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Neurological diseases, including stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetic neuropathy, pose a significant global health burden. The rising incidence of these diseases, driven by factors including an aging population, lifestyle changes, and environmental influences, has intensified the urgent need for effective neuroprotective therapies. Rutin, a natural flavonoid glycoside widely distributed in various plants including buckwheat, citrus fruits, and onions, has garnered significant attention as a promising neuroprotective agent. This review comprehensively evaluates the current research on rutin’s multifaceted neuroprotective mechanisms, which encompass antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, and analgesic effects, as well as its role in enhancing neural signal transduction, improving learning and memory, and protecting the blood-brain barrier. However, despite its broad spectrum of neuroprotective effects and favorable safety profile, the clinical application of rutin is currently limited by its relatively low bioavailability. To address this limitation and fully harness rutin’s therapeutic potential, future research should prioritize the development of innovative formulations designed to enhance its bioavailability.

The increasing complexity of medical tasks has imposed significant challenges on existing task allocation systems in healthcare. This study introduces a flexible multi-objective optimization model utilizing goal-directed optimization to address this challenge. The model prioritizes urgent medical tasks, aiming to minimize the potential loss of task value and reduce patient health risks. Simultaneously, it strives to optimize the use of available resources to ensure the sustainability of operations. To address the optimization problem, an Adaptive Multi-Objective Ant Colony Optimization algorithm was introduced. This approach incorporates a dynamic heuristic function and a flexible pheromone initialization mechanism to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of task allocation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms others in terms of convergence speed, solution quality, and flexibility, providing an effective tool for reducing the burden on medical staff and improving the operational efficiency of healthcare institutions.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignancies that causes death in women and is a heterogeneous disease with complex molecular and genetic changes. Because of the relatively high recurrence rate of OC, it is crucial to understand the associated mechanisms of drug resistance and to discover potential target for rational targeted therapy. Cell death is a genetically determined process. Active and orderly cell death is prevalent during the development of living organisms and plays a critical role in regulating life homeostasis. Ferroptosis, a novel type of cell death discovered in recent years, is distinct from apoptosis and necrosis and is mainly caused by the imbalance between the production and degradation of intracellular lipid reactive oxygen species triggered by increased iron content. Necroptosis is a regulated non-cysteine protease–dependent programmed cell necrosis, morphologically exhibiting the same features as necrosis and occurring via a unique mechanism of programmed cell death different from the apoptotic signaling pathway. Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is characterized by the formation of membrane pores and subsequent cell lysis as well as release of pro-inflammatory cell contents mediated by the abscisin family. Studies have shown that ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis are involved in the development and progression of a variety of diseases, including tumors. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in the occurrence, development, and therapeutic potential of OC.

The functions of platelets and fibrinogen in protecting tumor cells from natural killer cytotoxicity have been discussed for more than 20 years. However, their exact roles and relationships in the process are still not clear. In this study, we show that tumor cells prefer to adhere to fibrinogen than to platelets, and fibrinogen can enhance the adhesion of tumor cells to platelets. β3 integrin plays an important role in the adhesion of B16F10 to platelets enhanced by fibrinogen. In the presence of thrombin, fibrinogen forms dense fibrin(ogen) layers around tumor cells. Tumor cells can induce platelets to aggregate and form thrombin. Platelets, as well as thrombin, can help fibrinogen protect tumor cells from lethal contact with natural killer cells and natural killer cytotoxicity. Hirudin, a specific inhibitor of thrombin, can reverse the effect of platelets on fibrinogen in blocking natural killer cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that fibrinogen helps platelets to adhere to tumor cells, and platelets in turn promote more fibrinogen to aggregate around tumor cells by forming thrombin. They facilitate each other in protecting tumor cells from natural killer cytotoxicity. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 859–865)

Objective To understand the occurrence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children aged 2 years on exposure to maternal group B streptococcus (GBS) antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Design Retrospective cohort study of 2909 mother–child pairs. Setting Taixing People’s Hospital in Eastern China. Participants Term infants born 2018–2019, followed longitudinally from birth to 2 years. Exposures The GBS-IAP was defined as therapy with intravenous penicillin G or ampicillin or cefazolin ≥ 4 h prior to delivery to the mother. Reference infants were defined as born without or with other intrapartum antibiotic exposure. Outcomes The logistic regression models were employed to analyze the effect of intrapartum GBS prophylaxis on AD in 2-year-old children during delivery. Analysis was a priori stratified according to the mode of delivery and adjusted for relevant covariates. Results The cohorts showed that preventive GBS-IAP was potentially associated with increased incidence of AD in children delivered vaginally according to logistic regression models before and after covariate-adjusted treatment (OR: 6.719,95% CI: 4.730–9.544, P  < 0.001;aOR: 6.562,95% CI: 4.302–10.008, P  < 0.001). Conclusion Prophylactic treatment of intrapartum GBS may raise the risk of AD in vaginally delivered children. These findings highlight the need to better understand the risk between childhood AD and current GBS-IAP intervention strategies. Highlights ► Maternal group B streptococcus antibiotic prophylaxis (GBS-IAP) was associated with the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in 2-year-old children with vaginal delivery. ► The findings were significant in vaginal delivery before and after adjusting for multiple covariates.

HighlightsThe crystal facets featured with facet-dependent physical and chemical properties can exhibit varied electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) attributed to their anisotropy.The highly active exposed crystal facets enable increased mass activity of active sites, lower reaction energy barriers, and enhanced catalytic reaction rates for HER and OER.The formation mechanism and control strategy of the crystal facet, significant contributions as well as challenges and perspectives of facet-engineered catalysts for HER and OER are provided.The electrocatalytic water splitting technology can generate high-purity hydrogen without emitting carbon dioxide, which is in favor of relieving environmental pollution and energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality. Electrocatalysts can effectively reduce the reaction energy barrier and increase the reaction efficiency. Facet engineering is considered as a promising strategy in controlling the ratio of desired crystal planes on the surface. Owing to the anisotropy, crystal planes with different orientations usually feature facet-dependent physical and chemical properties, leading to differences in the adsorption energies of oxygen or hydrogen intermediates, and thus exhibit varied electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this review, a brief introduction of the basic concepts, fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanisms as well as key evaluating parameters for both HER and OER are provided. The formation mechanisms of the crystal facets are comprehensively overviewed aiming to give scientific theory guides to realize dominant crystal planes. Subsequently, three strategies of selective capping agent, selective etching agent, and coordination modulation to tune crystal planes are comprehensively summarized. Then, we present an overview of significant contributions of facet-engineered catalysts toward HER, OER, and overall water splitting. In particular, we highlight that density functional theory calculations play an indispensable role in unveiling the structure–activity correlation between the crystal plane and catalytic activity. Finally, the remaining challenges in facet-engineered catalysts for HER and OER are provided and future prospects for designing advanced facet-engineered electrocatalysts are discussed.

In order to investigate the mechanism and the process of water bursting in filling karst tunnel, based on the geological defect of karst water bursting formations, the instability model of filling karst conduit is built. There are the seepage failure of permeable media, the sliding instability of impermeable media and the seepage and sliding instability of low-permeable media. The corresponding instability criterions of these models are obtained by deriving their mechanics formulas. Based on the karst water bursting in Fenshuiao tunnel project, the mechanism and numerical simulation analysis of its water bursting process are analyzed. The safety factor of filling of karst conduit is 0.502 which indicates that filling of karst conduit is instable. This analysis result is in accord with the actual situation of water bursting. The process of karst water bursting is simulated by Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC 3D ) which shows the whole process of water bursting in karst conduit.

Purpose To evaluate the effects of unimodal or multimodal prehabilitation on patients undergoing surgery for esophagogastric cancer. Methods We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases from database inception to May 5, 2023, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that investigated prehabilitation in the context of esophagogastric cancer. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Results We identified 2,994 records and eventually included 12 studies (6 RCTs and 6 cohort studies) with a total of 910 patients. According to random-effects pooled estimates, prehabilitation reduced the incidence of all complications (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.93, P  = 0.006), pulmonary complications (RR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.79, P  = 0.0002), and severe complications (RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.84, P  = 0.002), and shortened the length of stay (MD = -1.92, 95% CI: -3.11 to -0.73, P  = 0.002) compared to usual care. However, there were no statistically significant differences in 30-day readmission rates or in-hospital mortality. Subgroup analysis showed that multimodal prehabilitation was effective in reducing the risk of all complications and severe complications, while unimodal prehabilitation was not. Conclusions Our findings suggested that prehabilitation may be beneficial in reducing postoperative complications and length of stay. We recommend preoperative prehabilitation to improve postoperative outcomes and hasten recovery following esophagogastric cancer surgery, and multimodal prehabilitation seems to be more advantageous in reducing complications. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

In terms of new-generation energy-storing devices, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are becoming the prime candidates because of their inexpensive nature, inherent safety, environmental benignity and abundant resources. Nevertheless, due to a restrained selection of cathodes, AZIBs often perform unsatisfactorily under long-life cycling and high-rate conditions. Consequently, we propose a facile evaporation-induced self-assembly technique for preparing V2O3@carbonized dictyophora (V2O3@CD) composites, utilizing economical and easily available biomass dictyophora as carbon sources and NH4VO3 as metal sources. When assembled in AZIBs, the V2O3@CD exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 281.9 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. The discharge capacity is still up to 151.9 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1, showing excellent long-cycle durability. The extraordinary high electrochemical effectiveness of V2O3@CD could be mainly attributed to the formation of porous carbonized dictyophora frame. The formed porous carbon skeleton can ensure efficient electron transport and prevent V2O3 from losing electrical contact due to volume changes caused by Zn2+ intercalation/deintercalation. The strategy of metal-oxide-filled carbonized biomass material may provide insights into developing high-performance AZIBs and other potential energy storage devices, with a wide application range.

The fruit of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is high in sugar concentration. By contrast, wild type-sour jujube (Z. jujuba Mill. var. spinosa Hu) contains markedly less sugar. It is unknown whether sugar transport or sugar metabolism drove sugar accumulation during jujube domestication. Using a combination of ultrastructural observations, phylogenetic analysis, testing for soluble sugars, and transcriptional analysis, the sugar accumulation mechanism was studied in the developmental stages of cultivated jujube and sour jujube. Our results indicate that the symplasmic transport pathway in plasmodesmata is present in cultivated jujube, but not in sour jujube. Sugar transporter genes have higher frequencies of duplication than sugar metabolism-related genes. Gene expression patterns indicate that sugar transporter genes, especially ZjSUT2, ZjSWEET1, ZjSWEET7, ZjSWEET11, ZjSTP3, and ZjSTP13a, rather than sugar metabolism-related genes showed higher expression levels in cultivated jujube versus sour jujube during fruit sugar accumulation. These findings suggest that sugar transport, including apoplasmic and symplasmic transport, rather than sugar biosynthesis, is associated with the difference in sugar accumulation between jujube and sour jujube, and that it may drive jujube domestication. This study provides valuable genetic information for jujube improvement, and offers new insights into fruit tree domestication related to sugar accumulation.