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Two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystal superlattices integrate diverse 2D layered materials enabling adjustable electronic and optical properties. However, tunability of the interlayer gap and interactions remain challenging. Here we report a solution based on soft oxygen plasma intercalation. 2D atomic crystal molecular superlattices (ACMSs) are produced by intercalating O 2 + ions into the interlayer space using the plasma electric field. Stable molecular oxygen layer is formed by van der Waals interactions with adjacent transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers. The resulting interlayer gap expansion can effectively isolate TMD monolayers and impart exotic properties to homo-(MoS 2 [O 2 ] x ) and hetero-(MoS 2 [O 2 ] x /WS 2 [O 2 ] x ) stacked ACMSs beyond typical capacities of monolayer TMDs, such as 100 times stronger photoluminescence and 100 times higher photocurrent. Our potentially universal approach to tune interlayer stacking and interactions in 2D ACMSs may lead to exotic superlattice properties intrinsic to monolayer materials such as direct bandgap pursued for future optoelectronics. Two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystal superlattices offer technological opportunities beyond the reach of existing materials. Here, the authors produce 2D atomic crystal molecular superlattices by intercalating O 2 molecules into the interlayer space of 2D materials using a soft plasma strategy.

As an important national cultural treasure, intangible cultural heritage (ICH) faces certain problems in inheritance and sustainability. With the development of digital technology, the increasing research and application of virtual reality technology in ICH have been presented. This paper proposes a virtual experience system for Dongyang bamboo weaving, a traditional form of ICH craftsmanship, to display its historical background, cultural connotation, and technical craftsmanship. The learning module of the system is evaluated through the comparative experiments by 8 subjects. From the experimental data, compared with the computer, the average time for subjects to learn bamboo weaving in the system is shorter. The results of the questionnaire indicate that the learning module arouse their interest in bamboo weaving. The result shows the system is able to create an immersive and interactive scene for the users to understand bamboo weaving culture and learn the skills, which may encourage the sustainable development of bamboo weaving culture from the perspective of diffusion and provide research methods for other studies on traditional craftsmanship of ICH.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor with few biomarkers to guide treatment options. Carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9), the most frequently used biomarker for PDAC, is not sensitive and specific enough for the detection of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate serum periostin (POSTN) and CA242 as potential diagnostic biomarkers complementing CA19.9 in detecting pancreatic cancer. Blood samples were from 362 participants, including 213 patients with different stages of PDAC, 75 patients with benign pancreatic disease, and 74 healthy individuals. All samples were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set. Carbohydrate antigen 19.9, CA242, POSTN, as well as carcinoembryonic antigen, were measured by ELISA or automated immunoassay. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the performance of CA19.9 in the validation group were improved by the marker panel composed of CA19.9, POSTN, and CA242, to discriminate early stage PDAC not only from healthy controls (area under the curve [AUC]CA19.9 = 0.94 vs AUCCA19.9 + POSTN + CA242 = 0.98, P < .05) but also from benign conditions (AUCCA19.9 = 0.87 vs AUCCA19.9 + POSTN + CA242 = 0.90, P < .05). In addition, POSTN retained significant diagnostic capabilities to distinguish PDAC CA19.9‐negative from healthy controls (AUCPOSTN = 0.87) as well as from benign conditions (AUCPOSTN = 0.84) in the whole set. This study suggested that POSTN and CA242 are potential diagnostic serum biomarkers complementing CA19.9 in detecting early pancreatic cancer. Serum levels of periostin (POSTN) were significantly increased in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Performances of carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9) were improved by the marker panel composed of CA19.9, POSTN, and CA242, to discriminate early stage PDAC from control subjects. POSTN retained significant diagnostic capabilities to distinguish CA19.9‐negative PDAC from control subjects.

Objectives MiR‐34 is a tumour suppressor in breast cancer. Neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R), which is the predicted target of the miR‐34 family, is overexpressed in many cancers. This study investigated the correlation and clinical significance of miR‐34 and NK1R in breast cancer. Materials and Methods Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and luciferase assays were conducted to analyse the regulation of NK1R by miR‐34 in MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, T47D, SK‐BR‐3 and HEK‐293 T cells. MiR‐34b/c‐5p, full‐length NK1R (NK1R‐FL) and truncated NK1R (NK1R‐Tr) expression in fifty patients were quantified by qRT‐PCR and correlated with their clinicopathological parameters. CCK‐8 assays, colony formation assays and flow cytometry were used to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells transfected with miR‐34b/c‐5p or NK1R‐siRNA and before treatment with or without Substance P (SP), an endogenous peptide agonists of NK1R. The effect of NK1R antagonist aprepitant was also investigated. In vivo xenograft models were used to further verify the regulation of NK1R by miR‐34b/c‐5p. Results Expression levels of miR‐34b/c‐5p and NK1R‐Tr, but not NK1R‐FL, were associated with enhanced malignant potential, such as tumour stage and Ki67 expression. The overexpression of miR‐34b/c‐5p or NK1R silencing potently suppressed cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase arrest and the apoptosis of MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 cells. The NK1R antagonist aprepitant had similar effects. In vivo studies confirmed that miR‐34b/c‐5p overexpression or NK1R silencing reduced the tumorigenicity of breast cancer. In addition, SP rescued the effects of miR‐34b/c‐5p overexpression or NK1R silencing on cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo assays. Conclusions MiR‐34b/c‐5p and NK1R contribute to breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis and are potential targets for breast cancer therapeutics.

Objective The aim of the present retrospective cohort study was to compare the clinical characteristics, perioperative outcomes and pregnancy outcomes of laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery, conventional laparoscopy (CL) surgery and transabdominal (TA) surgery for managing gynecological pelvic masses (GPMs) during the second (14–28 weeks) and third (> 28 weeks) trimesters. The study comprised patients who underwent surgical intervention (LESS, CL or TA surgery) for GPMs at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shannan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, between June 2018 and June 2023. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Multicenter academic healthcare institutions. Participants Patients undergoing surgical intervention for GPM at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Shannan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, between June 2018 and June 2023. Interventions LESS, CL, or TA. Results Among the 59 patients (gestational age: 13–29 weeks, including one case of twin pregnancy), 16 underwent LESS surgery, 25 underwent CL surgery, and 18 underwent TA surgery. Compared to the TA group, the laparoscopic group (LESS and CL surgeries) had shorter operative times and bed rest durations, lower inflammatory markers, and a reduced length of hospital stay post-operation. The LESS surgery group was noted to have lower VAS pain scores and lower SCAR scores at one month post-surgery compared with the CL group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in infant growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes at one year of age among the three groups. Conclusions The present study has shown that LESS surgery presents a safe and effective alternative for managing GPMs during the second and third trimesters, offering advantages in terms of postoperative recovery and scar appearance. Highlights Why this matters: The safety and benefits of LESS surgery for pelvic masses in pregnancy have been assessed. Key results: The key benefits were faster recovery, less pain, better scars vs. traditional methods and no harm caused to babies. Bottom line: A safe, minimally invasive option has become available for eligible patients.

Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), with rising incidence globally, shows heterogeneous responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). DNA methylation dysregulation impacts tumor immunity, necessitating predictive CpG methylation biomarkers for ICB efficacy. Methods Genome-wide methylation profiling (TCGA/GEO) identified prognostic promoter CpG islands linked to CD8⁺ T cell infiltration. Single-CpG resolution analysis guided TaqMan probe design, validated in two independent cohorts: non-ICB ( n  = 335) for prognosis and ICB-treated ( n  = 45) for immunotherapy prediction. Results High-throughput methylation analysis identified hypermethylation at the FBLN2 promoter (chr3:13590414–13591008), which correlated with advanced tumor stage, higher grade, and poorer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). This locus exhibited significant associations with CD8⁺ T cell infiltration and IFNγ pathway activation. In the non-ICB cohort, validation using a 5-CpG TaqMan assay confirmed FBLN2 hypermethylation as an independent prognostic marker for both OS (HR = 3.45, P  < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 2.43, P  = 0.023). Subsequent IHC analysis of 74 tumor specimens demonstrated strong concordance between FBLN2 percent methylation ratio (PMR) and CD8⁺ T cell density ( r  = 0.62, P  < 0.0001). In the anti-PD-1-treated cohort, high FBLN2 methylation was associated with a favorable immunotherapy response (Cohen’s weighted Kappa = 0.607, P  < 0.001) and predicted superior PFS (median 11.2 vs 3.4 months, HR = 0.35, P  = 0.006), suggesting its potential as a novel predictive biomarker for ICB efficacy. Conclusions FBLN2 promoter hypermethylation is a promising prognostic biomarker in ccRCC and a potential predictor of immunotherapy response. These findings warrant further investigation to validate its potential for enhancing personalized patient management.

Prostate cancer (PCa) death primarily occurs due to metastasis of the cells, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of UNC5D, a newly identified tumor suppressor gene, analyze its epigenetic alterations, and elucidate its functional relevance to PCa metastasis. Meta‐analysis of publicly available microarray datasets revealed that UNC5D expression was frequently downregulated in PCa tissues and inversely associated with PCa metastasis. These results were verified in clinical specimens by real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry assays. Through methylation analysis, the downregulated expression of UNC5D in PCa tissues and cell lines was found to be attributable to the hypermethylation of the promoter. A negative correlation was observed between methylation and UNC5D mRNA expression in PCa samples. The ectopic expression of UNC5D in PCa cells effectively reduced their ability to migrate and invade both in vitro and in vivo, and siRNA‐mediated knockdown of UNC5D yielded consistent results. UNC5D can recruit and activate death‐associated protein kinase 1, which remained to be essential for its metastatic suppressor function. In conclusion, these results suggested that UNC5D as a novel putative metastatic suppressor gene that is commonly down‐regulated by hypermethylation in PCa. Collectively, we have identified that UNC5D as a novel candidate metastasis suppressor that is silenced by promoter hypermethylation in prostate cancer (PCa). We present clinical evidence that UNC5D expression is negatively associated with its methylation level, as well as PCa metastasis. We also validated the metastasis suppressor function of UNC5D in PCa cells, which is dependent on the downstream activation of death‐associated protein kinase 1. Our findings proposed that UNC5D could be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for metastatic PCa.

To tackle the issue of aerial tracking failure in adverse weather conditions, we developed an innovative two-stage tracking method, which incorporates a lightweight image restoring model DADNet and an excellent pretrained tracker. Our method begins by restoring the degraded image, which yields a refined intermediate result. Then, the tracker capitalizes on this intermediate result to produce precise tracking bounding boxes. To expand the UAV123 dataset to various weather scenarios, we estimated the depth of the images in the dataset. Our method was tested on two famous trackers, and the experimental results highlighted the superiority of our method. The comparison experiment’s results also validated the dehazing effectiveness of our restoration model. Additionally, the components of our dehazing module were proven efficient through ablation studies.

Distributed hydrological models play a vital role in water resources management. With the rapid development of distributed hydrological models, research into model uncertainty has become a very important field. When studying traditional hydrological model uncertainty, it is very common to use multisite observation data to evaluate the performance of the model in the same watershed, but there are few studies on uncertainty in watersheds with different characteristics. This study is based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and uses two common methods: Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version 2 (SUFI-2) and Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) for uncertainty analysis. We compared these methods in terms of parameter uncertainty, model prediction uncertainty, and simulation effects. The Xiaoqing River basin and the Xinxue River basin, which have different characteristics, including watershed geography and scale, were used for the study areas. The results show that the GLUE method had better applicability in the Xiaoqing River basin, and that the SUFI-2 method provided more reasonable and accurate analysis results in the Xinxue River basin; thus, the applicability was higher. The uncertainty analysis method is affected to some extent by the characteristics of the watershed.

Background: Remimazolam is a good option for anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy procedures because of its rapid onset, short metabolic duration, and extensively documented safety profile. However, the accurate clinical dosage of these agents has yet to be determined. The objective of this research was to examine the efficacy of the 90% effective dose (ED90) of remimazolam in suppressing the responses of elderly patients during the insertion phase of upper GI endoscopy. Methods: We enrolled 53 individuals aged 65– 85 years who underwent upper GI endoscopy and were anesthetized with an intravenous bolus of remimazolam. After initiating an initial dose of 0.35 mg/kg remimazolam, subsequent adjustments were made on the basis of the patient’s response, employing an up‐and‐down sequential allocation using a biased coin design. The primary outcome was the ED90 of the remimazolam infusion for inhibiting the response to upper GI endoscope insertion. Adverse reactions during the perioperative period were observed and recorded. Results: The ED90 of remimazolam for upper GI endoscope insertion in elderly patients was 0.400 mg/kg (95% CI = 0.348–0.524). Stable circulation was maintained in all patients, and no serious adverse events were observed during sedation. Satisfaction levels were high among the participants: Patients reported a satisfaction score of 4.98 ± 0.14 points, anesthesiologists rated their satisfaction at 4.91 ± 0.35 points, and endoscopists expressed a satisfaction level of 4.89 ± 0.38 points (based on a total score of 5 points, with a minimum of 1 point). Conclusion: Administration of remimazolam for upper GI endoscopy in elderly patients was found to be both safe and effective. A single intravenous bolus at an ED90 dose of 0.556 mg/kg effectively suppressed the response to the procedure. Trial Registration: Chinese Registry of Clinical Trials: ChiCTR2200062535