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"Zhan, Li-ping"
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شيطان بتسعة رؤوس
وصل سان تسانغ وتلاميذه إلى قرية توهلوه حيث واجهوا شيطانا ضخما على هيئة ثعبان يأكل الماشية والأغنام والدجاج والإوز وحتى البشر. طلب سكان القرية المساعدة من السحرة لكن الشيطان قتلهم. ولاحقا، ذهب القرد الإخضاع الشيطان، وبمجرد أن فتح الثعبان فمه ليأكل با جیه قفز القرد داخل معدته وقتله. فرح أهل القرية بمقتل الشيطان الثعبان ورافقوا سان تسانغ وتلاميذه لتوديعهم. وكان في غرب القرية جبل الهيات السبع، وبسبب تراكم ثمار الكاكي لعدة سنوات، صار الجبل قذرا كريه الرائحة، وعجز الأربعة عن عبوره. فعمل با جيه ليلا ونهارا لتنظيف الطريق بعد أن أطعمه أهل القرية ما يكفي حتى تضاعف وصار ضخما جدا. وأخيرا، عبر الأربعة الجبل.
Book
Impact of posttransplant cyclophosphamide on the outcome of patients undergoing unrelated single-unit umbilical cord blood transplantation for pediatric acute leukemia
Background
Umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) from unrelated donors is one of the successful treatments for acute leukemia in childhood. The most frequent side effect of UCBT is peri-engraftment syndrome (PES), which is directly associated with the greater prevalence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host-disease (aGvHD and cGvHD). In haploidentical stem cell transplantation, posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) has been demonstrated to be an effective method against GvHD. However, the effects of PTCY as a GvHD prophylactic in UCBT had not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PTCY on the outcomes of UCBT for pediatric acute leukemia.
Methods
This retrospective study included 52 children with acute leukemia who underwent unrelated single-unit UCBT after myeloablative conditioning regimens. The results from the PTCY and non-PTCY groups were compared.
Results
The incidence of transplantation-related mortality in non-PTCY and PTCY were 5% and 10% (
p
=
0.525
), respectively. The incidence of relapse in non-PTCY and PTCY were 5% and 23% (
p
=
0.095
), respectively. Second complete remission status (CR2) was an independent risk factor for relapse-free survival (
hazard ratio
= 9.782,
p
=
0.001
). The odds ratio for sepsis or bacteremia incidence was significantly greater in the PTCY group (9.524,
p
=
0.017
). PTCY group had increased rates of cytomegalovirus activity and fungal infection. The incidence of PES, aGvHD, cGvHD, and hemorrhagic cystitis in the PTCY group was lower than that in the non-PTCY group, although it was not significantly different. Additionally, higher doses of PTCY (29 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) were associated with lower incidences of aGvHD and severe GvHD (65% and 29%, respectively) than lower doses (93% and 57%, respectively). Engraftment time and graft failure incidence were similar across groups.
Conclusion
The results support the safety and efficiency of PTCY as part of PES controlling and GvHD prophylaxis in single-unit UCBT for children with acute leukemia. A PTCY dosage of 29 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg appears to be more effective in GvHD prophylaxis for UCBT patients.
Journal Article
Priming effect of root-applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in rice
Background
Silicon (Si) can confer plant resistance to both abiotic and biotic stress. In the present study, the priming effect of Si on rice (
Oryza sativa
cv Nipponbare) against the root-knot nematode
Meloidogyne graminicola
and its histochemical and molecular impact on plant defense mechanisms were evaluated.
Results
Si amendment significantly reduced nematodes in rice roots and delayed their development, while no obvious negative effect on giant cells was observed. Increased resistance in rice was correlated with higher transcript levels of defense-related genes (
OsERF
1,
OsEIN
2 and
OsACS
1) in the ethylene (ET) pathway. Si amendment significantly reduced nematode numbers in rice plants with enhanced ET signaling but had no effect in plants deficient in ET signaling, indicating that the priming effects of Si were dependent on the ET pathway. A higher deposition of callose and accumulation of phenolic compounds were observed in rice roots after nematode attack in Si-amended plants than in the controls.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that the priming effect may partially depend on the production of phenolic compounds and hydrogen peroxide. Further research is required to model the ethylene signal transduction pathway that occurs in the Si-plant-nematode interaction system and gain a better understanding of Si-induced defense in rice.
Journal Article
Evaluation of the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography image segmentation of isolated tooth roots based on the dynamic threshold method
Objective
Accurate quantification of the root surface area (RSA) plays a decisive role in the advancement of periodontal, orthodontic, and restorative treatment modalities. In this study, we aimed to develop a dynamic threshold-based computer-aided system for segmentation and calculation of the RSA of isolated teeth on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to assess the accuracy of the measured data.
Method
We selected 24 teeth to be extracted, including single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth, from 22 patients who required tooth extraction. In the experimental group, we scanned 24 isolated teeth using CBCT with a voxel size of 0.3 mm. We designed a computer-aided system based on a personalized dynamic threshold algorithm to automatically segment the roots of 24 isolated teeth in CBCT images and calculate the RSA. In the control group, we employed digital intraoral scanner devices to perform optical scanning on 24 isolated teeth and subsequently manually segmented the roots using 3-matic software to calculate the RSA. We used the paired t-test (
P
< 0.05) and Bland-Altman plots to analyze the consistency of the two measurement methods.
Results
The results of the paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the RSAs obtained using the dynamic threshold method and the optical scanning image reconstruction (t = 1.005,
P
= 0.325 > 0.05). As per the Bland-Altman plot, the results were evenly distributed within the region of ± 1.96 standard deviations of the mean, with no increasing or decreasing trends and good consistency.
Conclusion
In this study, we designed a computer-aided root segmentation system based on a personalized dynamic threshold algorithm to automatically segment the roots of isolated teeth in CBCT images with a voxel size of 0.3 mm. We found that the RSA calculated using this approach was highly accurate, and a voxel of 0.3 mm in size could accurately display the surface area data in CBCT images. Overall, our findings in this study provide a foundation for future work on accurate automatic segmentation of tooth roots in full-mouth CBCT images and the computation of RSA.
Journal Article
Research on shaving processing of spiroid face gear
To reduce tooth surface errors and improve the quality of tooth surface morphology for the spiroid face gear manufactured roughly by die-casting, a method of shaving processing for this type of gears was developed. According to the differential geometry and the meshing theory of spatial crossed axes gears, the kinematics of the shaving processing for the spiroid face gear was analyzed, while the cutting velocity of both contact tooth surfaces was derived to illustrate the feasibility of gear shaving. With the designed tooth geometry of the shaving cutter, the simulation of generation of tooth surfaces for the spiroid face gear was developed. Machining experiments for such type gears were performed on a five-axis computer numerical control machine tool (CNC machine) with the axially grooved shaving cutters. The geometric error measurement of the shaved spiroid face gears was determined by D40 CNC gear measuring center. The research results are of sound great significance to improve the engagement and lubrication for the spiroid face gears.
Journal Article
Mutations in Acetylcholinesterase2 (ace2) increase the insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to fosthiazate in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
The root-knot nematode
Meloidogyne incognita
causes severe damage to continuously cropping vegetables. The control of this nematode relies heavily on organophosphate nematicides in China. Here, we described resistance to the organophosphate nematicide fosthiazate in a greenhouse-collected resistant population (RP) and a laboratory susceptible population (SP) of
M. incognita
. Fosthiazate was 2.74-fold less toxic to nematodes from RP than that from SP. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the acetylcholinesterase2 (
ace
2) transcription level in the RP was significantly higher than that in the SP. Eighteen nonsynonymous amino acid differences in
ace2
were observed between the cDNA fragments of the RP and SP. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) protein activity in the RP was significantly reduced compared with that in the SP. After knocking down the
ace
2 gene, the
ace
2 transcription level was significantly decreased, but no negative impact on the infection of juveniles was observed. The 50% lethal concentration of the RNAi RP population decreased 40%, but the inhibition rate of fosthiazate against AChE activity was significantly increased in RP population. Thus, the increased fosthiazate insensitivity in the
M. incognita
resistant population was strongly associated with mutations in
ace
2. These results provide valuable insights into the resistance mechanism of root-knot nematode to organophosphate nematicides.
Journal Article
High rate of drug resistance among tuberculous meningitis cases in Shaanxi province, China
The clinical and mycobacterial features of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) cases in China are not well described; especially in western provinces with poor tuberculosis control. We prospectively enrolled patients in whom TBM was considered in Shaanxi Province, northwestern China, over a 2-year period (September 2010 to December 2012). Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were cultured for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
; with phenotypic and genotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST), as well as genotyping of all positive cultures. Among 350 patients included in the study, 27 (7.7%) had culture-confirmed TBM; 84 (24.0%) had probable and 239 (68.3%) had possible TBM. DST was performed on 25/27 (92.3%) culture positive specimens; 12/25 (48.0%) had “any resistance” detected and 3 (12.0%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Demographic and clinical features of drug resistant and drug susceptible TBM cases were similar. Beijing was the most common genotype (20/25; 80.0%) with 9/20 (45%) of the Beijing strains exhibiting drug resistance; including all 3 MDR strains. All (4/4) isoniazid resistant strains had mutations in the
katG
gene; 75% (3/4) of strains with phenotypic rifampicin resistance had mutations in the
rpoB
gene detected by Xpert MTB/RIF®. High rates of drug resistance were found among culture-confirmed TBM cases; most were Beijing strains.
Journal Article
Improvement of cold tolerance of the half-high bush Northland blueberry by transformation with the LEA gene from Tamarix androssowii
Previous studies have shown that the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) gene of Tamarix androssowii can enhance the drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco. In this study, the cloned LEA gene was transformed into half-high bush Northland blueberry in order to enhance its ability to tolerate cold stress. The cephalosporin antibiotics ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and cefazolin were used to optimize transformation of leaf explants, and kanamycin sulfate was used to select for transgenic shoots. PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed 8 transformants with LEA gene copy numbers ranging from 1 to 7. The LEA chimeric gene was found to be normally transcribed in 6 transgenic lines by RT-PCR. The 8 transgenic lines were tested for cold tolerance by measuring the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrolyte leakage (REL). Overexpression of the LEA gene enhanced the activity of both POD and SOD under low temperature stress conditions. Lipid peroxidation in the transgenic lines was significantly lower than in non-transgenic plants after cold stress, as determined by MDA content and REL. Thus, our findings indicate that the LEA gene confers increased cold tolerance in the Northland blueberry and implicate the metabolic pathways through which it exerts this effect.
Journal Article
Image Segmentation Algorithm Research for Sport Graphics Based on Multi-Layer Background Subtraction
Segmentation of motion in an image sequence is one of the most challenging problems in image processing, while at the same time one that finds numerous applications. In this paper, we propose a robust multi-layer background subtraction technique which takes advantages of local texture features represented by local binary patterns (LBP) and photometric invariant color measurements in RGB color space. Due to the use of a simple layer-based strategy, the approach can model moving background pixels with quasiperiodic flickering as well as background scenes which may vary over time due to the addition and removal of long-time stationary objects. The use of a cross-bilateral filter allows to implicitly smooth detection results over regions of similar intensity and preserve object boundaries.
Journal Article
Prognostic nomogram for glioblastoma (GBM) patients presenting with distant extension: a seer-based study
Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) with distant extension is rarely reported. We retrieved the data of GBM patients from the SEER database to identify the prognostic factors of GBM with distant extension and constructed a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) of these patients.
Methods
The data of GBM patients between 2003 and 2018 were retrieved from the SEER Database. 181 GBM patients with distant extension were randomly divided into the training cohort (
n
= 129) and the validation cohort (
n
= 52) at a ratio of 7:3. The prognostic factors associated with the OS of the GBM patients were identified through univariate and multivariate cox analyses. A nomogram was constructed based on the training cohort to predict OS, and its clinical value was verified using the validation cohort data.
Results
Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the prognosis was significantly worse for GBM patients with distant extension than GBM patients without distant extension. Stage (GBM patients with distant extension) was independent prognostic factor of survival. Multivariate Cox analyses demonstrated that age, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were independent risk factors for OS of GBM patients presenting with distant extension. The C-indexes of the nomogram for predicting OS were 0.755 (95% CI 0.713–0.797) and 0.757 (95% CI 0.703–0.811) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The calibration curves of both cohorts showed good consistency. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting 0.25-year, 0.5-year and 1-year OS in the training cohort were 0.793, 0.864 and 0.867, respectively, and that in the validation cohort were 0.845, 0.828 and 0.803, respectively. The decision curve analysis (DCA) curves showed that the model to predict the 0.25-year, 0.5-year and 1-year OS probabilities was good.
Conclusion
Stage (GBM patients with distant extension) is independent prognostic factor for GBM patients. Age, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are independent prognostic factors for GBM patients presenting with distant extension, and the nomogram based on these factors can accurately predict the 0.25-year, 0.5-year and 1-year OS of these patients.
Journal Article