Explore the vast range of titles available.

The sample distribution has a vital influence on the quality of a Kriging surrogate model, which may further influence the required cost or convergence of the surrogate model-based design and optimization problems. Adaptive sampling methods utilize the information from existing samples to reasonably allocate the sequential samples, which can generally build a more accurate Kriging surrogate model under the same computational budget. However, most of the existing adaptive sampling methods for the Kriging surrogate model are only available for single-output problems, and there are few studies on problems with multiple responses. In this paper, an adaptive sampling method based on Delaunay triangulation and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed for Kriging surrogate model with multiple outputs (mKMDT). In the proposed mKMDT, Delaunay triangulation is used to partition the design space into multiple triangle regions, whose area denotes the dispersion of the sample points. The prediction error at each triangle’s centroid represents the local approximation error. Specifically, three different strategies are developed when allocating weights to the area and the prediction error of each triangle with the entropy method and the TOPSIS method. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated through numerical examples with different numbers of outputs and a collision problem between the missile and the adapter. Results show that the proposed method can construct an accuracy surrogate model with few samples, which is useful for practical engineering design problems with multiple outputs.

A longstanding trade‐off between stiffness and tunability has significantly constrained the multifunctional potential of architected metamaterials. Here, a generalizable design framework is introduced that integrates shell‐ and plate‐based lattice architectures via a spatially compensated Boolean fusion strategy. The design enables tunable architectures with optimized mechanical robustness. The capability is demonstrated through two representative configurations: one based on Primitive TPMS and one on IWP TPMS, each fused with simple cubic plate lattices. The resulting structures are fabricated with high geometric fidelity using PolyJet printing and evaluated across multiple scales using homogenization, quasi‐static compression testing, and finite element analysis. Compared with similarly ultrastiff plate lattices, the hybrid structure achieves a 213.98% increase in the tunable range of effective elastic modulus. The hybrid lattices reach 137.34% and 110.84% of the Hashin‐Shtrikman upper bound for Young's modulus at relative densities of 0.33 and 0.34, respectively. Compared to single lattices, the hybrid designs show significant improvements: ultimate stress increased by up to 690% and specific energy absorption increased by 110%. The proposed metamaterials offer excellent tunability and mechanical performance, providing the flexibility to tailor structural behaviors for diverse applications such as biomedical engineering, acoustic isolation, and intelligent infrastructure systems. This work breaks the persistent stiffness‐tunability compromise in metamaterials through a spatial Boolean fusion strategy integrating Primitive/IWP TPMS shells with cubic plate lattices. The framework enables highly tunable architectures with optimized robustness, fabricated via PolyJet printing. Multi‐scale validation through homogenization, quasi‐static compression, and FEA confirms exceptional mechanical performance: achieving stiffness exceeding theoretical Hashin‐Shtrikman bound upper alongside dramatic strength and energy absorption enhancements versus conventional lattices. These hybrid metamaterials deliver tailored mechanical responses for biomedical implants, acoustic isolation, and adaptive infrastructure systems.

The growing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases, including colitis and Crohn's disease, poses a critical challenge for global healthcare. Current development of α1,2‐fucosylation‐enhancing strategies shows significant potential as a colitis treatment modality by promoting gut homeostasis. Although certain probiotics alleviate colitis by enhancing intestinal α1,2‐fucosylation, the molecular mechanisms by which probiotics‐derived metabolites modulate this process remain unclear. This study found that the probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) enhanced intestinal α1,2‐fucosylation, a crucial factor contributing to its colitis‐alleviating effects. Specifically, A. muciniphila‐derived N‐acetylspermidine upregulated α1,2‐fucosylation, thereby enhancing barrier integrity and suppressing inflammation, which are reversed upon α1,2‐fucosylation inhibition. Mechanistically, N‐acetylspermidine upregulated HDAC2 via PIM1 inhibition, leading to decreased chromatin accessibility at the TP73 locus, subsequently increasing the expression of α1,2‐fucosylation‐associated gene C1GALT1C1. Furthermore, N‐acetylspermidine‐induced α1,2‐fucosylation enhancement facilitated the membrane localization of ZO‐1 and ZO‐2, while suppressing C3 secretion, both of which contributed to colitis alleviation. Together, our findings elucidate how A. muciniphila and its metabolite N‐acetylspermidine regulate intestinal α1,2‐fucosylation to maintain gut homeostasis and highlight their therapeutic potential in developing biological therapies for colitis. This study demonstrates that Akkermansia muciniphila alleviates colitis by enhancing intestinal α1,2‐fucosylation through its metabolite N‐acetylspermidine. Mechanistically, N‐acetylspermidine‐induced PIM1 inhibition promotes HDAC2‐mediated reduction of chromatin accessibility at TP73, thereby upregulating C1GALT1C1 to boost α1,2‐fucosylation. These findings underscore the therapeutic promise of probiotic‐derived α1,2‐fucosylation modulation for inflammatory bowel disease. The graphical is created using BioRender.

Since late 2010, the outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in China has resulted in the deaths of millions of suckling piglets. The main cause of the disease outbreak was unknown. In this study, partial spike (S), ORF3, and membrane (M) genes amplified from these variants were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the variants could be clustered into one to three subgroups and suggested that S genes were variable, while M genes were relatively conserved. Moreover, in comparison with the vaccine strain CV777, sequence alignment analyses revealed that the S genes of the newly isolated strains contained several mutations at the aa level. It is possible that these mutations have changed the hydrophobicity of the S protein and influenced the viral antigenicity and virulence. Interestingly, homology analyses based on ORF3 demonstrated that the isolates had an intact opening reading frame (ORF), which were different from the attenuated DR13 strain. In conclusion, the widespread PED virus (PEDV) isolates had virulent characteristics. Additionally, the high degree of variation in the genes, particularly S genes, might provide an explanation for the poor immunity and rapid spread of the disease.