Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
41,854
result(s) for
"Zhang, Bo"
Sort by:
Chinese maritime power in the 21st century : strategic planning, policy and predictions
\"This book analyses China's maritime strategy for the 21st century, integrating strategic planning, policy thinking and strategic prediction. This book explains the construction and application of China's military, political, economic and diplomatic means for building maritime power, and predicts the future of China's maritime power by 2049, as well as development trends in global maritime politics. It explores both the strengths and the limitations of President Xi's 'Maritime Dream' and provides a candid assessment of the likely future balance at sea between China and the United States. This volume explains and discusses China's claims and intentions in the East and South China Seas and makes some recommendations for China's future policy that will lessen the chance of conflict with the United States and its closer neighbours. This book will be of much interest to students of maritime strategy, naval studies, Chinese politics and International Relations in general\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Finite-momentum Cooper pairing in proximitized altermagnets
Finite-momentum Cooper pairing is an unconventional form of superconductivity that is widely believed to require finite magnetization. Altermagnetism is an emerging magnetic phase with highly anisotropic spin-splitting of specific symmetries, but zero net magnetization. Here, we study Cooper pairing in metallic altermagnets connected to conventional
s
-wave superconductors. Remarkably, we find that the Cooper pairs induced in the altermagnets acquire a finite center-of-mass momentum, despite the zero net magnetization in the system. This anomalous Cooper-pair momentum strongly depends on the propagation direction and exhibits unusual symmetric patterns. Furthermore, it yields several unique features: (i) highly orientation-dependent oscillations in the order parameter, (ii) controllable 0-
π
transitions in the Josephson supercurrent, (iii) large-oblique-angle Cooper-pair transfer trajectories in junctions parallel with the direction where spin splitting vanishes, and (iv) distinct Fraunhofer patterns in junctions oriented along different directions. Finally, we discuss the implementation of our predictions in candidate materials such as RuO
2
and KRu
4
O
8
.
An altermagnet has highly anisotropic spin splitting but zero net magnetization. Here, S.-B. Zhang et al. theoretically study the behavior of
s
-wave superconductor/altermagnet hybrid structures, finding that Cooper pairs in the proximitized altermagnet have an anisotropic non-zero momentum.
Journal Article
Combined lifestyle factors, incident cancer, and cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Background
Cancer poses a huge disease burden, which could be reduced by adopting healthy lifestyles mainly composed of healthy diet, body weight, physical activity, limited alcohol consumption, and avoidance of smoking. However, no systematic review has summarised the relations of combined lifestyle factors with cancer morbidity and mortality.
Methods
EMBASE and PubMed were searched up to April 2019. Cohort studies investigating the association of combined lifestyle factors with risks of incident cancer and cancer mortality were selected. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity and publication bias tests were conducted.
Results
The HRs (95% CIs) comparing individuals with the healthiest versus the least healthy lifestyles were 0.71 (0.66–0.76; 16 studies with 1.9 million participants) for incident cancer and 0.48 (0.42–0.54; 30 studies with 1.8 million participants) for cancer mortality. Adopting the healthiest lifestyles was also associated with 17 to 58% lower risks of bladder, breast, colon, endometrial, oesophageal, kidney, liver, lung, rectal, and gastric cancer. The relations were largely consistent and significant among participants with different characteristics in the subgroup analyses.
Conclusions
Adopting healthy lifestyles is associated with substantial risk reduction in cancer morbidity and mortality, and thus should be given priority for cancer prevention.
Journal Article
Combined lifestyle factors, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
IntroductionUnhealthy lifestyles caused a huge disease burden. Adopting healthy lifestyles is the most cost-effective strategy for preventing non-communicable diseases. The aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the relationship of combined lifestyle factors (eg, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet and overweight/obesity) with the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to April 2019. Cohort studies investigating the association between the combination of at least three lifestyle factors and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality or incidence of CVD were filtered by consensus among reviewers. Pairs of reviewers independently extracted data and evaluated study quality. Random-effects models were used to pool HRs. Heterogeneity and publication bias were tested.ResultsIn total, 142 studies were included. Compared with the participants with the least-healthy lifestyles, those with the healthiest lifestyles had lower risks of all-cause mortality (HR=0.45, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.48, 74 studies with 2 584 766 participants), cardiovascular mortality (HR=0.42, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.46, 41 studies with 1 743 530 participants), incident CVD (HR=0.38, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.51, 22 studies with 754 894 participants) and multiple subtypes of CVDs (HRs ranging from 0.29 to 0.45). The associations were largely significant and consistent among individuals from different continents, racial groups and socioeconomic backgrounds.ConclusionsGiven the great health benefits, comprehensively tackling multiple lifestyle risk factors should be the cornerstone for reducing the global disease burden.
Journal Article
Cancer-derived exosomal HSPC111 promotes colorectal cancer liver metastasis by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancer-associated fibroblasts
Tumor metastasis is a hallmark of cancer. The communication between cancer-derived exosomes and stroma plays an irreplaceable role in facilitating pre-metastatic niche formation and cancer metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying exosome-mediated pre-metastatic niche formation during colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis remain incompletely understood. Here we identified HSPC111 was the leading upregulated gene in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) incubated with CRC cell-derived exosomes. In xenograft mouse model, CRC cell-derived exosomal HSPC111 facilitated pre-metastatic niche formation and CRC liver metastases (CRLM). Consistently, CRC patients with liver metastasis had higher level of HSPC111 in serum exosomes, primary tumors and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in liver metastasis than those without. Mechanistically, HSPC111 altered lipid metabolism of CAFs by phosphorylating ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), which upregulated the level of acetyl-CoA. The accumulation of acetyl-CoA further promoted CXCL5 expression and secretion by increasing H3K27 acetylation in CAFs. Moreover, CXCL5-CXCR2 axis reinforced exosomal HSPC111 excretion from CRC cells and promoted liver metastasis. These results uncovered that CRC cell-derived exosomal HSPC111 promotes pre-metastatic niche formation and CRLM via reprogramming lipid metabolism in CAFs, and implicate HSPC111 may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing CRLM.
Journal Article
Intrinsic magnetic topological insulator phases in the Sb doped MnBi2Te4 bulks and thin flakes
Magnetic topological insulators (MTIs) offer a combination of topologically nontrivial characteristics and magnetic order and show promise in terms of potentially interesting physical phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect and topological axion insulating states. However, the understanding of their properties and potential applications have been limited due to a lack of suitable candidates for MTIs. Here, we grow two-dimensional single crystals of Mn(Sb
x
Bi
(1-
x
)
)
2
Te
4
bulk and exfoliate them into thin flakes in order to search for intrinsic MTIs. We perform angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, low-temperature transport measurements, and first-principles calculations to investigate the band structure, transport properties, and magnetism of this family of materials, as well as the evolution of their topological properties. We find that there exists an optimized MTI zone in the Mn(Sb
x
Bi
(1-
x
)
)
2
Te
4
phase diagram, which could possibly host a high-temperature QAH phase, offering a promising avenue for new device applications.
Available intrinsic magnetic topological insulators are rare. Here, the authors study the electronic and magnetic properties of Mn(Sb
x
Bi
(1-
x
)
)
2
Te
4
bulks and thin flakes, revealing intrinsic magnetic topological insulator phase in the phase diagram.
Journal Article
Demographically idiosyncratic responses to climate change and rapid Pleistocene diversification of the walnut genus Juglans (Juglandaceae) revealed by whole-genome sequences
Whether species demography and diversification are driven primarily by extrinsic environmental changes such as climatic oscillations in the Quaternary or by intrinsic biological interactions like coevolution between antagonists is a matter of active debate. In fact, their relative importance can be assessed by tracking past population fluctuations over considerable time periods.
We applied the pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent approach on the genomes of 11 temperate Juglans species to estimate trajectories of changes in effective population size (N
e) and used a Bayesian-coalescent based approach that simultaneously considers multiple genomes (G-PhoCS) to estimate divergence times between lineages.
N
e curves of all study species converged 1.0 million yr ago, probably reflecting the time when the walnut genus last shared a common ancestor. This estimate was confirmed by the G-PhoCS estimates of divergence times. But all species did not react similarly to the dramatic climatic oscillations following early Pleistocene cooling, so the timing and amplitude of changes in N
e differed among species and even among conspecific lineages.
The population histories of temperate walnut species were not driven by extrinsic environmental changes alone, and a key role was probably played by species-specific factors such as coevolutionary interactions with specialized pathogens.
Journal Article
Exploring knowledge sharing intention of digitalization of rural intangible cultural heritage (DRICH): Integrating stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory and social exchange theory (SET)
In the digital age, knowledge sharing is gaining increasing significance, but its contribution in promoting the protection and transmission of rural intangible cultural heritage is still not fully appreciated. Based on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) theory and the social exchange theory (SET), this study developed a theoretical model to understand the knowledge sharing intention in the digitalization of rural intangible heritage (DRICH). We examined the influence of external stimuli (i.e., heritage rewards and heritage image) on organism feedback (i.e., cultural identity, responsibility, trust, and outcome expectation) and knowledge sharing intention. A total of 363 valid samples were obtained by means of questionnaire survey and analyzed by structural equation model. The results show that: (1) Heritage rewards and heritage image, as important external stimuli, have a positive impact on cultural identity; (2) Outcome expectation, trust and responsibility positively influence knowledge sharing intention, among which outcome expectation has the strongest effect; (3) Heritage-related self-efficacy (SE) positively moderates the relationship between cultural identity and responsibility. By exploring the influence mechanism of the sharing intention in DRICH, this study provides an empirical basis for the theory and practice of the protection and inheritance of rural intangible cultural heritage.
Journal Article
Reconfigurable emergent patterns in active chiral fluids
Active fluids comprised of autonomous spinning units injecting energy and angular momentum at the microscopic level represent a promising platform for active materials design. The complexity of the accessible dynamic states is expected to dramatically increase in the case of chiral active units. Here, we use shape anisotropy of colloidal particles to introduce chiral rollers with activity-controlled curvatures of their trajectories and spontaneous handedness of their motion. By controlling activity through variations of the energizing electric field, we reveal emergent dynamic phases, ranging from a gas of spinners to aster-like vortices and rotating flocks, with either polar or nematic alignment of the particles. We demonstrate control and reversibility of these dynamic states by activity. Our findings provide insights into the onset of spatial and temporal coherence in a broad class of active chiral systems, both living and synthetic, and hint at design pathways for active materials based on self-organization and reconfigurability.
Chiral active particles are known to exhibit intriguing emergent patterns of collective motion. Here, the authors employ pear-shaped Quincke rollers to generate reversible transitions between different states of collective motion by varying the strength of the applied electric field.
Journal Article
Cold and hot tumors: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy
Immunotherapy has made significant strides in cancer treatment, particularly through immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which has shown notable clinical benefits across various tumor types. Despite the transformative impact of ICB treatment in cancer therapy, only a minority of patients exhibit a positive response to it. In patients with solid tumors, those who respond well to ICB treatment typically demonstrate an active immune profile referred to as the “hot” (immune-inflamed) phenotype. On the other hand, non-responsive patients may exhibit a distinct “cold” (immune-desert) phenotype, differing from the features of “hot” tumors. Additionally, there is a more nuanced “excluded” immune phenotype, positioned between the “cold” and “hot” categories, known as the immune “excluded” type. Effective differentiation between “cold” and “hot” tumors, and understanding tumor intrinsic factors, immune characteristics, TME, and external factors are critical for predicting tumor response and treatment results. It is widely accepted that ICB therapy exerts a more profound effect on “hot” tumors, with limited efficacy against “cold” or “altered” tumors, necessitating combinations with other therapeutic modalities to enhance immune cell infiltration into tumor tissue and convert “cold” or “altered” tumors into “hot” ones. Therefore, aligning with the traits of “cold” and “hot” tumors, this review systematically delineates the respective immune characteristics, influencing factors, and extensively discusses varied treatment approaches and drug targets based on “cold” and “hot” tumors to assess clinical efficacy.
Journal Article