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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a serious pre-vascular inflammatory phase, followed by significant increase in vessel growth. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a novel therapeutic strategy against RA. The Chinese herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii, Hook. f. (TwHf) has been reported to be therapeutically efficacious in the treatment of RA. Recent studies have revealed that treatment with TwHf extracts inhibit angiogenesis of RA, thereby elaborately attenuation RA symptom. This review mainly addresses the anti-angiogenesis effect of TwHf in treatment of RA.

Soil warming due to climate change has a significant potential impact on crop yield and quality. Schisandra chinensis (Trucz.) Baill, a multipurpose plant disseminated in the highly climate-sensitive region of Northeast Asia, is affected by soil warming, which limits the supply and quality of raw materials. This study investigated the differential responses of biomass accumulation and bioactive ingredient production across various organs to root-zone temperature (RZT) variations, employing both physiological assessments and metabolomic profiling. Elevated root temperatures may increase plant biomass and indirectly increase photosynthetic rates by promoting root growth; however, biomass responses differ among organs. A 20 °C root temperature promoted stem and leaf growth and inhibited root development, whereas a 30 °C root temperature significantly promoted root growth but reduced leaf biomass. Schisanhenol A, a key bioactive lignan serving as a quality marker for S. chinensis, displayed synthesis dependent on temperature. Concurrently, flavonoid biosynthesis is coordinated accumulation at the naringenin nodal point. A 15 °C RZT inhibited lignan production in roots while triggering stress-responsive phenol accumulation in leaves (41.39%). Conversely, at 20 °C and 30 °C RZTs, schisanhenol synthesis was repressed in leaves but accumulated in roots (9.8–25.71%). It is worth noting that the increase in RZT significantly promoted the synthesis and accumulation of schisandrol A in the aboveground part of the plant (43.88%). This research underscores that a suitable elevation in root-zone temperature can augment the medicinal attributes of the aerial components of S. chinensis.

Because of the high heterogeneity and low incidence of rare mutations in EGFR, it has been difficult to evaluate the efficacy of EGFR‐TKIs in the treatment of NSCLC with rare EGFR mutations. The results indicated that osimertinib had a response rate comparable to other EGFR‐TKIs in patients with Gly719Xaa or Leu861Gln mutations. [...]in patients with Ser768Ile mutations, the response rate of osimertinib was better than the first‐generation EGFR‐TKIs. [...]there were some accompanying limitations of this study that are worth mentioning: (i) Instead of whole‐genome sequencing, the authors used a low sensitivity and small sequencing coverage method (PCR combined with direct sequencing) to detect EGFR mutations. [...]there are certain limitations in detecting EFGR mutations; (ii) in addition to patients receiving first‐line osimertinib therapy, this study also included patients receiving second‐ and third‐line osimertinib therapy.

Hypermethylation of CpG islands in tumor suppressor gene plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Many studies have demonstrated that hypermethylation in promoter region of RARβ gene could be found with high prevalence in tumor tissue and autologous controls such as corresponding non-tumor lung tissue, sputum and plasma of the NSCLC patients. But with the small number subjects included in the individual studie, the statistical power is limited. Accordingly, we performed this meta-analysis to further asses the relationship of methylation prevalence between the cancer tissue and atuologous controls (corresponding non-tumor lung tissue, sputum and plasma). The published articles about RARβ gene promoter hypermethyltion were identified using a systematic search strategy in PubMed, EMBASE and CNKI databases. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of RARβ promoter methylation in lung cancer tissue versus autologous controls were calculated. Finally, eleven articles, including 1347 tumor tissue samples and 1137 autologous controls were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio of RARβ promoter methylation in cancer tissue was 3.60 (95%CI: 2.46-5.27) compared to autologous controls with random-effect model. Strong and significant correlation between tumor tissue and autologous controls of RARβ gene promoter hypermethylation prevalence across studies (Correlation coefficient 0.53) was found. RARβ promoter methylation may play an important role in carcinogenesis of the NSCLC. With significant methylation prevalence correlation between tumor tissue and autologous of this gene, methylation detection may be a potential method for searching biomarker for NSCLC.

Background We investigated the relationship between small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) and messenger (m)RNA expression profiles. Methods Utilizing the differentially expressed mRNAs and the targeting miRNAs, the mRNA‐miRNA network for the two cancers was constructed. By integrating the miRNA expression profile, drug, and drug targets, miRNA‐drug target‐drug networks were established and the mechanisms in drug therapy efficacy were compared between SCLC and NSCLC. Results Drug targets of different expressed miRNAs of SCLC are mainly located in the organelle, act in the electron carrier activity, and consist of the synapse; while drug targets of NSCLC are the membrane‐enclosed lumen, mainly distributed in the extracellular region and synapse, and function in the binding. Drug targets of miRNA expressed commonly in the two cancers are involved in the reproduction multi‐organism process. In SCLC, the miR‐16 in the miRNA‐drug target‐drug network is significant and follows the result of the mRNA‐miRNA network. The pigmentation and rhythmic process of SCLC is different from NSCLC, while the process of cellular component biogenesis and cellular component organization are important for the occurrence of NSCLC. miR‐16 in the miRNA‐mRNA‐drug network of SCLC is significant and we acquired 11 potential drugs, such as dexamethasone and budesonide. The miR‐124 for NSCLC is important in the network and 17 potential drugs were screened, including dexamethasone and budesonide. Conclusions These findings suggest that miR‐16 and miR‐124 might be novel diagnostic and prognostics markers for SCLC and NSCLC, respectively.

Recent studies have found that triterpene acid type compounds has many effects including antiinflammatory, regulating blood sugar level, antiviral and antitumor activity. More importantly, triterpene acid type compounds has become one of the most popular topics recently because its selective toxic effects on cancer cells and harmless to normal cells at the same time. This review summarized the antitumor activity and the mechanism of triterpene acid type compounds, providing guideline for further research and development of new antitumor natural products.

Tumor incidence has become higher and higher in recent years, and it has also become the first killer jeopardizing human health. Tumor metastasis is the major barrier for tumor treatment. Some metastases occur in 5 or 10 years and some even in 20 years after tumor is controlled, but the metastases are impossible to defend effectively till now. Therefore, controlling tumor metastasis is critical in determining tumor patients' outcomes. In consideration of the limitations, toxicity and side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs for antitumor metastasis at present stage, seeking for drugs among traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) that share high safety and can effectively prevent and control metastasis is being paid more and more attention. This article is to expound the mechanisms of tumor metastasis and summarize the researches on antitumor metastasis with TCM.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of cancer in humans, and is characterized by rapid growth, migration, invasion and reoccurrence. Evidence has indicated that the protein and mRNA levels of serine-arginine protein kinase-1 (SRPK-1) are upregulated in NSCLC tissues. However, the functions of SRPK1 and targeted therapy for SRPK1 in the progression and treatment of NSCLC remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the mRNA and protein expression levels of SRPK-1 in NSCLC cells and tissues were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and SDS-PAGE, and the role of SRPK1 in the progression of NSCLC was investigated. In addition, a chimeric antibody target for SRPK-1 (ChanSRPK-1) was constructed, and the therapeutic effects of ChanSRPK-1 were investigated in H358-bearing mice. The curative effects of ChanSRPK-1 on the inhibition of growth, migration and invasion of NSCLC were also examined in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that the mRNA and protein levels of SRPK-1 were upregulated in NSCLC cells and tumor tissues. Higher expression of SRPK1 promoted NSCLC cell growth, migration and invasion, whereas lower expression of SRPK-1 suppressed growth, migration and invasion of the NSCLC cells. Animal experiments demonstrated that ChanSRPK-1 inhibited the β-catenin/T-cell factor complex. ChanSRPK-1 treatment also downregulated the phosphorylation levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3-β and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, SRPK-1 may offer potential as a therapeutic target oncogenic molecular in NSCLC, and ChanSRPK-1 may be a therapeutic agent with functions as a target and for oncolytic therapy in the treatment of NSCLC.

Lung cancer is one of the most deadly diseases worldwide. The current first-line therapies include chemotherapy using epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and radiotherapies. With the current progress in identifying new molecular targets, acquired drug resistance stands as an obstacle for good prognosis. About half the patients receiving epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatments develop resistance. Although extensive studies have been applied to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, evidence is far from enough to establish a well-defined picture to correct resistance. In the review, we will discuss four different currently developed strategies that have the potential to overcome drug resistance in lung cancer therapies and facilitate prolonged anticancer effects of the first-line therapies.