Explore the vast range of titles available.

An HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 32 polyphenolic compounds in berries was established. For method validation, the berry samples were extracted with 80% ethanol, purified on an HLB column, and separated on a C18 column via gradient elution with an acetonitrile–water mobile phase system before mass spectrometry detection with electrospray ionization in negative mode and multiple reaction monitoring. The results revealed that the 32 polyphenolic compounds had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 1–500 μg/L, with R2 > 0.99, limits of detection, limits of quantitation, and recoveries of 0.2–0.6 μg/kg, 0.3–1.0 μg/kg, and 82.8–104.8%, respectively, and RSDs < 5.8%. The contents of polyphenolic compounds in the berries were determined, with 23 polyphenolic compounds in sea buckthorn, 18 in mulberry, 17 in black wolfberry, and 12 in red wolfberry. Eight polyphenolic compounds were found in all 4 kinds of berries, including 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, erucic acid, rutin, hypericin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and daffinoside. Additionally, six polyphenolic compounds, catechin, syringic acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, cinnamic acid, and isorhamnetin, were detected only in sea buckthorn.

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water has triggered an intensive search for metal-free semiconducting photocatalysts. However, traditional semiconducting materials suffer from limited hydrogen evolution efficiency owing to low intrinsic electron transfer, rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers, and lack of artificial microstructure. Herein, we report a metal-free half-metallic carbon nitride for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The introduced half-metallic features not only effectively facilitate carrier transfer but also provide more active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction. The nanosheets incorporated into a micro grid mode resonance structure via in situ pyrolysis of ionic liquid, which show further enhanced photoelectronic coupling and entire solar energy exploitation, boosts the hydrogen evolution rate reach up to 1009 μmol g −1  h −1 . Our findings propose a strategy for micro-structural regulations of half-metallic carbon nitride material, and meanwhile the fundamentals provide inspirations for the steering of electron transfer and solar energy absorption in electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and photovoltaic cells. The “storage” of sunlight as a chemical fuel can provide renewable on-demand energy, although current earth-abundant materials usually show low activities. Here, authors construct a carbon nitride material whose half-metallicity and micro grid resonance structure boost light-driven H 2 evolution.

3D object-detection based on LiDAR point clouds can help driverless vehicles detect obstacles. However, the existing point-cloud-based object-detection methods are generally ineffective in detecting small objects such as pedestrians and cyclists. Therefore, a small-object-detection algorithm based on clustering is proposed. Firstly, a new segmented ground-point clouds segmentation algorithm is proposed, which filters out the object point clouds according to the heuristic rules and realizes the ground segmentation by multi-region plane-fitting. Then, the small-object point cloud is clustered using an improved DBSCAN clustering algorithm. The K-means++ algorithm for pre-clustering is used, the neighborhood radius is adaptively adjusted according to the distance, and the core point search method of the original algorithm is improved. Finally, the detection of small objects is completed using the directional wraparound box model. After extensive experiments, it was shown that the precision and recall of our proposed ground-segmentation algorithm reached 91.86% and 92.70%, respectively, and the improved DBSCAN clustering algorithm improved the recall of pedestrians and cyclists by 15.89% and 9.50%, respectively. In addition, visualization experiments confirmed that our proposed small-object-detection algorithm based on the point-cloud clustering method can realize the accurate detection of small objects.

Metro stations serve as critical hubs for passenger gathering and scattering. Under disturbing scenarios, a station’s ability to respond to disturbances, named resilience, fundamentally governs the operational stability, sustainability and emergency performance of the metro network. Existing metro network resilience studies typically treated stations merely as topological nodes, making it impossible to account for the internal passenger flow organization and facility capacities of the station. The resilience of the station itself cannot be characterized and quantified. This study focuses on the metro station’s resilience. From the perspective of sustainable operation, considering the passenger flow management of the station, the station’s resilience is defined as the ability of the station to maintain its basic service capabilities and minimize the number of delayed passengers within the station during disturbances. A passenger delay coefficient is introduced to quantify variations in passenger delay volumes within the station. The total number of passengers entering and leaving a station is used to quantify its service capacity. A resilience measurement model for the station is constructed by coupling the passenger delay coefficient and the service capacity. A case study of a transfer station experiencing a sudden passenger surge is conducted for model validation, considering passenger flow control measures and train capacity constraints. The results demonstrate that the model measures the station’s resilience across varying passenger flow management strategies effectively. This study provides a quantitative tool for measuring metro station resilience, enabling emergency responses, operational optimization and policy formulation that support the sustainable and stable operation of metro stations and networks.

Ferroelectrics are essential in memory devices for multi-bit storage and high-density integration. Ferroelectricity mainly exists in compounds but rare in single-element materials due to their lack of spontaneous polarization in the latter. However, we report a room-temperature ferroelectricity in quasi-one-dimensional Te nanowires. Piezoelectric characteristics, ferroelectric loops and domain reversals are clearly observed. We attribute the ferroelectricity to the ion displacement created by the interlayer interaction between lone-pair electrons. Ferroelectric polarization can induce a strong field effect on the transport along the Te chain, giving rise to a self-gated ferroelectric field-effect transistor. By utilizing ferroelectric Te nanowire as channel, the device exhibits high mobility (~220 cm 2 ·V −1 ·s −1 ), continuous-variable resistive states can be observed with long-term retention (>10 5 s), fast speed (<20 ns) and high-density storage (>1.92 TB/cm 2 ). Our work provides opportunities for single-element ferroelectrics and advances practical applications such as ultrahigh-density data storage and computing-in-memory devices. Authors find room-temperature ferroelectricity in single element Te nanowires, highlighting that reducing dimensions to 1D in low-dimensional piezoelectric materials with chain structures is an effective strategy to induce ferroelectricity absent in their 2D form.

Magnetoelectric materials, which encompass coupled magnetic and electric polarizabilities within a single phase, hold great promises for magnetic controlled electronic components or electric-field controlled spintronics. However, the realization of ideal magnetoelectric materials remains tough due to the inborn competion between ferroelectricity and magnetism in both levels of symmetry and electronic structure. Herein, we introduce a methodology for constructing single phase paramagnetic ferroelectric molecule [TMCM][FeCl 4 ], which shows low-magnetic-field magnetoelectricity at room temperature. By applying a low magnetic field (≤1 kOe), the halogen Cl‧‧‧Cl distance and the volume of [FeCl 4 ] − anions could be manipulated. This structural change causes a characteristic magnetostriction hysteresis, resulting in a substantial deformation of ~10 −4 along the a -axis under an in-plane magnetic field of 2 kOe. The magnetostrictive effect is further qualitatively simulated by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, this mechanical deformation significantly dampens the ferroelectric polarization by directly influencing the overall dipole configuration. As a result, it induces a remarkable α 31 component (~89 mV Oe −1 cm −1 ) of the magnetoelectric tensor. And the magnetoelectric coupling, characterized by the change of polarization, reaches ~12% under 40 kOe magnetic field. Our results exemplify a design methodology that enables the creation of room-temperature magnetoelectrics by leveraging the potent effects of magnetostriction. The authors report a molecular ferroelectric (TMCM)[FeCl 4 ], which shows strong magnetostrictive and magnetoelectric effects at room temperature. The spin-lattice coupling of FeCl 4 and flexible structure of organic cations are responsible for these effects.

Despite intensive efforts, the fluorescence of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) still suffers from a poor color purity, which limits the applications in light emitting and multicolor display. A deep understanding on the fundamental of the photoluminescent (PL) spectral broadening is thus of great significance. Herein, the PL decay curves of the CsPbClxBr3-x NCs are monitored at different wavelengths covering the entire PL band. Moreover, energy relaxation time τ and radiative recombination time β are obtained by numerical fittings. The dependences of τ and 1/β on the detection wavelength agree well with the steady-state PL spectrum, indicating the observed PL broadening is an intrinsic effect due to the resonance and off-resonance exciton radiative recombination processes. This work not only provides a new analysis method for time-resolved PL spectra of perovskites, but also gains a deep insight into the spectral broadening of the lead halide perovskite NCs.

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of spiropyridazine-benzosultams has been developed by means of [4 + 2] annulation reaction of 3-substituted benzoisothiazole 1,1-dioxides with 1,2-diaza-1,3-dienes. This approach displays advantages such as mild reaction conditions, wide substrate range tolerance, simple operation, compatibility with gram-scale preparation.

Osteosarcoma (OS), with a high tendency for recurrence and metastasis, is associated with severe impairment of bone regeneration. The inherent temperature-sensitive property of tumors positions magnetic hyperthermia (MH) as an increasingly significant area in non-pharmacological cancer treatments. However, the temperature threshold for tumor ablation often causes tissue damage and bone homeostasis imbalance. Therefore, development of moderate MH for OS, capable of achieving tumor ablation while concurrently restoring bone homeostasis, offers significant potential for addressing this challenge. This study integrates magnetothermal nanoparticles with defined temperature thresholds and borosilicate bioactive glass (BSG) to create an injectable magnetothermal bioactive system that allows for regulation of MH temperature. The ionic and alkaline microenvironment from BSG degradation primarily impairs the malignant behavior of OS cells by activating the TNF signaling pathway. This sickening effect diminishes the hyperthermia tolerance of OS cells, thereby boosting apoptosis of OS cells, even in the presence of the limited anti-tumor effects of moderate MH. Furthermore, the combination of moderate MH and BSG also promotes optimal bone formation by stimulating human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) via calcium and JAK-STAT3 signaling pathways. Collectively, this flourishes the therapeutic approaches and theories for the prevention and management of clinically refractory bone tumors. The development of moderate magnetic hyperthermia (MH) for tumor ablation while concurrently restoring bone homeostasis shows potential for osteosarcoma (OS) therapy. Here this group combines magnetothermal nanoparticles with MH temperature-controlled borosilicate bioactive glass achieving OS cell impair while activating TNF signaling pathway for therapeutic purpose.

Accurate traffic flow prediction is essential for highway operations, especially during holidays when surging traffic poses significant challenges. This study focuses on holiday traffic and introduces a spatiotemporal cross-attention network (ST-Cross-Attn) that combines a bidirectional convolutional LSTM (Bi-ConvLSTM) with a cross-attention module to jointly predict toll station inbound flow and outbound flow. Under the multi-task learning framework, the model shares spatial–temporal features between inbound flow and outbound flow, enhancing their representations and improving multi-step prediction accuracy. Using three years of highway traffic flow data during Labor Day from Shandong, China, ST-Cross-Attn outperformed eight state-of-the-art benchmarks, achieving an average improvement of 4.34% in inbound flow prediction and 2.3% in outbound flow prediction. Extensive ablation studies further confirmed the effectiveness of the model’s components and multi-task learning framework, demonstrating its potential for reliable holiday traffic forecasting.