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Background Bone fractures are a global public health issue and a major source of significant illness and financial hardship. However, to date, there is limited research on patella, tibia or fibula, or ankle fractures (FPTFA) disease burden. Methods Using the framework of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we conducted temporal trends of disease burden, effects of sex and socio-demographic index (SDI) on age standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-period-cohort model. Machine learning models were built to predict the ASPR of FPTFA in 2035. Results In 1990 and 2019, the top three of all fractures with the highest ASPR was FPTFA. Globally, in 2019, there were 13529.45 million (95%UI: 11811.02, 15642.25), 9198.67 million (95%UI: 8518.9, 10009.91) and 77.54 million (95%UI: 34.09, 149.9) prevalent cases of fracture attributable to fall, transport injury and mechanical external force, respectively. The number of fracture prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs), and ASPR were higher in males than in females. From 1990 to 2019, most of GBD regions showed a downward trend in average annual percent change (AAPC) of ASPR attributable to transport injuries, High-income Asia Pacific had the highest decline (AAPC= -1.81%, 95%CI: -1.89% to -1.74%). However, an upward trend in East Asia was observed (AAPC = 1.60%, 95%CI: 1.48-1.73%). With increasing SDI, the ASPR for FPTFA attributed to the fall and mechanical external force slowly increased and then turned downward, especially in high-income and high-SDI countries. The longitudinal age curve suggested that the attributed rate was increased for the three sites of lower limb fractures. The best predictive models for FPTFA caused by falls, transport injuries and mechanical external force were autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) (0,2,1), ARIMA (2,0,1) and ARIMA (0,2,2), with R 2 of 0.96, 0.78 and 0.94, respectively. By 2035, ASPR for the fall-related FPTFA will continue to rise rapidly, whereas the ASPR of the transport injury-related FPTFA will gradually decrease. Conclusion FPTFA attributed to the falls is the dominant type and the burden and trends of the fall-related FPTFA are substantial. Fall prevention and access to treatment are crucial for reducing FPTFA burden.

The construction of a predictive model that accurately reflects the spontaneous combustion temperature of coal in goaf is fundamental to monitoring and early warning systems for thermodynamic disasters, including coal spontaneous combustion and gas explosions. In this paper, on the basis of programming temperature experiment and industrial analysis, 381 data sets of 9 coal types are established, and feature selection was executed through the utilization of the Pearson correlation coefficient, ultimately identifying O 2 , CO, CO 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 8 , C 3 H 8 /CH 4 , C 2 H 4 /CH 4 , C 2 H 4 /C 3 H 8 , CO 2 /CO, and CO/O 2 as input indicators for the prediction model. The chosen indicator data were divided into training and testing sets in a 4:1 ratio, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) methodology was applied to optimize the parameters of the XGBoost regressor, and a universal PSO-XGBoost prediction model is proposed. A tenfold cross-validation method was employed to assess performance of PSO-XGBoost, PSO-RF, PSO-SVR, XGBoost, RF, and SVR models separately, the results underscored the superior predictive accuracy, robustness, fault tolerance, and universality of the PSO-XGBoost model.

Sustainable phosphorus (P) management is essential for ensuring crop production while avoiding environmental damage and the depletion of phosphate rock reserves. Despite local demonstration scale successes, the widespread mobilization of smallholder farmers to adopt sustainable management practices remains a challenge, primarily due to the associated high costs and complicated sampling. Here, we propose a dynamic optimization of soil P status (DOP) approach aimed at managing long-term soil P status within the range of agronomic and environmental soil P thresholds, which facilitates the precise determination of optimal P application rates without the need for frequent soil testing. We evaluate the DOP approach in 35,575 on-farm trials, and the results show that it is agronomically acceptable. Our evaluation extends to estimating future soil P status and P fertilizer inputs across all counties in China for three cereal crops (wheat, rice, and maize). The results indicate that, compared to current practices, the DOP approach can achieve a 47.4% reduction in P fertilizer use without any yield penalty. The DOP approach could become an effective tool for global P management to safeguard food security and enhance environmental sustainability. Sustainable phosphorus management is crucial for crop production and environmental protection, yet smallholder farmers face challenges in adopting efficient practices. The study shows that the Dynamic Optimization of Soil Phosphorus approach can reduce fertilizer use by 47.4% without impacting yields.

Mounting evidence has linked changes in human gut microbiota to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. Accordingly, multiple studies have analyzed the gut microbiomes of PPI users, but PPI–microbe interactions are still understudied. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of four studies with available 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data to uncover the potential changes in human gut microbes among PPI users. Despite some differences, we found common features of the PPI-specific microbiota, including a decrease in the Shannon diversity index and the depletion of bacteria from the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, which are crucial short-chain fatty acid-producers. Through training based on multiple studies, using a random forest classification model, we further verified the representativeness of the six screened gut microbial genera and 20 functional genes as PPI-related biomarkers, with AUC values of 0.748 and 0.879, respectively. Functional analysis of the PPI-associated 16S rRNA microbiome revealed enriched carbohydrate- and energy-associated genes, mostly encoding fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, among others. In this study, we have demonstrated alterations in bacterial abundance and functional metabolic potential related to PPI use, as a basis for future studies on PPI-induced adverse effects.

Background No previous prospective research has explored the association of the TyG (fasting triglyceride-glucose) index and TG/HDL-C ratio as insulin resistance markers with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the Northern Chinese population. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we included 93,659 cancer-free participants with the measurements of TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio. Participants were divided by the quartiles of the TyG index or TG/HDL-C ratio. The associations of TyG index, TG/HDL-C ratio, and their components with CRC risk were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results During a median follow-up of 13.02 years, 593 incident CRC cases were identified. Compared with the lowest quartile of the TyG index (Q1), the risk of CRC was higher in persons in the third (Q3) and highest quartiles (Q4) of the TyG index, with corresponding multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.36 (1.06, 1.76) and 1.50 (1.19, 1.91), respectively. The elevated risks of CRC incidence were observed in people in the second, third, and highest quartiles of the TG/HDL-C ratio groups, with corresponding multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.33 (1.05, 1.70), 1.36 (1.07, 1.73) and 1.37 (1.07, 1.75), respectively. Conclusions Elevated TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio were associated with a higher risk of developing CRC among adults in Northern China.

With the development of society and increasing changes in energy demands, safety issues concerning lithium-ion batteries in applications such as electric aircraft have garnered significant attention. To investigate the influence of aviation propulsion lithium-ion battery system design on safety performance, this research introduces the concept of the Thermal Runaway Explosion Index and applies it to the quantitative assessment of lithium-ion battery system safety design. Through experimental and theoretical analyses, utilizing self-built modules for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway, gas explosion characteristics testing, and thermal runaway containment testing, a quantitative assessment was conducted on the inherent safety, operational safety, and protective safety of the lithium-ion battery system. The results demonstrate that protective design plays a critical role in reducing the thermal runaway explosion index. Specifically, the protective effect achieved by applying a fireproof coating is superior to that obtained by increasing the thickness of the top plate. Moreover, the E85S15B3 coating exhibits the optimal performance in reducing both temperature and weight. Following correction with 1 mm thick E85S15B3 coating protection, the thermal runaway explosion index is 0.0942. Compared to the scenario without a protective top plate, the maximum temperature drops by 55.80%, and the weight of the battery top plate can be reduced by 36.59% under equivalent volume conditions. The conclusion of this research provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the hazard assessment and system safety design of aviation lithium-ion battery systems.

A smooth shaft production process is important to ensure the safe and efficient development of mineral resources. Due to the influence of ore rock and the mismatch between rock size and ore pass design, an arching phenomenon occurs frequently during actual ore pass release, stagnating production. Therefore, an ore pass release simulator with a freely variable ore pass angle and height is designed and used to conduct a four-factor, five-level orthogonal ore pass release experiment. An analysis is performed to determine the influence of four factors—ore particle size, ore moisture, ore pass inclination and slip height—on the probability of ore pass arching; from there, an ore pass arching probability equation is constructed and the characteristics of the ore pass arching location are clarified, effectively predicting the probability of ore pass arching and providing an effective basis for handling arching events within an applicable range. This analysis effectively predicts the probability of ore pass arch within the applicable range, and provides an effective basis for handling ore pass arch events.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in cancer progression. We found lncRNA DNM1P35 is elevated in ovarian tumors compared to normal tissues, and demonstrated that lncRNA DNM1P35 promoted cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion in SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 cell lines. Furthermore, lncRNA DNM1P35 also facilitated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistic studies identified microRNA-326 (miR-326) as a target of lncRNA DNM1P35. Overexpression of miR-326 diminished the tumor-promoting activity of lncRNA DNM1P35, resulting in reduction of Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) expression and EMT features. We further revealed that ZEB1, a master transcription factor for EMT that is negatively regulated by miR-326, was essential for lncRNA DNM1P35-mediated cancer cell progression and EMT. Loss of ZEB1 led to compromised pro-tumoral activity of lncRNA DNM1P35. In vivo studies using a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer revealed that tumors with higher levels of lncRNA DNM1P35 led to shorter survival, increased tumor burden, as well as elevated expression of proliferative marker Ki67 and EMT marker ZEB1. Our comprehensive study underscored the significance of lncRNA DNM1P35 in ovarian cancer progression, elucidating the underlying mechanism through miR-326/ZEB1 axis to promote ovarian cancer progression.

The reliable long-distance transmission of electromagnetic wave signals within goaf is fundamental for the implementation of wireless monitoring and early warning systems for goaf-related disasters. This paper establishes an experimental platform for electromagnetic wave signal transmission within goaf and develops a propagation model for electromagnetic waves in the porous media of goaf. The transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves at various frequencies within the porous media environment of goaf are investigated through experimental and numerical simulation approaches. The results indicate that the received signal intensity of electromagnetic waves across different frequency bands diminishes with increasing propagation distance in the lossy environment of the goaf. Initially, the decay follows a logarithmic pattern, whereas, at later stages, the attenuation exhibits a gradual and smooth decrease. As the frequency increases, the initial attenuation amplitude of electromagnetic wave intensity rises; however, subsequent attenuation is largely unaffected by frequency, with the later attenuation rate being proportional to porosity. Electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 700 MHz exhibit a low attenuation coefficient under both experimental and simulated conditions, demonstrating superior stability and reliability. This frequency significantly enhances the overall performance of the communication system and is suitable for use as the operational frequency band in wireless sensor networks.

China’s rapid increase in mass excreta and its environmental discharge have attracted substantial attention. However, cropland as a main destination of excreta utilization has not been extensively evaluated. Here, a national survey was used to assess the utilization of manure in croplands across China. The data included the inputs of manure nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) for cereals, fruits, vegetables, and other crops, along with the manure proportion of total N, P, and K inputs at the county level. The results showed that the manure N, P, and K inputs were 6.85, 2.14, and 4.65 million tons (Mt), respectively, constituting 19.0%, 25.5%, and 31.1% of the total N, P, and K, respectively. The spatial distribution of the manure proportion of total inputs was lower in Eastern China and higher in Western China. The results provide a detailed description of the utilization of manure nutrients in agricultural areas throughout China, which will serve as basic support for policymakers and researchers involved in future agricultural nutrient management in China.