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Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted considerable attention over the last two decades because of a high energy density and low cost. However, the wide application of Li–S batteries has been severely impeded due to the poor electrical conductivity of S, shuttling effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and sluggish redox kinetics of S species, especially under high S loading. To address all these issues, a Ni–CeO2 heterostructure‐doped carbon nanofiber (Ni‐CeO2‐CNF) is developed as an S host that combines the strong adsorption with the high catalytic activity and the good electrical conductivity, where the LiPSs anchored on the heterostructure surface can directly gain electrons from the current collector and realize a fast conversion between S8 and Li2S. Therefore, Li–S batteries with S@Ni‐CeO2‐CNF cathodes exhibit superior long‐term cycling stability, with a capacity decay of 0.046% per cycle over 1000 cycles, even at 2 C. Noteworthy, under a sulfur loading up to 6 mg cm−2, a high reversible areal capacity of 5.3 mAh cm−2 can be achieved after 50 cycles at 0.1 C. The heterostructure‐modified S cathode effectively reconciles the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of LiPSs for adsorption and conversion, furthering the development of high‐performance Li–S batteries. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations show that the Ni‐CeO2 heterostructure combines the strong adoption of LiPSs with excellent catalytic activity for accelerating the redox kinetics between S8 and Li2S. The present study provides an effective strategy for accommodating the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of LiPSs adsorption and conversion.The material prepared in this study has considerable application potential in high‐performance Li‐S batteries.

Room-temperature liquid metal has been widely used in flexible and stretchable sensors, focusing on embedding liquid metal in microchannels, liquid metal microdroplets formation, captive sensors, and liquid metal nanoparticles, etc. In this paper, a facile Eutectic Galium-Indium (EGaln) liquid-based microfluidic high-sensitivity, skin-mountable, and ultra-soft stretchable sensor is developed. It comprises Ecoflex microfluidic assembly filled with EGaln, which serves as the working fluid of the stretchable sensor. The lithography method is applied to achieve microfluidic channel. The microfluidic channel is optimized by using topology method and finite element analysis, making this device with high conformability and high stretchability. This method achieved an outstanding effect on elastomer-encapsulated strain gauge, which displays an approximately linear behavior with a gauge factor (GF). The GF could reach as high as 4.95 when the strain ultimately reached 550%. Applications of detection of the joints, fingers, and wrists has been conducted and showed excellent results. This work can further facilitate the exploration and potential realization of a functional liquid-state device technology with superior mechanical flexibility and conformability.

In December 2019, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a serious pandemic in China and other countries worldwide. So far, more than 460,000 confirmed cases were diagnosed in nearly 190 countries, causing globally over 20,000 deaths. Currently, the epidemic is still spreading and there is no effective means to prevent the infection. Vaccines are proved to be the most effective and economical means to prevent and control infectious diseases. Several countries, companies, and institutions announced their programs and progress on vaccine development against the virus. While most of the vaccines are under design and preparation, there are some that have entered efficacy evaluation in animals and initial clinical trials. This review mainly focused on the progress and our prospects on field of vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2.

There is growing attention and rapid development on flexible electronic devices with electronic materials and sensing technology innovations. In particular, strain sensors with high elasticity and stretchability are needed for several potential applications including human entertainment technology, human–machine interface, personal healthcare, and sports performance monitoring, etc. This article presents recent advancements in the development of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based flexible resistive strain sensors for wearable applications. First of all, the article shows that PDMS-based stretchable resistive strain sensors are successfully fabricated by different methods, such as the filtration method, printing technology, micromolding method, coating techniques, and liquid phase mixing. Next, strain sensing performances including stretchability, gauge factor, linearity, and durability are comprehensively demonstrated and compared. Finally, potential applications of PDMS-based flexible resistive strain sensors are also discussed. This review indicates that the era of wearable intelligent electronic systems has arrived.

A reduction in the particle size is expected to improve the properties and increase the application potential of high-entropy alloys. Therefore, in this study, a novel sol–gel autocombustion technique was first used to synthesize high-entropy alloys. The average grain size of the prepared nanocrystalline CoCrCuNiAl high-entropy alloys showed was 14 nm with an excellent and uniform dispersion, exhibiting a distinct magnetic behavior similar to the superparamagnetic behavior. We show that the metal nitrates first form (Co,Cu,Mg,Ni,Zn)O high-entropy oxides, and then in situ reduce to CoCrCuNiAl high-entropy alloys by the reducing gases, and the chelation between citric acid and the metal ions and the in situ chemical reactions are the dominant reaction mechanisms. We demonstrate that the sol–gel autocombustion process is an efficient way to synthesize solid solution alloys eluding the restriction of a high mixing entropy.

A synopsis of the species of Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 (Myxozoa, Myxosporea, Myxobolidae) described between 2005 and 2013 is presented, including 112 nominal species. For each species the most important morphological and morphometric features are indicated in tabulated format. Included are also accession numbers for molecular data (when available), site of the infection within the host, features of the vegetative stage, organ infected, etc., plus a full bibliography of the original records for these species.

A new ceramic sintering approach employing plastic deformation as the dominant mechanism is proposed, at low temperature close to the onset point of grain growth and under high pressure. Based on this route, fully dense boron carbide without grain growth can be prepared at 1,675–1,700 °C and under pressure of (≥) 80 MPa in 5 minutes. The dense boron carbide shows excellent mechanical properties, including Vickers hardness of 37.8 GPa, flexural strength of 445.3 MPa and fracture toughness of 4.7 MPa•m 0.5 . Such a process should also facilitate the cost-effective preparation of other advanced ceramics for practical applications.

The improvement of non-oxide ceramic plasticity while maintaining the high-temperature strength is a great challenge through the classical strategy, which generally includes decreasing grain size to several nanometers or adding ductile binder phase. Here, we report that the plasticity of fully dense boron carbide (B 4 C) is greatly enhanced due to the boundary non-stoichiometry induced by high-pressure sintering technology. The effect decreases the plastic deformation temperature of B 4 C by 200 °C compared to that of conventionally-sintered specimens. Promoted grain boundary diffusion is found to enhance grain boundary sliding, which dominate the lower-temperature plasticity. In addition, the as-produced specimen maintains extraordinary strength before the occurrence of plasticity. The study provides an efficient strategy by boundary chemical change to facilitate the plasticity of ceramic materials. Improving plasticity in non-oxide ceramics while maintaining their high-temperature strength is challenging. Here, the authors report an enhancement of plasticity in B 4 C owing to the boundary non-stoichiometry. The results show excellent strength maintenance before the onset of plasticity.

The fertilised chick egg and particularly its chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) have drawn continuing interest in biomedicine and bioengineering fields, especially for research on vascular study, cancer, drug screening and development, cell factors, stem cells, etc. This literature review systemically introduces the CAM’s structural evolution, functions, vascular features and the circulation system, and cell regulatory factors. It also presents the major and updated applications of the CAM in assays for pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, drug efficacy and toxicology testing/screening in preclinical pharmacological research. The time course of CAM applications for different assays and their advantages and limitations are summarised. Among these applications, two aspects are emphasised: (1) potential utility of the CAM for preclinical studies on vascular-disrupting agents (VDAs), promising for anti-cancer vascular-targeted therapy, and (2) modern imaging technologies, including modalities and their applications for real-time visualisation, monitoring and evaluation of the changes in CAM vasculature as well as the interactions occurring after introducing the tested medical, pharmaceutical and biological agents into the system. The aim of this article is to help those working in the biomedical field to familiarise themselves with the chick embryo CAM as an alternative platform and to utilise it to design and optimise experimental settings for their specific research topics.

To address these challenges, we propose a subdomain adaptation framework driven by transferable semantic alignment and class correlation. First, source and target domains are divided into subdomains according to class labels, and a joint subdomain distribution alignment mechanism is introduced to reduce intra-class distribution divergence while enlarging inter-class disparities. Second, a domain-adaptive semantic consistency loss is employed to cluster semantically similar samples and separate dissimilar ones in a unified representation space, enabling precise cross-domain semantic alignment. Third, pseudo-label quality in the target domain is improved via temperature-based label smoothing, complemented by a class correlation matrix and a loss function capturing inter-class relationships to exploit intrinsic intra-class coherence and inter-class distinction. Extensive experiments on multiple public datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior average classification accuracy compared to existing approaches, validating the effectiveness of semantic alignment and class correlation modeling. By explicitly modeling intra-class coherence and inter-class distinction without additional architectural complexity, the framework effectively mitigates domain shift, enhances semantic alignment, and improves recognition performance on the target domain, offering a robust solution for deep unsupervised domain adaptation.