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Abiotic stress factors can significantly affect insects. In particular, the stressful effects of exposure to ultrasound on insects are considered important. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ultrasound on the important global pest Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), which is the main vector of the pinewood nematode. We exposed M. alternatu s adults (aged 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days) to ultrasound at different frequencies (using two ultrasonic devices, i.e., LHC20 with a mixture of frequencies at 35 kHz, 70 kHz, and 105 kHz; and GFG-8016G at two separate frequencies of 30 kHz and 60 kHz) for different periods of time (1 h, 12 h, and 24 h), before evaluating the juvenile hormone III (JHIII) titers. All of the ultrasound treatments significantly decreased the JHIII titers in M. alternatus adults. The decreases in the JHIII titers due to ultrasound exposure did not differ according to sex, but the effects on beetles of different ages differed significantly depending on the duration of exposure. The decreases in the JHIII titers were highest in male and female beetles after exposure to ultrasound for 12 h. Following exposure to ultrasound for any time period, the decreases in the JHIII titers were lower in adults aged 3 days than those aged 1 day and 5 days. The different ultrasonic frequencies led to variable decreases in the JHIII titers in M. alternatus adults, where the greatest decreases occurred in beetles exposed to ultrasound at 60 kHz. Our results indicate that ultrasound can negatively affect the normal JHIII levels and it may further disrupt sexual maturation by M. alternatus adults.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck malignancy. The oncometabolites have been studied in OSCC, but the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming remains unclear. To identify the potential metabolic markers to distinguish malignant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue from adjacent healthy tissue and study the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming in OSCC. We compared the metabolites between cancerous and paracancerous tissues of OSCC patients by 1 HNMR analysis. We established OSCC derived cell lines and analyzed their difference of RNA expression by RNA sequencing. We investigated the metabolism of γ-aminobutyrate in OSCC derived cells by real time PCR and western blotting. Our data revealed that much more γ-aminobutyrate was produced in cancerous tissues of OSCC patients. The investigation based on OSCC derived cells showed that the increase of γ-aminobutyrate was promoted by the synthesis of glutamate beyond the mitochondria. In OSCC cancerous tissue derived cells, the glutamate was catalyzed to glutamine by glutamine synthetase (GLUL), and then the generated glutamine was metabolized to glutamate by glutaminase (GLS). Finally, the glutamate produced by glutamate-glutamine-glutamate cycle was converted to γ-aminobutyrate by glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2). Our study is not only benefit for understanding the pathological mechanisms of OSCC, but also has application prospects for the diagnosis of OSCC.

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by coccidia and Clostridium perfringens (CCP) infection poses significant economic losses in poultry production. The present study aimed to identify the potential beneficial effects of Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) postbiotics on broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge. A total of 180 Arbor Acres + broilers were randomly assigned to three groups: control group (CTR, fed basal diet), CCP group (challenged with CCP) and LR + CCP group (100 mg/kg LR with CCP infection). The formal animal experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed that LR + CCP group exhibited higher body weight on days 19 and 28 compared with the CCP group, along with increased average daily feed intake and average daily gain during days 1–18, 19–28 and 1–28 ( P  < 0.05). The LR supplementation significantly reduced plasma diamine oxidase and lysozyme levels, increased jejunal villus height and ileal Claudin-1 and Mucin2 expression of NE-challenged broilers ( P  < 0.05). It down-regulated ileal IL-1β , IFN-γ , NOD1 and TGF-β expression and up-regulated jejunal MHC-II and ileal Leap2 expression of challenged broilers ( P  < 0.05). Furthermore, LR supplementation decreased ileal Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and increased Bacteroidota abundance ( P  < 0.05). In summary, dietary LR improved intestinal morphology, mitigated intestinal inflammation, and modulated ileal microbiota, contributing to the improvement of intestinal health and growth performance of NE-challenged broilers.

Low‐dimensional halide perovskites are highly susceptible to thermal quenching (TQ) due to strong soft lattice nature. Currently, examples of thermally enhanced NIR luminescence in low‐dimensional materials are very scarce to the knowledge. Herein, the active role of vibronic coupling is manifested through thermal tunability of broadband NIR emission in 0D W4+‐activated Cs2ZrCl6, leading to anti‐TQ behavior ranging from 80 to 613 K. Interestingly, the internal quantum efficiency is dramatically boosted from 55.9% to 92.9% in Cs2ZrCl6: W4+, Ce4+ while retaining zero‐TQ luminescence between 303 and 423 K. Transient‐state spectroscopy reveal the distribution of thermally released charge carriers among the vibronically coupled d‐electronic states of W4+ ion is responsible for excellent thermal stability. Density functional theory calculations confirm that weak transient lattice distortion of isolated [WCl6]2– octahedra in the excited state can combat TQ enabled by Franck–Condon vibronic coupling. Utilizing this thermal‐tolerant characteristic, both bandwidth‐ and lifetime‐based thermometers have been developed with low temperature uncertainties below 0.12 K. Moreover, NIR spectroscopy‐type sensor is presented for quantitative HF gas detection with concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent high sensing response and low detection limit. These findings may provide a vital insight into vibronic coupling‐assisted heat‐favorable NIR emissions in low‐dimensional materials for versatile applications. A vibronic coupling‐assisted way is provided for circumventing thermal quenching related to transient lattice distortion in 0D halide perovskites, and this study offers comprehending electron–lattice interactions in low‐dimensional host–W4+ dopant systems for the development of thermally tunable NIR spectroscopy applications, such as HF gas sensing and thermometry.

Lanthanide‐based NIR‐II‐emitting materials (1000–1700 nm) show promise for optoelectronic devices, phototherapy, and bioimaging. However, one major bottleneck to prevent their widespread use lies in low quantum efficiencies, which are significantly constrained by various quenching effects. Here, a highly oriented (222) facet is achieved via facet engineering for Cs2NaErCl6 double perovskites, enabling near‐complete suppression of NIR‐II luminescence quenching. The optimally (222)‐oriented Cs2Ag0.10Na0.90ErCl6 microcrystals emit Er3+ 1540 nm light with unprecedented high quantum efficiencies of 90 ± 6% under 379 nm UV excitation (ultralarge Stokes shift >1000 nm), and a record near‐unity quantum yield of 98.6% is also obtained for (222)‐based Cs2NaYb0.40Er0.60Cl6 microcrystallites under 980 nm excitation. With combined experimental and theoretical studies, the underlying mechanism of facet‐dependent Er3+ 1540 nm emissions is revealed, which can contribute to surface asymmetry‐induced breakdown of parity‐forbidden transition and suppression of undesired non‐radiative processes. Further, the role of surface quenching is reexamined by molecular dynamics based on two facets, highlighting the drastic two‐phonon coupling effect of a hydroxyl group to 4I13/2 level of Er3+. Surface‐functionalized facets will provide new insights for tunable luminescence in double perovskites, and open up a new avenue for developing highly efficient NIR‐II emitters toward broad applications. The preferred (222) facet in Cs2NaErCl6 double perovskite is favorable for Er3+ 1540 nm emission with a record quantum yield of 98.6% under 980 nm excitation, which is useful for surface modification. These findings suggest facet engineering is a new way for realizing highly efficient Er3+‐based NIR‐II emitters toward broad applications.

An ultra performance liquid chromatography – electrospray ionization triple-quadruple tandem mass spectrometric(UPLC–ESI MS /MS) method was developed for determining Quinololine antibiotics (Carbadox,, Quinocetone, Mequindox, Olaquindox, Cyadox, Tilmicosin, Tylosin, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, 3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid) and aminoglycoside antibiotics(Tilmicosin, Tylosin) residues in Penaeus. vannamei, Samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile, then cleaned up with hexane. The separation of targets was carried out on a Waters BEH C18 column using acetonitrile and 0. 1% fomicacid as mobile phase. Analyte identification and quantification were performed by MS/MS under multiple-reaction monitering(MRM) mode with the external standard method. The results showed that there were good linear relationships between peak area and concentrations of nine targets in the range of 2.5 ~ 50 μg/L, with correlation coefficients more than 0. 999 and The limits of detection(LOD) were in the range of 0. 1 ~ 0.9 μg/kg. the recoveries ranged from 80.2% ~ 94.0%, with RSDs of 1.7%~8.4%. The method is simple, accurate and precise, and It could satisfy the requirement of mass and fast analysis in the laborator.

Background Our study was aimed to validate a modified RBD (REM sleep behavior disorder) single question (RBD1Q-C), study the prevalence of probable RBD ( p RBD) in a rural community based on RBD1Q-C and investigate the association between p RBD and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods The validation study of RBD1Q-C included 32 Chinese participants (14 idiopathic RBD patients and 18 controls). All participants underwent a polysomnogram (PSG). We then conducted a door-to-door survey to estimate the prevalence of p RBD assessed by RBD1Q-C, and its association with PD among 19614 residents who lived in Malu community of Shanghai, China. Results RBD1Q-C demonstrated a high sensitivity of 100 %, a moderate specificity of 55.6 %. The agreement between RBD1Q-C and PSG-based RBD diagnosis was good (k = 0.552). PPV of the RBD1Q-C was 63.6 % and NPV was 100 %. The prevalence of p RBD in Malu community was 4.9 %. In people over 50 years old, presence of p RBD was significantly associated with increased risk of having PD (odds ratio = 2.61, 95 % CI: 1.56–4.39). Conclusion RBD1Q-C was shown to be a useful screening tool. Based on the RBD1Q-C, we found that p RBD was not rare in Chinese rural population and associated with odds of PD, calling for more attention from patients, caregivers and physicians.

To assess the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in patients with suspected central nervous system (CNS) infections. prospective study was conducted from December 2019 to January 2024, enrolling 110 patients with suspected CNS infections. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were subjected to mNGS, conventional biochemistry, and culture. Clinical features and outcomes were compared between patients confirmed with CNS infections and those without. Of the enrolled patients, 69 were diagnosed with CNS infections. mNGS identified pathogens in 62 cases (77.11%), including 54 clinically confirmed true positives (49.09%), significantly surpassing traditional CSF culture (6.36%). mNGS reported results within 24 hours, considerably shorter than the 72~120 hours required for culture. Compared to the non-infection group, patients with CNS infections had significantly higher ICU admission(ICUA) rates, prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and elevated rates of antibiotic adjustment and mNGS positivity (P<0.05). CSF turbidity, cell count, and protein levels were significantly elevated, while glucose and chloride levels were reduced. Logistic regression identified mNGS, CSF protein, and glucose levels as independent predictors of CNS infection. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy for continuous CSF variables over binary ones, with mNGS showing robust performance [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.794]. mNGS offers rapid and accurate pathogen detection, outperforming conventional methods in sensitivity and turnaround time, and provides valuable guidance for individualized antimicrobial treatment in CNS infections.

Self‐trapped excitons (STEs) are generating significant interest due to their broadband emission and self‐absorption‐free advantages. However, achieving high‐efficiency singlet/triplet STE near‐infrared (NIR) emissive tuning remains challenging issues that originate from energy gap law and large Stokes shift. Herein, novel manganese iodide dimers have been demonstrated in CsI crystalline matrix with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 18% and 25% for singlet and triplet STE emissions up to 1200 nm, respectively, where ultrafast spin‐flip process from triplet to singlet excited states is realized via Pb2+‐doping strategy. Temperature‐dependent steady‐state, electron paramagnetic resonance, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations verify intersystem crossing, and reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) processes are governed by the interplay between spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) and Jahn–Teller (JT) effect. RISC is accelerated by enhanced SOC due to heavy‐atom effects (Pb and I), suppressed JT distortions, and reduced excited‐state structural reorganization, leading to RISC rate as fast as 6.7 × 1011 s‒1, more than two‐order‐of‐magnitude enhancement before Pb doping. Moreover, a unified framework is developed including Mn2+‐Mn2+ ion pair, molecular orbital, and configurational coordinate diagram to interpret STE‐based NIR emissions in 0D systems. These findings gain deep insights into ultrafast STE dynamics for designing highly emissive NIR materials toward photonic applications. Here, unique 0D manganese iodide dimers are developed where Pb2+‐induced strong spin‐orbit coupling can accelerate reverse intersystem crossing for rapid spin‐flip from triplet to singlet manifold, and suppress Jahn–Teller distortions and excited‐state structural reorganization for regulating self‐trapped exciton near‐infrared‐II emissions with high quantum efficiencies toward multiplexed optical information storage.

Our previous studies showed that γδ T cells provided immune protection against Chlamydial muridarum (Cm), an obligate intracellular strain of chlamydia trachomatis, lung infection by producing abundant IL-17. In this study, we investigated the proliferation and activation of lung γδ T cell subsets, specifically the IL-17 and IFNγ production by them following Cm lung infection. Our results found that five γδ T cell subsets, Vγ1+ T, Vγ2+ T, Vγ4+ T, Vγ5+ T, and Vγ6+ T, expressed in lungs of naïve mice, while Cm lung infection mainly induced the proliferation and activation of Vγ4+ T cells at day 3 p.i., following Vγ1+ T cells at day 7 p.i. Cytokine detection showed that Cm lung infection induced IFNγ secretion firstly by Vγ4+ T cells at very early stage (day 3) and changed to Vγ1+ T cells at midstage (day 7). Furthermore, Vγ4+ T cell is the main γδ T cell subset that secretes IL-17 at the very early stage of Cm lung infection and Vγ1+ T cell did not secrete IL-17 during the infection. These findings provide in vivo evidence that Vγ4+T cells are the major IL-17 and IFNγ-producing γδ T cell subsets at the early period of Cm lung infection.