogeneity. Our study offers valuable insights for enhancing postoperative prognostication and treatment decision-making for IPNB patients with IPNB. These findings warrant further validation in future prospective studies.
Journal Article
Cascading effects of forested area and isolation on seed dispersal effectiveness of rodents on subtropical islands
1. Habitat loss and fragmentation often leads to defaunation of large-bodied mammals, and their loss could trigger release from top-down control or food resource competition for small mammal seed dispersers, which in turn may affect the effectiveness of seed disperal by alrering the number of dispersed seeds or the manner in which they are dispersed. Although rodents are primary seed dispersers in habitat subjected to defaunation, changes in seed dispersal effectiveness of rodents along mammalian defaunation gradients, and empirical support for mechanisms underlying alteration of this ecological process, are unclear. 2. We assessed the direct and indirect effects of forested area and isolation on seed dispersal effectiveness of rodents on 21 study islands with varying levels of defaunation in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We used camera sampling, live traps and semi-quantitative acorn counts to assess occurrence of large-bodied mammal species, relative abundance of small rodent species and seed crop size respectively. Seed dispersal, post-dispersal seed survival, seedling emergence, and seedling survival were estimated by tracking fates of tagged acorns and by planting acorns in exclosures. 3. Forested area had positive indirect effects on seed dispersal effectiveness through defaunation and rodent competition for acorns, whereas isolation had negative direct and weaker positive indirect effects on seed dispersal effectiveness mediated by loss of large-bodied mammals and rodent competition for acorns. Loss of large-bodied mammals negatively affected seed dispersal effectiveness indirectly by virtue of its impact on rodent competition for acorns. Seed dispersal effectiveness exhibited a unimodal relationship with intensity of rodent competition for acorns, peaking at intermediate levels. 4. Synthesis. Indirect effects of island attributes mediated by defaunation of large-bodied mammals on small or isolated islands appear to drive altered competition for food among rodents and decreased seed dispersal effectiveness. Altered interactions between acorns and their rodent consumers/dispersers can substantially affect oak population demography in the Thousand Island Lake system. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance to the seed dispersal process of multiple interwoven effects between habitat fragmentation and defaunation of large-bodied mammals.
Journal Article
Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a meta-analysis of survival outcomes
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCC) is an aggressive hepatobiliary malignancy with limited therapeutic options and poor survival outcomes. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has emerged as a promising treatment alternative to systemic chemotherapy, but its clinical benefits require comprehensive evaluation.
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, including 10 studies with 1,493 patients. Data on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and key prognostic factors were extracted. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using a random-effects model.
HAIC significantly improved OS (HR = 0.51, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 0.58, p < 0.001) compared to systemic chemotherapy. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent benefits across various patient characteristics, including age, tumor stage, and baseline liver function. Patients with lower tumor burden (HR = 0.45) and ECOG performance status ≤1 (HR = 0.50) derived the greatest benefit. Additionally, patients with CA 19-9 levels <1,000 U/mL showed significantly improved OS (HR = 0.48).
HAIC prolongs survival and improves disease control in advanced iCC patients compared to systemic chemotherapy. These findings support the adoption of HAIC as a valuable treatment strategy for selected patients, particularly those with lower tumor burden and favorable performance status.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024615752.
Journal Article
Functional and phylogenetic structure of island bird communities
1. Biodiversity change in anthropogenically transformed habitats is often nonrandom, yet the nature and importance of the different mechanisms shaping community structure are unclear. Here, we extend the classic Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB) to account for nonrandom processes by incorporating species traits and phylogenetic relationships into a study of faunal relaxation following habitat loss and fragmentation. 2. Two possible mechanisms can create nonrandom community patterns on fragment islands. First, small and isolated islands might consist of similar or closely related species because they are environmentally homogeneous or select for certain shared traits, such as dispersal ability. Alternatively, communities on small islands might contain more dissimilar or distantly related species than on large islands because limited space and resource availability result in greater competitive exclusion among species with high niche overlap. 3. Breeding birds were surveyed on 36 islands and two mainland sites annually from 2010 to 2014 in the Thousand Island Lake region, China. We assessed community structure of breeding birds on these subtropical land-bridge islands by integrating species' trait and evolutionary distances. We additionally analysed habitat heterogeneity and variance in size ratios to distinguish biotic and abiotic processes of community assembly. 4. Results showed that functional-phylogenetic diversity increased with island area, and decreased with isolation. Bird communities on the mainland were more diverse and generally less clustered than island bird communities and not different than randomly assembled communities. Bird communities on islands tend to be functionally similar and phylogenetically clustered, especially on small and isolated islands. 5. The nonrandom decline in species diversity and change in bird community structure with island area and isolation, along with the relatively homogeneous habitats on small islands, support the environmental filtering hypothesis. Our study demonstrates the importance of integrating multiple forms of diversity for understanding the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and further reveals that TIB could be extended to community measures by moving beyond assumptions of species equivalency in colonisation rates and extinction susceptibilities.
Journal Article
Effects of Glucose and Corn Syrup on the Physical Characteristics and Whipping Properties of Vegetable-Fat Based Whipped Creams
The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of glucose and corn syrup on the physical characteristics and whipping properties of whipped creams. The interfacial protein concentration and apparent viscosity of emulsions increased with an increasing sugar concentration. In whipped creams, a shorter optimum whipping time (top), higher fat coalescence degree, higher firmness and higher stability were detected as sugar concentration increased. The partial coalescence degree, overrun and firmness of whipped cream with 30 wt% glucose reached 76.49%, 306% and 3.82 N, respectively, significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those (67.15%, 235% and 3.19 N) with 30 wt% corn syrup. Compared with glucose at the same sugar concentration, higher interfacial protein concentration and less-shaped aggregates and coalescences were observed for the emulsions upon the addition of corn syrup, which caused a lower degree of fat coalescence and a lower firmness of whipped cream. The differences could be explained by the presence of maltodextrin (MDX) in corn syrup, which protects absorbed protein throughout freezing and retards the formation of a continuous network during whipping. As a result, the addition of sugars could well improve stability of emulsion, firmness and foam stability of whipped cream efficiently. With a 25–30 wt% sugar addition, even if there was a lower partial coalescence degree and firmness compared with glucose, whipped cream with corn syrup exhibited relatively good stability. These results suggest that MDX improves the stability of emulsion and, thus, has a potential use in low-sugar whipped cream.
Journal Article