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"Zhang, Dandan"
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Diplomacy of quasi-alliances in the Middle East
Quasi-alliance refers to the ideation, mechanism and behavior of policy-makers to carry out security cooperation through informal political and security arrangements. As a \"gray zone\" between alliance and neutrality, quasi-alliance is a hidden national security statecraft. Based on declassified archives and secondary sources, this book probes the theory and practice of quasi-alliances in the Middle East. Four cases are chosen to test the hypotheses of quasi-alliance, one of which is the Anglo-French-Israeli quasi-alliance during the Suez Canal War of 1956.
Book
Influences of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation on the Stability of Adjacent Ancient Buildings
The excavation of deep foundation pits has a significant impact on the stability of adjacent buildings. On the basis of a deep foundation pit project in Xi’an, China, the deformation of a diaphragm wall and the settlement and deformation of an adjacent ancient building with and without MJS (Metro Jet System) pile reinforcement were studied through onsite monitoring and numerical simulation. The influence of the building’s settlement difference on the shear strain of the building’s walls was analyzed, and then the effect of MJS pile reinforcement was verified. The research results show that (1) the settlement difference serves as the primary cause of the shear strain of the building, and the shear strain rises with increasing settlement difference; (2) the maximum shear strain of the building occurs on both sides of the building’s doors and windows and on the left and right corners of the building’s walls; (3) the shear strain and settlement of the building without MJS pile reinforcement are significantly greater than those with MJS pile reinforcement; and (4) MJS pile support exhibits a better reinforcement effect within one times the excavation depth of the foundation pit. These research results have a certain guiding significance for enhancing the stability of foundation pits and ensuring the safety of adjacent buildings.
Journal Article
Improving emotion regulation of social exclusion in depression-prone individuals: a tDCS study targeting right VLPFC
Growing evidence has indicated that right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (RVLPFC) is critical in down-regulating emotional responses to social exclusion, and that depression is accompanied by social emotional dysregulation associated with reduced lateral prefrontal engagement. This study used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to examine whether stimulating RVLPFC could improve emotional down-regulation of social exclusion in individuals with high depressive mood (DM).
A total of 96 high and 94 low DM individuals received active or sham tDCS while viewing social exclusion or individual negative pictures under no-reappraisal (passive viewing) and reappraisal conditions. Participants rate their negative emotional experience following the presentation of each image. Pupil diameter and visual fixation duration were also recorded during the task.
It was found that tDCS-activated RVLPFC induced a stronger regulation effect on social exclusion than individual negative emotions. The effect of tDCS on regulation of social exclusion was more pronounced in low v. high DM individuals.
These findings demonstrate the specific role of RVLPFC on social emotion regulation, which has implications for refining target areas for the treatment of social emotion dysregulation in depression. However the findings do not suggest that high DM individuals benefit from a single-tDCS session on the emotion regulation of social exclusion. Thus we suggest to use multiple tDCS sessions or transcranial magnetic stimulation to further explore the therapeutic proposal in the future.
Journal Article
Histone demethylase SlJMJ6 promotes fruit ripening by removing H3K27 methylation of ripening-related genes in tomato
• Fruit ripening is governed by a complex regulatory network. Reversible histone methylation and demethylation regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. However, little is known about the involvement of histone demethylases in regulating fruit ripening.
• Here, we found that the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlJMJ6 encodes a histone lysine demethylase that specifically demethylates H3K27 methylation. Overexpression of SlJMJ6 accelerates tomato fruit ripening, which is associated with the upregulated expression of a large number of ripening-related genes.
• Integrated analysis of RNA-seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing identified 32 genes directly targeted by SlJMJ6 and transcriptionally upregulated with decreased H3K27m3 in SlJMJ6-overexpressed fruit. Numerous SlJMJ6-regulated genes are involved in transcription regulation, ethylene biosynthesis, cell wall degradation and hormone signaling. Eleven ripening-related genes including RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate synthase-4 (ACS4), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 (ACO1), pectate lyase (PL) and beta-galactosidase 4 (TBG4), and a DNA demethylase DML2, were confirmed to be regulated directly by SlJMJ6 through removing H3K27me3.
• Our results demonstrate that SlJMJ6 is a ripening-prompting H3K27me3 demethylase that activates the expression of the ripening-related genes by modulating H3K27me3, thereby facilitating tomato fruit ripening. Our work also reveals a novel link between histone demethylation and DNA demethylation in regulating fruit ripening. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the involvement of a histone lysine demethylase in the regulation of fruit ripening.
Journal Article
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Early Pubertal Timing Among Girls: A Meta-Analysis
The association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and pubertal timing has been a topic of enduring controversy. A systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases was undertaken to quantify the magnitude of total and specific forms of ACEs effects on early pubertal timing among girls. Our search identified 3280 records, of which 43 studies with 46 independent data sets met inclusion criteria. We estimated pooled effect sizes (Cohen’s ds) for the association between ACEs with early pubertal timing. Total ACEs was not associated with early pubertal timing. When we examined the specific types of ACEs, associations were small to medium for father absence (d = −0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.63, −0.16) and small for sexual abuse (d = −0.13, CI: −0.17, −0.10) and family dysfunction (d = −0.08, CI: −0.11, −0.02). We identified considerable heterogeneity between estimates for almost all of the outcomes. ACEs exposure may affect female reproductive reproduction, particularly father absence, sexual abuse, and family dysfunction. We propose that future research in this area test a theoretical model linking adversity with earlier reproductive strategy, which includes early pubertal timing as a core component linking early adversity and stress physiology with poor health outcomes later in life in females.
Journal Article
Land use and climate change-based multi-scenario simulation of ecosystem service trade-offs/synergies: A case study of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration, China
Exploring Land use and climate change-based multi-scenario simulation of ecosystem service trade-offs/synergies is of great importance to regional ecological security and sustainable development. Taking the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration (CYUA) as a case study, six different scenarios of LULC-RCP were established to quantitatively assess four key ecosystem services(ESs) of water yield (WY), carbon stock (CS), soil conservation (SR) and habitat quality (HQ) with multiple objective programming and patch-generating land use simulation(MOP-PLUS) and integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) models. The ESs were revealed regarding spatio-temporal trade-offs/synergies using Spearman correlation and geographically weighted regression (GWR). It was found that: (1)the ESs in CYUA is characterized with high spatial heterogeneity in 2030; specifically, the distribution of WY and SR was low in the northwestern region and high in the southeastern region, while the distribution of HQ and CS was high in the western region and the periphery, and low in the eastern and central regions; (2) the trade-offs between WY-HQ, and WY-CS, and the synergies between WY-SR, HQ-SR, HQ-CS, HQ-CS, and HQ-SR; (3) under the six different scenarios, the spatial distribution of trade-offs/synergies between the four ESs was consistent: the SR-HQ, SR-CS, and WY-CS showed an overall weak synergistic relationship; the HQ-CS showed an overall weak trade-offs; the HQ-WY, CS-WY showed an overall weak synergistic relationship in the northern and southern areas and an overall weak trade-off relationship in the center. The findings of this study may provide a theoretical foundation for ecosystem management in CYUA and offer technical support for the evaluation of national land space.
Journal Article
The ambient air quality standards, green innovation, and urban air quality: evidence from China
As China’s economy transitions, environmental issues have become a major concern. This study examines the impact of Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) on urban air quality using panel data from 284 cities in China from 2006 to 2019. The study utilizes DID (Difference-in-Difference) models to analyze the regulatory effects of AAQS and its spatial spillover. Additionally, the serial multiple mediation models are constructed to investigate the role of green innovation. The findings reveal that the AAQS positively affects urban air quality, albeit with a notable “hysteresis effect.” Local implementation of AAQS worsens air quality in neighboring cities within a distance of 400 km, but beyond 400 km, the effect is reversed. Heterogeneity analysis shows that AAQS improves air quality in central cities, large-sized and medium-sized cities, cities with weak environmental governance, and resource-based cities. Mechanism tests suggest that AAQS may enhance urban air quality by promoting green innovation and optimizing industrial structure. Especially, either the energy-use effect or industrial-structure effect triggered by green innovation can contribute to the improvement of urban air quality.
Journal Article
Novel cancer subtyping method guided by tumor-normal sample in latent space of transcriptomic variational autoencoder
Tumorigenesis is a microevolutionary process in which heterogeneous tumor cells adapt within a complex microenvironment. Current tumor omics analyses often focus exclusively on tumor samples, overlooking the valuable insights that normal tissues can provide. To address this gap, we introduce VaDTN (Variational Autoencoder–Derived Tumor-to-Normal), a pan-cancer framework that integrates transcriptomic data from both tumor and normal samples into a unified latent space. By measuring each tumor’s “distance” from a normal reference within this latent space, VaDTN reveals subtle molecular shifts linked to tumor evolution and heterogeneity. We applied VaDTN to six representative cancers
(
SKCM
,
BRCA
,
LIHC
,
LUSC
,
STAD
,
and PAAD
)
, identifying distinct subtypes characterized by unique transcriptional profiles. Notably, four cancer types (SKCM, BRCA, LIHC, and STAD) displayed significant survival stratification based on these subtype groupings, underscoring the clinical relevance of the distance-based approach. This reference-centered perspective thus provides a refined lens for dissecting intra-tumor diversity and guiding potential precision oncology strategies.
Journal Article
Efficient, narrow-band, and stable electroluminescence from organoboron-nitrogen-carbonyl emitter
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) exploiting simple binary emissive layers (EMLs) blending only emitters and hosts have natural advantages in low-cost commercialization. However, previously reported OLEDs based on binary EMLs hardly simultaneously achieved desired comprehensive performances, e.g., high efficiency, low efficiency roll-off, narrow emission bands, and high operation stability. Here, we report a molecular-design strategy. Such a strategy leads to a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate in our designed emitter
h
-BNCO-1 of 1.79×10
5
s
−1
. An OLED exploiting a binary EML with
h
-BNCO-1 achieves ultrapure emission, a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 40% and a mild roll-off of 14% at 1000 cd·m
−2
. Moreover,
h
-BNCO-1 also exhibits promising operational stability in an alternative OLED exploiting a compact binary EML (the lifetime reaching 95% of the initial luminance at 1000 cd m
−2
is ~ 137 h). Here, our work has thus provided a molecular-design strategy for OLEDs with promising comprehensive performance.
Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters composed of only period-2 elements are important for achieving comprehensive performances. Here, authors report hybridization of organoboron-nitrogen and carbonyl groups in the emitter to achieve a long device operational stability.
Journal Article
Ultralow thermal conductivity in all-inorganic halide perovskites
Controlling the flow of thermal energy is crucial to numerous applications ranging from microelectronic devices to energy storage and energy conversion devices. Here, we report ultralow lattice thermal conductivities of solution-synthesized, single-crystalline all-inorganic halide perovskite nanowires composed of CsPbI₃ (0.45 ± 0.05 W·m−1·K−1), CsPbBr₃ (0.42 ± 0.04 W·m−1·K−1), and CsSnI₃ (0.38 ± 0.04 W·m−1·K−1). We attribute this ultralow thermal conductivity to the cluster rattling mechanism, wherein strong optical–acoustic phonon scatterings are driven by a mixture of 0D/1D/2D collective motions. Remarkably, CsSnI₃ possesses a rare combination of ultralow thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity (282 S·cm−1), and high hole mobility (394 cm²·V−1·s−1). The unique thermal transport properties in all-inorganic halide perovskites hold promise for diverse applications such as phononic and thermoelectric devices. Furthermore, the insights obtained from this work suggest an opportunity to discover low thermal conductivity materials among unexplored inorganic crystals beyond caged and layered structures.
Journal Article