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"Zhang, Shan"
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المساكن الشعبية الصينية
يتناول الكتاب تفاعل العادات المعيشية والسمات السلوكية ونماذج المساحات لهؤلاء الذين يعيشون في البيوت التقليدية واختيار مجموعة من المستوطنات الأكثر تمثيلا والتي تغطي مساحة كبيرة وقد تم تزيين تلك المساكن الشعبية الصينية بدقة مبتكرة أو ببساطة متزنة أو بكل راحة وهدوء لتصير جزءا من ذلك الجمال الطبيعي، وانتظار الخطوات التي يخطوها البشر بكل هدوء وتتمتع الصين بمساحات شاسعة وتاريخ عريق وسحر الطبيعة الخلابة والبيئة الثقافية المتعددة، وبالتالي فإن تنوع المساكن الشعبية الصينية أحد التحف النادرة في تاريخ العمارة العالمية.
BOOK
Catalpol ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in CUMS mice via oxidative stress-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome and neuroinflammation
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether catalpol exhibited neuroprotective effects in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice through oxidative stress-mediated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin-domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and neuroinflammation. Deficits in behavioral tests, including open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST), and elevated plus-maze test (EPM), were ameliorated following catalpol administration. To study the potential mechanism, western blots, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and immunofluorescence imaging were performed on the hippocampus samples. We found that the defects of behavioral tests induced by CUMS could be reversed by the absence of NLRP3 and NLRP3 inflammasome might be involved in the antidepressant effects of catalpol on CUMS mice. Similar to the NLRP3 inflammasome, the expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and inducible nitride oxide synthase (iNOS) were increased after CUMS. The current study demonstrated that catalpol possessed anti-inflammatory effect on CUMS mice and inhibited microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype. In addition, the activity of mitochondrial oxidative stress might be involved in the NLRP3 activation, which was proved by the downregulation of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and cleaved IL-1β, after the administration of mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant peptide SS31. Taken together, we provided evidence that catalpol exhibited antidepressive effects on CUMS mice possibly via the oxidative stress-mediated regulation of NLRP3 and neuroinflammation.
Journal Article
Long-term running exercise improves cognitive function and promotes microglial glucose metabolism and morphological plasticity in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice
Background
The role of physical exercise in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been widely studied. Microglia play an important role in AD. Triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is expressed on microglia and is known to mediate microglial metabolic activity and brain glucose metabolism. However, the relationship between brain glucose metabolism and microglial metabolic activity during running exercise in APP/PS1 mice remains unclear.
Methods
Ten-month-old male APP/PS1 mice and wild-type mice were randomly divided into sedentary groups or running groups (AD_Sed, WT_Sed, AD_Run and WT_Run,
n
= 20/group). Running mice had free access to a running wheel for 3 months. Behavioral tests, [18]F-FDG-PET and hippocampal RNA-Seq were performed. The expression levels of microglial glucose transporter (GLUT5), TREM2, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein (TYROBP), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (p-SYK) were estimated by western blot or ELISA. Immunohistochemistry, stereological methods and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the morphology, proliferation and activity of microglia.
Results
Long-term voluntary running significantly improved cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. Although there were few differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed enriched glycometabolic pathways in APP/PS1 running mice. Running exercise increased FDG uptake in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, as well as the protein expression of GLUT5, TREM2, SPP1 and p-SYK. The level of sTREM2 decreased in the plasma of APP/PS1 running mice. The number of microglia, the length and endpoints of microglial processes, and the ratio of GLUT5
+
/IBA1
+
microglia were increased in the dentate gyrus (DG) of APP/PS1 running mice. Running exercise did not alter the number of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU)
+
/IBA1
+
microglia but reduced the immunoactivity of CD68 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.
Conclusions
Running exercise inhibited TREM2 shedding and maintained TREM2 protein levels, which were accompanied by the promotion of brain glucose metabolism, microglial glucose metabolism and morphological plasticity in the hippocampus of AD mice. Microglia might be a structural target responsible for the benefits of running exercise in AD. Promoting microglial glucose metabolism and morphological plasticity modulated by TREM2 might be a novel strategy for AD treatment.
Journal Article
Revealing the chirality origin and homochirality crystallization of Ag14 nanocluster at the molecular level
Although chirality is an ever-present characteristic in biology and some artificial molecules, controlling the chirality and demystifying the chirality origin of complex assemblies remain challenging. Herein, we report two homochiral Ag
14
nanoclusters with inherent chirality originated from identical rotation of six square faces on a Ag
8
cube driven by intra-cluster π···π stacking interaction between pntp
−
(Hpntp =
p-
nitrothiophenol) ligands. The spontaneous resolution of the racemic (SD/
rac
-Ag14a) to homochiral nanoclusters (SD/
L
-Ag14 and SD/
R
-Ag14) can be realized by re-crystallizing SD/
rac
-Ag14a in acetonitrile, which promotes the homochiral crystallization in solid state by forming C–H···O/N hydrogen bonds with nitro oxygen atoms in pntp
−
or aromatic hydrogen atoms in dpph (dpph = 1,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)hexane) on Ag
14
nanocluster. This work not only provides strategic guidance for the syntheses of chiral silver nanoclusters in an all-achiral environment, but also deciphers the origin of chirality at molecular level by identifying the special effects of intra- and inter-cluster supramolecular interactions.
The preparation of chiral monolayer-protected metal clusters is interesting for their potential applications in a variety of fields, including catalysis. Here, the authors synthesize chiral Ag
14
nanoclusters in an all-achiral environment, and decipher the origin of chirality at the molecular level; the solvent choice is key to achieve homochiral crystallization.
Journal Article
Effectiveness of indoor residual spraying on malaria control: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background
Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is one of the key interventions recommended by World Health Organization in preventing malaria infection. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of global studies about the impact of IRS on malaria control.
Method
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus for relevant studies published from database establishment to 31 December 2021. Random-effects models were used to perform meta-analysis and subgroup analysis to pool the odds ratio (
OR
) and 95% confidence interval (
CI
). Meta-regression was used to investigate potential factors of heterogeneity across studies.
Results
Thirty-eight articles including 81 reports and 1,174,970 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. IRS was associated with lower rates of malaria infection (
OR
= 0.35, 95%
CI
: 0.27–0.44). The significantly higher effectiveness was observed in IRS coverage ≥ 80% than in IRS coverage < 80%. Pyrethroids was identified to show the greatest performance in malaria control. In addition, higher effectiveness was associated with a lower gross domestic product as well as a higher coverage of IRS and bed net utilization.
Conclusions
IRS could induce a positive effect on malaria infection globally. The high IRS coverage and the use of pyrethroids are key measures to reduce malaria infection. More efforts should focus on increasing IRS coverage, developing more effective new insecticides against malaria, and using multiple interventions comprehensively to achieve malaria control goals.
Journal Article
Recognition of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia among Myocoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in hospitalized children: development and validation of a predictive nomogram model
Backgroud
The current diagnostic criteria for refractory
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pneumonia (RMPP) among
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pneumonia (MPP) are insufficient for early identification, and potentially delayed appropriate treatment. This study aimed to develop an effective individualized diagnostic prediction nomogram for pediatric RMPP.
Methods
A total of 517 hospitalized children with MPP, including 131 with RMPP and 386 without RMPP (non-RMPP), treated at Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled as a development (modeling) cohort to construct an RMPP prediction nomogram. Additionally, 322 pediatric patients with MPP (64 with RMPP and 258 with non-RMPP, who were treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively enrolled as a validation cohort to assess the prediction accuracy of model. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify RMPP risk factors among patients with MPP. Nomogram were generated based on these risk factors using the rms package of R, and the predictive performance was evaluated based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and using decision curve analysis (DCA).
Results
Multivariate analysis revealed five significant independent predictors of RMPP among patients with MPP: age (hazard ratio [
HR
] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [
CI
] 1.08–1.33,
P
= 0.038), fever duration (
HR
1.34, 95%
CI
1.20–1.50,
P
< 0.001), lymphocyte count (
HR
0.45, 95%
CI
0.23–0.89,
P
= 0.021), serum D-dimer (D-d) level (
HR
1.70, 95%
CI
1.16–2.49,
P
= 0.006), and pulmonary imaging score (
HR
5.16, 95%
CI
2.38–11.21,
P
< 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 90.7% for the development cohort and 96.36% for the validation cohort. The internal and external verification calibration curves were almost linear with slopes of 1, and the DCA curve revealed a net benefit with the final predictive nomogram.
Conclusion
This study proposes a predictive nomogram only based on five variables. The nomogram can be used for early identification of RMPP among pediatric patients with MPP, thereby facilitating more timely and effective intervention.
Journal Article
Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Background
The pathogenesis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) remained unclear. We aimed to profile the metabolic alterations in urine of SFTS patients and provide new evidence for its pathogenesis.
Methods
A case–control study was conducted in the 154th hospital in China. Totally 88 cases and 22 controls aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled. The cases were selected from laboratory-confirmed SFTS patients. The controls were selected among SFTSV-negative population. Those with diabetes, cancer, hepatitis and other sexually transmitted diseases were excluded in both groups. Fatal cases and survival cases were 1:1 matched. Inter-group differential metabolites and pathways were obtained, and the inter-group discrimination ability was evaluated.
Results
Tryptophan metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism were the top one important metabolism pathway in differentiating the control and case groups, and the survival and fatal groups, respectively. The significant increase of differential metabolites in tryptophan metabolism, including 5-hydroxyindoleacetate (5-HIAA), L-kynurenine (KYN), 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), and the increase of phenylpyruvic acid and decrease of hippuric acid in phenylalanine metabolism indicated the potential metabolic alterations in SFTSV infection. The increase of 5-HIAA, KYN, 5-HTP, phenylpyruvic acid and hippuric acid were involved in the fatal progress of SFTS patients.
Conclusions
Tryptophan metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism might be involved in the pathogenesis of SFTSV infection. These findings provided new evidence for the pathogenesis and treatment of SFTS.
Journal Article
(S)-N-Benzyl-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoqunoline-2(1H)-carboxamide Derivatives, Multi-Target Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase and Cholinesterase: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity
A series of (S)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxamide derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and-B, acetylcholine esterase (AChE), and butyrylcholine esterase (BChE). Four compounds (2i, 2p, 2t, and 2v) showed good inhibitory activity against both MAO-A and MAO-B, and two compounds (2d and 2j) showed selective inhibitory activity against MAO-A, with IC50 values of 1.38 and 2.48 µM, respectively. None of the compounds showed inhibitory activity against AChE; however, 12 compounds showed inhibitory activity against BChE. None of the active compounds showed cytotoxicity against L929cells. Molecular docking revealed several important interactions between the active analogs and amino acid residues of the protein receptors. This research paves the way for further study aimed at designing MAO and ChE inhibitors for the treatment of depression and neurodegenerative disorders.
Journal Article
Multi-F-Structured MOF Materials Enhance Nanogenerator Output Performance for Corrosion Protection of Metallic Materials
MOF (metal organic framework) materials have been used as functional materials in a number of fields due to their diverse spatial tunability, which produces rich porous structures with stable and continuous pores and a high specific surface area. A triboelectric nanogenerator can convert trace mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the application of MOF materials to triboelectric nanogenerators has been intensively studied. In this work, we report on two MOFs with similar spatial structures, and the modulation of the end microstructures was achieved using the difference in F content. The output performance of friction power generation increases with the increase in F content, and the obtained polyacidic ligand materials can be used to construct self-powered corrosion protection systems, which can effectively protect metallic materials from corrosion.
Journal Article
Prevalence of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BackgroundFreezing of gait (FOG) is considered one of the most disturbing and least understood symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The reported prevalence rates of FOG in PD vary widely, ranging from 5 to 85.9%.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a reliable estimate of the average point prevalence of FOG in PD, and we further investigated the study characteristics that might have influenced the estimate.MethodsWe searched different databases to identify studies that report the prevalence of FOG in PD or include relevant raw data for further calculation. The last inclusion date was February 20, 2020. The modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool was used for the quality assessment, and articles that met the predefined criteria were included in the quantitative analysis.ResultsSixty-six studies were selected from 3392 references. A weighted prevalence of 50.6% in 9072 PD patients experienced FOG based on the special questionnaires (the FOG-Q and NFOG-Q), which was about twice as high as that assessed by the specific items of the clinical rating scales (UPDRS item2.14 and MDS-UPDRS item3.11) (23.2%) or simple clinical questions (25.4%). The weighted prevalence was 37.9% for early stage (≤ 5 years) and 64.6% for advanced stage (≥ 9 years). Moreover, a higher prevalence was calculated from the population-based studies than that in multicenter and single-center studies (47.3% vs. 33.5% and 37.1%, respectively).ConclusionThe result from this systematic review confirms that FOG is very common in PD and its prevalence is usually underestimated in hospital settings. Importantly, a more accurate assessment of FOG in future clinical researches would involve the use of special FOG scale rather than a single item on a scale or a general clinical inquiry.
Journal Article