Explore the vast range of titles available.

The fuzzy particle swarm optimization (FPSO-RRB- algorithm is used to solve the logistics transportation time optimization problem, a three-dimensional particle coding method based on receiving point, particle position sequence and particle position rounding operation is proposed, the results are compared with those of fuzzy particle swarm optimization algorithm. The experimental results show that the fuzzy particle swarm optimization algorithm can effectively optimize the logistics transportation time.

The blood proteome holds great promise for precision medicine but poses substantial challenges due to the low abundance of most plasma proteins and the vast dynamic range of the plasma proteome. Here we address these challenges with NUcleic acid Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA™), which improves the sensitivity of traditional proximity ligation assays by ~10,000-fold to attomolar level, by suppressing assay background via a dual capture and release mechanism built into oligonucleotide-conjugated antibodies. Highly multiplexed quantification of both low- and high-abundance proteins spanning a wide dynamic range is achieved by attenuating signals from abundant targets with unconjugated antibodies and next-generation sequencing of barcoded reporter DNA. A 200-plex NULISA containing 124 cytokines and chemokines and other proteins demonstrates superior sensitivity to a proximity extension assay in detecting biologically important low-abundance biomarkers in patients with autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. Fully automated NULISA makes broad and in-depth proteomic analysis easily accessible for research and diagnostic applications. Unlocking the blood proteome requires exquisite sensitivity and multiplexing to detect low and high abundance proteins simultaneously. Here the authors describe a 200-plex immunoassay with attomolar sensitivity to detect important low abundance proteins in inflammatory diseases and COVID-19.

BackgroundAutoinflammatory phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2)-associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID) is a rare autoinflammatory disease caused by gain-of-function mutations in the PLCG2 gene. Here we report a rare case of APLAID patient carrying a novel heterozygous missense PLCG2 I169V mutation with gangrenous pyoderma and concomitant high serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E level.MethodsThe patient was diagnosed as APLAID and has been treated in our department. His phenotype and genotype were carefully documented and studied. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review on APLAID.ResultsA 23-year-old Chinese Han man presented with recurrent fever for 18 years and vesiculopustular rashes for 9 years, along with chronic bronchitis, leukocytosis, increased C-reactive protein, immunodeficiency and high serum IgE. Skin biopsy showed chronic inflammatory cells infiltration. A paternal heterozygous missense variant in exon 6 of the PLCG2 gene p. I169V was identified. His vesiculopustular and IgE level responded to medium dose corticosteroids. After withdrawal of steroids, he developed severe arthritis and a large deteriorating ulceration resembling pyoderma gangrenosum on the left knee. Large dose corticosteroids were suboptimal. Then he received adalimumab with satisfactory response for arthritis and skin lesion. But he got an immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorder 2 months later. Through literature review, there were a total of 10 APLAID patients reported by six English-language publications. Vesiculopustular rashes, sinopulmonary infection and immunodeficiency were the most frequent symptoms of APLAID patients. Glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin and biologics were clinically used to treat APLAID but none of these patients had a complete recovery.ConclusionsThe rarity and diversity of APLAID make it difficult to be diagnosed. Our study reported the first case of APLAID with gangrenous pyoderma and concomitant high IgE carrying a novel PLCG2 mutation, which may expand the clinical phenotype and genotype of APLAID.

MDA5 is an innate pattern recognition receptor that is involved in the recognition of various viruses. It can recognize RNA viruses, activate downstream signalling pathways, facilitate the transcription of inflammatory factors, and induce cell pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death accompanied by the release of inflammatory factors and an inflammatory response. In this study, we hypothesize that pyroptosis is elicited by the signalling cascade subsequent to the recognition of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) by MDA5. Thus, we infected chicken renal tubular epithelial cells with NIBV and discovered that NIBV infection induced pyroptosis and increased the mRNA levels of MDA5. Consequently, we infected primary chicken renal tubular epithelial cells with NIBV and inhibited TRAF6 expression using the exogenous inhibitor C25-140. We found that NIBV could increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, increase the proportion of pyroptotic cells, and increase the mRNA and protein levels of the MDA5/NF-κB signalling pathway and the classical pyroptosis pathway. Here, we selected the ubiquitin ligase TRAF6, a key node in the MDA5/NF-κB signalling pathway, from molecular biological and genetic perspectives to explore the molecular mechanism of NIBV-induced pyroptosis. After the inhibitor C25-140 was used, NIBV-induced apoptosis and the activity of the MDA5/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway were reversed. In addition, the amount of NIBV replication in the cells was reduced. In conclusion, the MDA5/NF-κB/NLRP3 signalling pathway is involved in the regulation of pyroptosis in a NIBV-infected chicken renal tubular epithelial cell model. The inhibition of this signalling pathway can alleviate NIBV-induced pyroptosis and reduce the replication of NIBV in cells, which could become one strategy for treating NIBV.

Background The prevalence of hyperuricemia in China has been consistently increasing, particularly among the younger generation. The excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with hyperuricemia. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Chinese young adults regarding sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and the correlation with hyperuricemia. Methods This cross-sectional investigation was conducted from June 28th, 2023, to July 21st, 2023, and enrolled Chinese young adults. Demographics and KAP were evaluated using a questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.787). Factors influencing KAP scores were analyzed using multivariable analyses. Results A total of 1288 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The median knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 16 (12,19)/22, 22 (20,24)/30, and 27.5 (23,31.75)/40. The multivariable analysis showed that bachelor’s/associate education (OR = 1.912, 95%CI: 1.128–3.239), white collar/employee (OR = 0.147, 95%CI: 0.105–0.206), educator (OR = 0.300, 95%CI: 0.174–0.518), healthcare worker (OR = 0.277, 95%CI: 0.188–0.407), not suffering from hyperuricemia (OR = 0.386, 95%CI: 0.253–0.590), and not having gout (OR = 0.456, 95%CI: 0.282–0.736) were independently associated with knowledge. Age 26–30 (OR = 1.470, 95%CI: 1.052–2.052), age 31–35 (OR = 1.489, 95%CI: 1.097–2.022), age 36–40 (OR = 0.328, 95%CI: 1.010–1.746), age 41–44 (OR = 1.548, 95%CI: 1.091–2.198), and not having hyperuricemia (OR = 0.512, 95%CI: 0.345–0.760) were independently associated with attitude. White collar/employee (OR = 0.386, 95%CI: 0.285–0.521), educator (OR = 0.534, 95%CI: 0.317–0.899), healthcare worker (OR = 0.341, 95%CI: 0.236–0.493), having siblings (OR = 0.725, 95%CI: 0.573–0.917), and not suffering from hyperuricemia (OR = 0.442, 95%CI: 0.296–0.659), were independently associated with practice. Conclusion Chinese young adults display moderate KAP toward sugar-sweetened beverages. Notably, an association was observed between hyperuricemia and each KAP dimension.

Estimating fire emissions prior to the satellite era is challenging because observations are limited, leading to large uncertainties in the calculated aerosol climate forcing following the preindustrial era. This challenge further limits the ability of climate models to accurately project future climate change. Here, we reconstruct a gridded dataset of global biomass burning emissions from 1750 to 2010 using inverse analysis that leveraged a global array of 31 ice core records of black carbon deposition fluxes, two different historical emission inventories as a priori estimates, and emission-deposition sensitivities simulated by the atmospheric chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. The reconstructed emissions exhibit greater temporal variabilities which are more consistent with paleoclimate proxies. Our ice core constrained emissions reduced the uncertainties in simulated cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol radiative forcing associated with the discrepancy in preindustrial biomass burning emissions. The derived emissions can also be used in studies of ocean and terrestrial biogeochemistry. Two new gridded, model-ready historical biomass burning emission datasets (BB4CMIPpost and LPJ-LMfirepost) are developed by inverse modeling that leveraged 31 ice core records, existing emissions as a priori, and chemical transport model simulations.

Background/Objectives: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a crucial enzyme in numerous pathological processes and a significant biomarker in clinical diagnostics. Conventional ALP detection methods are hampered by reliance on complex sample pretreatment, sophisticated instrumentation, time-consuming procedures, and high costs. This study aimed to develop a simple, rapid, and cost-effective colorimetric sensing method for ALP detection with enhanced resistance to matrix interference in biological samples. Methods: We designed a colorimetric assay based on bimetallic gold–platinum nanocatalysts (AuPt NPs) exhibiting peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity. The detection principle involves a dual-reaction cascade: (1) Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) catalyzes the conversion of trisodium L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AA2P) into ascorbic acid (AA), and (2) the generated AA reduces oxidized 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (oxTMB) produced by the catalytic activity of AuPt NPs. This method was evaluated for its detection performance in diluted human serum without complex sample pretreatment. Results: AuPt NPs exhibited resistance to biological matrix interference, enabling sensitive detection of ALP. The assay showed a linear ALP detection range of 0–90 mU·mL−1 (R2 = 0.994) and a limit of detection of 3.91 mU·mL−1. In spiked human serum, recoveries were 95.45–111.97%, with negligible interference from ions and biomolecules. Conclusions: We developed a simple, rapid, and reliable colorimetric sensor for ALP detection based on AuPt NPs. It overcomes limitations of conventional methods, holding great potential for clinical diagnostics and point-of-care applications.

Rhodium was reported to be an essential component of the efficient cocatalyst (Rh 2−x Cr x O 3 or core/shell of Rh@Cr 2 O 3 ) on GaN–ZnO for photocatalytic overall water splitting (POWS). Herein we demonstrate that the Rh can be replaced by less-expensive Pd deposited via atomic layer deposition and together with photodeposition of Cr 2 O 3 shell, a comparable activity in POWS can be achieved even with much less Pd loading than Rh in Rh 2−x Cr x O 3 /GaN–ZnO under the same reaction conditions. Graphical Abstract

Background Gorham–Stout syndrome (GSS) is a rare disorder with various presentations and unpredictable prognoses. Previous understandings of GSS mainly focused on progressive bone destruction, while we identified a group of GSS patients with serous effusion as the first symptom. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with GSS having serous effusion as the first symptom. Methods Patients diagnosed with GSS were identified through the Peking Union Medical College Hospital Medical Record System. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected. Patients who first presented with serous effusion were recruited into the serous group, while those with bone destruction were recruited into the bone group. Results Of the 23 patients with GSS enrolled, 13 were in the bone group and 10 in the serous group. The median disease duration was shorter and exercise tolerance was lower in the serous group. Despite less frequent bone pain in the serous group, the frequency of bone involvement was similar to that in the bone group. Patients in the serous group had higher rates of bilateral pleural effusion and multiple serous effusion. However, serous effusion also developed with disease progression in the bone group. Of the 17 patients treated with bisphosphonates, 14 reached bone-stable state. However, 5 out of 10 patients with serous effusion still had refractory effusions after bisphosphonates treatment. Three patients received sirolimus treatment, with an improvement in serous effusion. Seventeen patients were followed up; three patients died, two in the bone group and one in the serous group. Conclusions This study discovered that GSS could first be presented with serous effusion. We believe that this may be a new phenotype of the disease. Sirolimus might help in controlling serous effusion and improving prognosis.

In order to improve the wear resistance of 45 steel, in this study, WC/Ni60 composite coatings with different CeO2 additions (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) were prepared on 45 steel by the laser cladding technique; the experimental analysis was carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), a Vickers hardness tester, and a friction and wear tester. The results show that CeO2 had little effect on the phase composition of the coatings; however, with the increase in CeO2 content, the CeO2 played a key role in refining the grains of the coating, thus reducing the generation of cracks. In addition, CeO2 could effectively strengthen the internal structure of the coating and improve its microhardness and wear resistance. Particularly noteworthy is the observed reduction in both the friction coefficient and mass loss of the coating when the CeO2 addition reached 2%. This suggests an enhancement in the tribological performance of the coating at this concentration.