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This study examines the importance of corporate sustainable development and its ESG (environmental, social, and governance) disclosure in the context of global climate change and resource scarcity. Taking BYD, a leading company in China’s new energy vehicle industry, as an example, this study analyzes the current status of its ESG disclosure. Although BYD has regularly published social responsibility reports since 2010 and has performed well in global ESG ratings, China’s ESG evaluation system is still relatively simple. It needs the support of comprehensive laws and regulations. This study examines BYD’s disclosure of environmental information, social responsibility, and corporate governance through case studies and points out the problems of selective reporting content and insufficient data support. Based on this, it is suggested that ESG legislation be strengthened, uniform disclosure standards be developed, China’s national conditions and dual-carbon targets be considered, and a third-party assessment mechanism be introduced to promote the high-quality development of new energy automotive enterprises and global green transformation.

Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is a globally important ornamental plant with great economic, cultural, and symbolic value. However, research on chrysanthemum is challenging due to its complex genetic background. Here, we report a near-complete assembly and annotation for C. morifolium comprising 27 pseudochromosomes (8.15 Gb; scaffold N50 of 303.69Mb). Comparative and evolutionary analyses reveal a whole-genome triplication (WGT) event shared by Chrysanthemum species approximately 6 million years ago (Mya) and the possible lineage-specific polyploidization of C. morifolium approximately 3 Mya. Multilevel evidence suggests that C. morifolium is likely a segmental allopolyploid. Furthermore, a combination of genomics and transcriptomics approaches demonstrate the C. morifolium genome can be used to identify genes underlying key ornamental traits. Phylogenetic analysis of CmCCD4a traces the flower colour breeding history of cultivated chrysanthemum. Genomic resources generated from this study could help to accelerate chrysanthemum genetic improvement.

Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death dependent on iron and characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides in cells and is closely related to various diseases. Female infertility is a global health concern, which is associated with a variety of factors. The etiology remains unknown in many women with infertility. With further investigation into the pathogenesis of infertility, a growing number of studies have demonstrated the close connections between infertility and ferroptosis. Through a literature review, it is found that ferroptosis is closely involved in endometriosis- and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)-associated infertility and tubal factor infertility. Iron overload increases the resistance to ferroptosis, and ferroptosis in some cells accelerates endometrial lesion growth. Moreover, iron overload may be hazardous to oocytes. This review may shed some light on the diagnosis and treatment of female infertility.

Compared with straight microchannels, wavy microchannels have been shown to significantly improve the heat transfer capability of microchannel heat sinks. The present study introduces a bidirectional curved wavy microchannel design aimed at enhancing performance. The thermo-hydraulic performance of bidirectional curved and ordinary wavy microchannels within the Reynolds number range of 300–800 is analyzed numerically under a constant heat flux. The results indicate that the bidirectional curved microchannel achieves optimal performance at an inlet velocity of 0.6 m/s. Compared with the ordinary wavy microchannel, the comprehensive performance factor of the bidirectional curved wavy microchannel with A2 = 2 mm and λ2 = 8 mm increases by 48% under the same inlet Reynolds number. For the preferred bidirectional curved wavy microchannel with A2 = 2 mm and λ2 = 12 mm, the average secondary flow intensity is enhanced by 153%, the comprehensive performance factor reaches 1.35, and the minimum entropy generation rate decreases by 6.87%. The enhanced heat transfer is attributed to the increased main flow velocity and the secondary flow intensity due to the bidirectional curve, which promotes coolant mixing.

Upper extremity deficits (UED) is a common and impactful complication among stroke survivors. Virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation holds potential for enhancing rehabilitation intensity and engagement by stimulating tasks. While several clinical studies have examined the effectiveness and safety of VR-based rehabilitation, there is a need for further research to improve consistency in outcomes. The study will incorporate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the effects of VR-based rehabilitation on upper extremity (UE) function in stroke survivors. A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Cinahl, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan-fang, and Chinese Biology Medicine Database will be performed from inception to the start of the study. Primary outcomes will focus on upper limb motor function assessments such as the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FMUE), Box and Block Test (BBT), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). Secondary outcomes related to activities of daily living will include the Barthel Index (BI) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Research selection, data extraction, and quality assessment will be independently conducted by two researchers. The recently revised Cochrane risk of bias tool will be employed to evaluate study quality. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be utilized to identify effective therapy delivery modes and patterns. The assessment, development, and evaluation of recommendations approach will be applied to achieve a robust conclusion. This study provides a rigorous synthesis to evaluate optimal parameters-specifically intensity and duration-for VR-based rehabilitation interventions aimed at enhancing UE function in stroke survivors. Our secondary objective is to assess the impact of these parameters on rehabilitation outcomes. We anticipate an accurate, transparent, and standardized review process that will yield evidence-based recommendations for integrating VR technology into treating upper extremity dysfunction in stroke patients, offering clinicians effective strategies to enhance upper limb function.

Grafting is widely used in fruit, vegetable, and flower propagation to improve biotic and abiotic stress resistance, yield, and quality. At present, the systemic changes caused by grafting, as well as the mechanisms and effects of long-distance signal transport between rootstock and scion have mainly been investigated in model plants ( and ). However, these aspects of grafting vary when different plant materials are grafted, so the study of model plants provides only a theoretical basis and reference for the related research of grafted vegetables. The dearth of knowledge about the transport of signaling molecules in grafted vegetables is inconsistent with the rapid development of large-scale vegetable production, highlighting the need to study the mechanisms regulating the rootstock-scion interaction and long-distance transport. The rapid development of molecular biotechnology and \"omics\" approaches will allow researchers to unravel the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the rootstock-scion interaction in vegetables. We summarize recent progress in the study of the physiological aspects (e.g., hormones and nutrients) of the response in grafted vegetables and focus in particular on long-distance molecular signaling (e.g., RNA and proteins). This review provides a theoretical basis for studies of the rootstock-scion interaction in grafted vegetables, as well as provide guidance for rootstock breeding and selection to meet specific demands for efficient vegetable production.

Background Chronic pain in older adults represents a major public health concern, with non-pharmacological interventions gaining importance as a key strategy for pain management. Social support, positive and negative affect, and pain catastrophizing are known to be associated with pain intensity in older adults. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social support on pain intensity in older adults with chronic pain and to explore the mediating roles of positive affect, negative affect, and pain catastrophizing. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 363 older adults with chronic pain who completed the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Serial mediation analysis was conducted to test whether positive and negative affect and pain catastrophizing act sequentially as mediators between social support and pain intensity. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted using Mplus 8.3 to examine whether positive and negative affect and pain catastrophizing serially mediate the association between social support and pain intensity. Results Social support was negatively associated with pain intensity, both directly and indirectly, through the separate mediating effects of positive affect (β = -0.129, 95% CI: -0.176, -0.082) and pain catastrophizing (β = -0.199, 95% CI: -0.262, -0.136). The sum of these indirect effects accounted for 49.84% of the total effect. Furthermore, social support was indirectly associated with reduced pain intensity via the serial mediation of negative affect and pain catastrophizing (β = -0.088, 95% CI: -0.131, -0.059) and the serial mediation of positive affect and pain catastrophizing (β = -0.066, 95% CI: -0.099, -0.043). These pathways collectively accounted for 23.40% of the total effect. Conclusion Healthcare providers (e.g., nurses, physicians, and therapists) should enhance chronic pain management by assessing patients’ social support levels and implementing interventions focused on emotional regulation and cognitive restructuring. An interdisciplinary approach is recommended to effectively reduce pain intensity in older adults. Trial registration Not applicable.

Autoimmune diseases comprise a large group of conditions characterized by a complex pathogenesis and significant heterogeneity in their clinical manifestations. Advances in sequencing technology have revealed that in addition to genetic susceptibility, various epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modification play critical roles in disease development. The emerging field of epigenetics has provided new perspectives on the pathogenesis and development of autoimmune diseases. Aberrant epigenetic modifications can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Exploration of human epigenetic profiles revealed that patients with autoimmune diseases exhibit markedly altered DNA methylation profiles compared with healthy individuals. Targeted cutting-edge epigenetic therapies are emerging. For example, DNA methylation inhibitors can rectify methylation dysregulation and relieve patients. Histone deacetylase inhibitors such as vorinostat can affect chromatin accessibility and further regulate gene expression, and have been used in treating hematological malignancies. Epigenetic therapies have opened new avenues for the precise treatment of autoimmune diseases and offer new opportunities for improved therapeutic outcomes. Our review can aid in comprehensively elucidation of the mechanisms of autoimmune diseases and development of new targeted therapies that ultimately benefit patients with these conditions.

Limited Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) knowledge among China's youth is a considerable challenge that impacts not only China but also the global progression towards sustainable development goals. This study aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of China's sex education policy, its evolution in recent years, and the role played by domestic and international actors in the policy-making process. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies were employed to investigate the current state and historical progression of China's sex education policy. The findings reveal a significant correlation between the government's emphasis on sex education and several key indicators, including the incidence of abortion, the level of gender equality, and the development of the education system. The study also identifies several roadblocks hampering the comprehensive development of sex education in China, and recommends the establishment of a dedicated cross-ministerial institution to enhance collaboration and guide the development of comprehensive sex education in China.

Neat1 is widely expressed in many tissues and cells and exerts pro-proliferation effects on many cancer cells. However, little is known about the function of Neat1 in myogenesis. Here we characterized the roles of Neat1 in muscle cell formation and muscle regeneration. Gain- or loss-of-function studies in C2C12 cells demonstrated that Neat1 accelerates myoblast proliferation but suppresses myoblast differentiation and fusion. Further, knockdown of Neat1 in vivo increased the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers but impaired muscle regeneration. Mechanically, Neat1 physically interacted with Ezh2 mainly through the core binding region (1001–1540 bp) and recruited Ezh2 to target gene promoters. Neat1 promoted myoblast proliferation mainly by decreasing the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21 gene but inhibited myoblast differentiation by suppressing the transcription of myogenic marker genes, such as Myog , Myh4 , and Tnni2 . Altogether, we uncover a previously unknown function of Neat1 in muscle development and the molecular mechanism by which Neat1 regulates myogenesis.