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A bstract Coleman’s theorem states that continuous internal symmetries cannot be spontaneously broken in two-dimensional quantum field theories (QFTs). In this work we consider surface (i.e. two-dimensional) defects in d -dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) invariant under a continuous internal symmetry group G . We study under which conditions it is possible for a surface defect to break spontaneously a continuous internal symmetry. We find that spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is impossible under reasonable assumptions on the defect Renormalization Group (RG) flow. Counterexamples are possible only for exotic RG flows, that do not terminate at a fixed-point. We discuss an example of this kind. We also illustrate our no-go result with an effective field theory analysis of generic defect RG flows. We find a generic weakly coupled defect universality class (with no SSB), where correlation functions decay logarithmically. Our analysis generalizes the recent discovery by Metlitski of the extraordinary-log boundary universality class in the O ( N ) model.

Cancer remains the leading cause of death around the world. In cancer treatment, over 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy alone or in multimodal combinations with other therapies. One of the adverse consequences after radiation exposure is the occurrence of radiation-induced tissue fibrosis (RIF), which is characterized by the abnormal activation of myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. This phenotype can manifest in multiple organs, such as lung, skin, liver and kidney. In-depth studies on the mechanisms of radiation-induced fibrosis have shown that a variety of extracellular signals such as immune cells and abnormal release of cytokines, and intracellular signals such as cGAS/STING, oxidative stress response, metabolic reprogramming and proteasome pathway activation are involved in the activation of myofibroblasts. Tissue fibrosis is extremely harmful to patients' health and requires early diagnosis. In addition to traditional serum markers, histologic and imaging tests, the diagnostic potential of nuclear medicine techniques is emerging. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies are the traditional treatments for radiation-induced fibrosis. Recently, some promising therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as stem cell therapy and targeted therapies. However, incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms hinders the treatment of this disease. Here, we also highlight the potential mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic directions of radiation-induced fibrosis.

With the development of modern society, the real estate industry is closely related to people’s production and life, and it is an important industry related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. Local development not only needs the real estate to promote economic prosperity, but may also harm the development of the real economy, bringing potential financial risks. In order to alleviate the real estate problems and contradictions in the process of development, the Dongguan government has frequently introduced various relevant control policies, but the housing price rises too fast, the supply and demand imbalance in the real estate market, the supply structure imbalance and other problems are still serious. Practice shows that the real estate industry can develop more smoothly by combining the market’s selfregulation with the government’s macro-control. This paper introduces the real estate market and policy of Dongguan City. On this basis, combined with the relevant data of the real estate industry in Dongguan, the effect of the real estate policy was evaluated, and the advantages and shortcomings of the implementation of the real estate control policy in Dongguan were analyzed. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis methods, this paper further screens the primary indicators for the different impacts brought by the performance of the real estate regulation policies, and adopts the principal component analysis method to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the real estate regulation policies in Dongguan City during 2019-2021. Finally, this paper puts forward suggestions to improve the real estate regulation policies in Dongguan City.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeted therapies aimed at key oncogenic driver mutations in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as immunotherapy have benefited cancer patients considerably. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), a crucial tumor suppressor gene encoding p53, regulates numerous downstream genes and cellular phenotypes in response to various stressors. The affected genes are involved in diverse processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, metabolic homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, accumulating recent studies have continued to reveal novel and unexpected functions of p53 in governing the fate of tumors, for example, functions in ferroptosis, immunity, the tumor microenvironment and microbiome metabolism. Among the possibilities, the evolutionary plasticity of p53 is the most controversial, partially due to the dizzying array of biological functions that have been attributed to different regulatory mechanisms of p53 signaling. Nearly 40 years after its discovery, this key tumor suppressor remains somewhat enigmatic. The intricate and diverse functions of p53 in regulating cell fate during cancer treatment are only the tip of the iceberg with respect to its equally complicated structural biology, which has been painstakingly revealed. Additionally, TP53 mutation is one of the most significant genetic alterations in cancer, contributing to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor progression. Here, we summarized recent advances that implicate altered p53 in modulating the response to various cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, we also discussed potential strategies for targeting p53 as a therapeutic option for cancer.

For electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials, maximizing absorption at a specific frequency has been constantly achieved, but enhancing the absorption properties in the entire band remains a challenge. In this work, a 3D porous pyrolytic carbon (PyC) foam matrix was synthesized by a template method. Amorphous carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were then in-situ grown on the matrix surface to obtain ultralight CNTs/PyC foam. These in-situ grown amorphous CNTs were distributed uniformly and controlled by the catalytic growth time and can enhance the interface polarization and conduction loss of composites. When the electromagnetic wave enters the internal holes, the electromagnetic energy can be completely attenuated under the combined action of polarization, conductivity loss, and multiple reflections. The ultralight CNTs/PyC foam had a density of 22.0 mg·cm −3 and a reflection coefficient lower than −13.3 dB in the whole X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz), which is better than the conventional standard of effective absorption bandwidth (≤−10 dB). The results provide ideas for researching ultralight and strong electromagnetic wave absorbing materials in the X-band.

Children of parents who were overweight/obese prior to pregnancy face a variety of neurodevelopmental challenges. The goal of this meta-analysis is to compile evidence about the impact of parental overweight/obesity on their children's mental health. The databases Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched until May 2022. The pooled effect size was calculated using the fixed and random effect models. We also performed I2 index, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, quality assessment, and publication bias analysis. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42022334408). For maternal exposure (35 studies), both maternal overweight [OR 1.14 (95% CI 1.10,1.18)] and maternal obesity [OR 1.39 (95% CI (1.33, 1.45)] were significantly associated with offspring's mental disorders. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity increased the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [OR 1.55 (95% CI 1.42,1.70)], autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.22,1.55)], cognitive/intellectual delay [OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.21,1.63)], behavioral problems [OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.35,1.66)] and other mental diseases [OR 1.30 (95% CI 1.23,1.37)]. For paternal exposure (6 studies), paternal obesity [OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.06, 1.30)] but not overweight [OR 1.03 (95% CI 0.95,1.11)] was significantly associated with offspring's mental disorders. Parental overweight/obesity might have negative consequences on offspring's mental health and pre-pregnancy weight control is advised.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a superfamily of transcription factors that are involved in various pathophysiological processes. The human genome contains 48 types of nuclear receptors, including steroid hormone receptors (e.g., estrogen receptor [ER] and vitamin D receptor [VDR]), nonsteroid hormone receptors (e.g. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR] and retinoic acid receptor [RAR]), and orphan nuclear receptors (e.g. neuron‐derived clone 77 [Nur77] and testicular nuclear receptor 4 [TR4]) and certain nuclear receptors are specifically overexpressed in tumor cells or surrounding normal tissues. Radiotherapy is one of the main methods of tumor treatment, but radioresistance in tumors and radiotoxicity to normal tissues strongly affect radiotherapy efficacy. Accumulating evidence has indicated the critical role of nuclear receptor modulators (including agonists and antagonists) as promising radiosensitizers in radiotherapy through various mechanisms. In addition, several nuclear receptors and their agonists alleviate normal tissue toxicity during radiotherapy. Thus, nuclear receptors serve as novel targets for tumor radiosensitization and for protecting of normal tissues from radiation damage. This review summarizes the research progress of nuclear receptors and highlights a promising synergistic strategy in radiotherapy.

Optical fiber sensors are newly established gas pipeline leakage monitoring technologies with advantages, including high detection sensitivity to weak leaks and suitability for harsh environments. This work presents a systematic numerical study on the multi-physics propagation and coupling process of the leakage-included stress wave to the fiber under test (FUT) through the soil layer. The results indicate that the transmitted pressure amplitude (hence the axial stress acted on FUT) and the frequency response of the transient strain signal strongly depends on the types of soil. Furthermore, it is found that soil with a higher viscous resistance is more favorable to the propagation of spherical stress waves, allowing FUT to be installed at a longer distance from the pipeline, given the sensor detection limit. By setting the detection limit of the distributed acoustic sensor to 1 nε, the feasible range between FUT and the pipeline for clay, loamy soil and silty sand is numerically determined. The gas-leakage-included temperature variation by the Joule-Thomson effect is also analyzed. Results provide a quantitative criterion on the installation condition of distributed fiber sensors buried in soil for the great-demanding gas pipeline leakage monitoring applications.

Colloidal CsPbX3 (X = Br, Cl, and I) perovskite nanocrystals exhibit tunable bandgaps over the entire visible spectrum and high photoluminescence quantum yields in the green and red regions. However, the lack of highly efficient blue‐emitting perovskite nanocrystals limits their development for optoelectronic applications. Herein, neodymium (III) (Nd3+) doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are prepared through the ligand‐assisted reprecipitation method at room temperature with tunable photoemission from green to deep blue. A blue‐emitting nanocrystal with a central wavelength at 459 nm, an exceptionally high photoluminescence quantum yield of 90%, and a spectral width of 19 nm is achieved. First principles calculations reveal that the increase in photoluminescence quantum yield upon doping is driven by an enhancement of the exciton binding energy due to increased electron and hole effective masses and an increase in oscillator strength due to shortening of the PbBr bond. Putting these results together, an all‐perovskite white light‐emitting diode is successfully fabricated, demonstrating that B‐site composition engineering is a reliable strategy to further exploit the perovskite family for wider optoelectronic applications. Narrowband blue‐emitting CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 90% are achieved by B‐site doping of neodymium ions. The doping concentration can tune the emission spectrum in a controlled manner. First principles calculations reveal that dopant‐induced electronic changes dominate the bandgap tunability and the high quantum yield is associated with enhanced exciton binding energy and oscillator strength.

Recent extremely heavy precipitation has led to substantial economic losses and affected millions of residences in the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin (LMRB). This study analyzed the spatial‐temporal characteristics of the annual maximum precipitation (R1X) of the LMRB and identified the moisture sources and pathways conducive to R1Xs using a Lagrangian back trajectory model. Results show that India Ocean and Bay of Bengal (IO/BOB), local evapotranspiration, and West Pacific Ocean and East China (WP/EC) are the three main moisture transport pathways of the R1Xs in LMRB, contributing 68.3%, 20.4% and 11.3% of the trajectories, respectively. R1Xs in the downstream eastern area are affected by tropical cyclones bringing large amounts of moisture from the WP/EC. As tropical cyclones shifted northward under climate change impact, more extreme precipitation occurred over the LMRB due to moisture coming from WP/EC, but those from the IO/BOB had decreased because of the slowdown of flows across the Equator. Plain Language Summary Recent extremely heavy precipitation has led to more frequent floods, storm surges, and other natural hazards in the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin, resulting in substantial economic losses and affecting millions of residences. This study used annual maximum precipitation to represent the extreme precipitation and analyzed its spatial‐temporal characteristics and the moisture sources and pathways. Results show that the extreme precipitation of the upstream region mainly occurred in July, while that of the downstream region mainly occurred in August‐September. The moisture pathways of the historical extreme precipitation were identified using a physical‐based model, and are classified into three clusters using a machine‐learning model. West Pacific Ocean and East China, local evapotranspiration, and Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal (IO/BOB) are the three moisture transport pathways with contributions of 68.3%, 20.4%, and 11.3% to the total pathways. The tropical cyclones bring large amounts of moisture and mainly affect R1Xs in the downstream eastern area. Tropical cyclones shifted northward under climate change impact, and more extreme precipitation occurred over the LMRB due to moisture coming from the West Pacific Ocean and East China, but those from the IO and BOB had decreased because of the slowdown of flows across the Equator. Key Points The timing of the annual maximum precipitation of the Lancang‐Mekong River Basin (LMRB) varies from July to September The extreme precipitation of the LMRB mainly received moisture from the Indian Ocean to the West Pacific Ocean Tropical cyclones will bring more extreme precipitation to the LMRB under climate change