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Recent studies on enzymes and reader proteins for histone crotonylation support a function of histone crotonyla- tion in transcription. However, the enzyme（s） responsible for histone decrotonylation （HDCR） remains poorly de- fined. Moreover, it remains to be determined if histone crotonylation is physiologically significant and functionally distinct from or redundant to histone acetylation. Here we present evidence that class I histone deacetylases （HDACs） rather than sirtuin family deacetylases （SIRTs） are the major histone decrotonylases, and that histone erotonylation is as dynamic as bistone acetylation in mammalian cells. Notably, we have generated novel HDAC1 and HDAC3 mutants with impaired HDAC but intact HDCR activity. Using these mutants we demonstrate that selective HDCR in mammalian cells correlates with a broad transcriptional repression and diminished promoter association of cro- tonylation but not acetylation reader proteins. Furthermore, we show that histone erotonylation is enriched in and required for self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells.

Phenolamines and flavonoids are two important components in bee pollen. There are many reports on the bioactivity of flavonoids in bee pollen, but few on phenolamines. This study aims to separate and characterize the flavonoids and phenolamines from rape bee pollen, and compare their antioxidant activities and protective effects against oxidative stress. The rape bee pollen was separated to obtain 35% and 50% fractions, which were characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The results showed that the compounds in 35% fraction were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, while the compounds in 50% fraction were phenolamines, including di-p-coumaroyl spermidine, p-coumaroyl caffeoyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, di-p-coumaroyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, and tri-p-coumaroyl spermidine. The antioxidant activities of phenolamines and flavonoids were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. It was found that the antioxidant activity of phenolamines was significantly higher than that of flavonoids. Moreover, phenolamines showed better protective effects than flavonoids on HepG2 cells injured by AAPH. Furthermore, phenolamines could significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. This study lays a foundation for the further understanding of phenolamines in rape bee pollen.

The asymmetric synthesis of chiral-at-cage o -carboranes, whose chirality is associated with the substitution patterns on the polyhedron, is of great interest as the icosahedral carboranes have wide applications in medicinal and materials chemistry. Herein we report an intermolecular Ir-catalyzed enantioselective B−H alkenylation for efficient and facile synthesis of chiral-at-cage o -carboranes with new skeletons under mild reaction conditions. Generally very good to excellent yields with up to 99% ee can be achieved in this Ir-catalyzed B−H alkenylation. The enantiocontrol model is proposed based on Density Functional Theory calculations in which the use of chiral phosphoramidite ligand is essential for such asymmetric o -carborane B−H alkenylation. Chiral-at-cage o-carboranes are clusters of carbon and boron atoms that, when functionalized, can lower the symmetry of the cluster. Here the authors present a method to alkenylate B–H bonds on ocarboranes enantioselectively via iridium catalysis.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most significant greenhouse gases, and its concentration and distribution in the atmosphere have always been a research hotspot. To study the temporal and spatial characteristics of atmospheric CO2 globally, it is crucial to evaluate the consistency of observation data from different carbon observation satellites. This study utilizes data from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) to verify the column-averaged dry air mole fractions of atmospheric CO2 (XCO2) retrieved by satellites from October 2014 to May 2016, specifically comparing the XCO2 distributions from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2). Our analysis indicates a strong correlation between the TCCON and both the GOSAT (correlation coefficient of 0.85) and OCO-2 (correlation coefficient of 0.91). Cross-validation further reveals that the measurements of the GOSAT and OCO-2 are highly consistent, with an average deviation and standard deviation of 0.92 ± 1.16 ppm and a correlation coefficient of 0.92. These differences remain stable over time, indicating that the calibration in the data set is reliable. Moreover, monthly averaged time-series and seasonal climatology comparisons were also performed separately over the six continents, i.e., Asia, North America, Europe, Africa, South America, and Oceania. The investigation of monthly XCO2 values across continents highlights greater consistency in Asia, North America, and Oceania (standard deviation from 0.15 to 0.27 ppm) as compared to Europe, South America, and Africa (standard deviation from 0.45 to 0.84 ppm). A seasonal analysis exhibited a high level of consistency in spring (correlation coefficient of 0.97), but lower agreement in summer (correlation coefficient of 0.78), potentially due to cloud cover and aerosol interference. Although some differences exist among the datasets, the overall findings demonstrate a strong correlation between the satellite measurements of XCO2. These results emphasize the importance of continued monitoring and calibration efforts to ensure the accurate assessment and understanding of atmospheric CO2 levels.

Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacteria, is characterized by localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, leading to an inflammatory response, which in turn leads to the destruction of periodontal supporting tissues. Therefore, antibacterial, scavenging ROS, reducing the inflammatory response, regulating periodontal microenvironment, and alleviating alveolar bone resorption are effective methods to treat periodontitis. In this study, we developed a ROS-responsive injectable hydrogel by modifying hyaluronic acid with 3-amino phenylboronic acid (PBA) and reacting it with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to form a borate bond. In addition, the ROS-responsive hydrogel encapsulated the antibacterial agent minocycline hydrochloride (MH) and Fe-Quercetin anti-inflammatory nanoparticles (Fe-Que NPs) for on-demand drug release in response to the periodontitis microenvironment. This hydrogel (HP-PVA@MH/Fe-Que) exhibited highly effective antibacterial properties. Moreover, by modulating the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway, it effectively eliminated ROS and promoted macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype, reducing inflammation and enhancing the osteogenic differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in the periodontal microenvironment. Animal studies showed that HP-PVA@MH/Fe-Que significantly reduced alveolar bone loss and enhanced osteogenic factor expression by killing bacteria and inhibiting inflammation. Thus, HP-PVA@MH/Fe-Que hydrogel had efficient antibacterial, ROS-scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and alveolar bone resorption-alleviation abilities, showing excellent application potential for periodontitis healing. Graphical abstract

Intercalated discs (ICDs) are highly orchestrated structures that connect neighboring cardiomyocytes in the heart. Three major complexes are distinguished in ICD: desmosome, adherens junction (AJ), and gap junction (GJ). Desmosomes are major cell adhesion junctions that anchor cell membrane to the intermediate filament network; AJs connect the actin cytoskeleton of adjacent cells; and gap junctions metabolically and electrically connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cardiomyocytes. All these complexes work as a single unit, the so-called area composita, interdependently rather than individually. Mutation or altered expression of ICD proteins results in various cardiac diseases, such as ARVC (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy), dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypotrophy cardiomyopathy, eventually leading to heart failure. In this article, we first review the recent findings on the structural organization of ICD and their functions and then focus on the recent advances in molecular pathogenesis of the ICD-related heart diseases, which include two major areas: i) the ICD gene mutations in cardiac diseases, and ii) the involvement of ICD proteins in signal transduction pathways leading to myocardium remodeling and eventual heart failure. These major ICD-related signaling pathways include Wnt/β-catenin pathway, p38 MAPK cascade, Rho-dependent serum response factor (SRF) signaling, calcineurin/NFAT signaling, Hippo kinase cascade, etc., which are differentially regulated in pathological conditions.

Our study explores the association between the adoption of green technology and the development of green dynamic capabilities to achieve green competitive advantage. This research concentrates explicitly on the mediating function of green product innovation. The study is grounded in the dynamic capabilities theory and seeks to improve understanding regarding how organizations can attain a competitive edge by employing green practices and capabilities. Data were obtained from 312 manufacturing business managers in Bangladesh. We utilized the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method to examine the data and evaluate the proposed hypotheses. The empirical evidence suggests that both green technology adoption and green dynamic capabilities significantly impact firms’ green product innovation and competitive advantage. Additionally, the findings indicate that green product innovation is a mediating variable in the association between green technology adoption-green competitive advantage and green dynamic capabilities-green competitive advantage. This research adds to the current body of literature by presenting empirical findings highlighting the crucial role of green technology and dynamic capabilities in promoting green competitive advantage. Our results reveal that it would be beneficial for organizations to prioritize adopting eco-friendly technologies and cultivating dynamic capabilities to improve their overall green performance. The present study contributes significantly to the literature by offering insights into the strategies managers and policymakers can employ to attain sustainable competitive advantage in the manufacturing sector.

Cylindrical vector beams (CVBs), being a special kind of beams with spatially variant states of polarizations, are promising in photonics applications, including high-resolution imaging, plasmon excitation, optical trapping, and laser machining. Recently, generating CVBs using metasurfaces has drawn enormous interest owing to their highly designable, multifunctional, and integratable features. However, related studies remain unexplored in the terahertz regime. Here, a generic method for efficiently generating terahertz CVBs carrying orbital angular momentums (OAMs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using transmission-type spatial-variant dielectric metasurfaces, which is realized by designing the interference between the two circularly polarized transmission components. This method is based on spin-decoupled phase control allowed by simultaneously manipulating the dynamic phase and geometric phase of each structure, endowing more degree of freedom in designing the vector beams. Two types of metasurfaces which respectively generate polarization-dependent terahertz vector vortex beams (VVBs) and vector Bessel beams (VBBs) are experimentally characterized. The proposed method opens a new window to generate versatile vector beams, providing new capabilities in developing novel, compact, and high-performance devices applicable to broad electromagnetic spectral regimes.

Magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) cement is a promising material for fire-proofing and insulation applications. Here, we have studied the effects of phosphoric acid and phosphates (H 3 PO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 and K 2 HPO 4 ) on the setting time, mechanical strength and water resistance of MOS cement. X-ray diffraction was used to examine phase composition, and analytical reagents were used to prepare samples of the new phase found so that it would be examined by chemical and thermogravimetric analyses. Adding phosphoric acid and phosphates can extend the setting time and improve the compressive strength and water resistance of MOS cement by changing the hydration process of MgO and the phase composition. A new subsulfate phase 5Mg(OH) 2 ·MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O (517 phase) is formed, which is needle-like and insoluble in water. Phosphoric acid or phosphates ionize in solution to form H 2 PO 4 − , HPO 4 2− and/or PO 4 3− , and these anions adsorb onto [Mg(OH)(H 2 O) x ] + to inhibit the formation of Mg(OH) 2 and further promote the generation of a new magnesium subsulfate phase, leading to the compact structure, high mechanical strength and good water resistance of MOS cement. The improvement produced by adding phosphoric acid or phosphates to MOS cement follows the order of H 3 PO 4  = KH 2 PO 4  ≫ K 2 HPO 4  > K 3 PO 4 .

As one of the bulk solid wastes in the Yellow River basin in China, fluorite tailings urgently need to be utilized as resources. In this paper, NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 were used for alkali thermal activation of ground fluorite tailings under different temperature conditions, and the reactivity was analyzed by XRD, SEM and compressive strength after hydration, so as to evaluate the feasibility of fluorite tailings as geopolymer precursor. The results show that the fluorite tailings can exhibit certain reactivity under alkaline heat excitation, and significant amorphous glass phase can be detected. The better heat excitation temperature is 1000 °C, while there is not enough amorphous glass phase for hydration reaction at the lower or higher temperature. The compressive strength of the tailings harden paste can reach 7.2 MPa at 28d after excitation with 50%NaOH at 1000 °C, which is expected to be used as geopolymer precursor after excitation.