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Noncompliance with social distancing during the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a great challenge to the public health system. These noncompliance behaviors partly reflect people’s concerns for the inherent costs of social distancing while discounting its public health benefits. We propose that this oversight may be associated with the limitation in one’s mental capacity to simultaneously retain multiple pieces of information in working memory (WM) for rational decision making that leads to social-distancing compliance. We tested this hypothesis in 850 United States residents during the first 2 wk following the presidential declaration of national emergency because of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that participants’ social-distancing compliance at this initial stage could be predicted by individual differences in WM capacity, partly due to increased awareness of benefits over costs of social distancing among higher WM capacity individuals. Critically, the unique contribution of WM capacity to the individual differences in social-distancing compliance could not be explained by other psychological and socioeconomic factors (e.g., moods, personality, education, and income levels). Furthermore, the critical role of WM capacity in socialdistancing compliance can be generalized to the compliance with another set of rules for social interactions, namely the fairness norm, in Western cultures. Collectively, our data reveal contributions of a core cognitive process underlying social-distancing compliance during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting a potential cognitive venue for developing strategies to mitigate a public health crisis.

With the development of modern industry, manipulator gradually replaces manual operation. In the process of grasping, moving and placing the workpiece, the manipulator needs to have high accuracy, and the movement track cannot be changed due to the force deformation. Rigidity refers to the deformation, that is, the main stressed parts of the manipulator should have good rigidity, and the deformation should be as small as possible to ensure the accuracy of the motion track. In this paper, the main arm and the auxiliary arm of the manipulator are analyzed by finite element statics. The results show that the displacement and the equivalent stress meet the requirements.

Objective This study aims to assess the transformative potential of Virtual Reality (VR) has shown significant potential in transforming nursing education by providing immersive and interactive learning experiences. Our objective is to systematically evaluate and conduct a meta-analysizes on the impact effect of virtual reality technology in teaching nursing students. Methods To achieve this, we conducted comprehensive computer searches on platforms including of PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Zhiwang database, Wanfang database, and China Biomedical Literature Service (SinoMed), were conducted to collect randomized controlled trial studies on the use of virtual reality’s technology for teaching nursing students built up to until March 2023., and the Cochrane Furthermore, the quality of the included literature was assessed evaluated using the quality evaluation criteria specified for randomized controlled trial studies within the Cochrane provided in the evaluation handbook manual. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results The aggregate outcomes from a total of 12 randomized controlled trials, encompassing including 1167 students, indicate were included. Meta-analysis results showed that virtual reality technology significantly enhances could better improve nursing students’’ theoretical knowledge [(SMD = 0.97, 95% CI [0.48, 1.46], p < 0.001)], practical skills (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI [0.33, 1.46], p < 0.001), skill retention, (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI [0.33, 0.71], p < 0.001), and satisfaction levels (SMD = 1.14, 95% CI [0.85, 1.43], p < 0.001), in comparison with traditional or alternative teaching methodologies. However, no statistically significant impact was observed on the enhancement of critical thinking skills (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI [-0.05, 1.64], p = 0.07) among nursing students. Conclusion Our findings underscore that compared to conventional teaching methods, virtual reality offers superior potential in advancing nursing students’ theoretical knowledge, practice proficiencies, and overall satisfaction, while not yielding a significant advantage in enhancing critical thinking skills. The incorporated literature consisted exclusively of randomized controlled trials, albeit a subset of these studies omitted descriptions of the allocation concealment strategy.

As the Internet retail industry continues to rise, more and more consumers choose to shop online, especially Chinese consumers. Using consumer behavior data left on the Internet to predict repurchase behavior is of great significance for companies to achieve precision marketing. This paper proposes an improved deep forest model, and the interactive behavior characteristics of users and goods are added into the original feature model to predict the repurchase behavior of e-commerce consumers. Based on the Alibaba mobile e-commerce platform data set, first construct a feature engineering that includes user characteristics, product characteristics, and interactive behavior characteristics. And then use our proposed model to make predictions. Experiments show that the model’s overall performance with increased interactive behavior features is better and has higher accuracy. Compared with the existing prediction models, the improved deep forest model has certain advantages, which not only improves the prediction accuracy but also reduces the cost of training time.

Long-term memory (LTM) can influence many aspects of short-term memory (STM), including increased STM span. However, it is unclear whether LTM enhances the quantitative or qualitative aspect of STM. That is, do we retain a larger number of representations or more precise representations in STM for familiar stimuli than unfamiliar stimuli? This study took advantage of participants’ prior rich multimedia experience with Pokémon, without investing on laboratory training to examine how prior LTM influenced visual STM. In a Pokémon visual STM change detection task, participants remembered more first-generation Pokémon characters that they were more familiar with than recent-generation Pokémon characters that they were less familiar with. No significant difference in memory quality was found when quantitative and qualitative effects of LTM were isolated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Critically, these effects were absent in participants who were unfamiliar with first-generation Pokémon. Furthermore, several alternative interpretations were ruled out, including general video-gaming experience, subjective Pokémon preference, and verbal encoding. Together, these results demonstrated a strong link between prior stimulus familiarity in LTM and visual STM storage capacity.

How working memory works As well as holding a vast store of long-term memories, the human brain creates short-term memories that last only a few seconds and are essential for performing tasks such as adding two numbers or comparing the attractiveness of two faces. We know that only a limited amount of information can be stored in short-term memory, but whether we store high-quality representations of a small number of items, or a potentially infinite number of 'low resolution' items is the subject of much debate. A new study of visual working memory resolves the matter in favour of the 'high resolution' option: short-term information storage does not discard quality in favour of quantity, but stores a relatively small number of objects, as discrete fixed-resolution representations. Only a limited amount of information can be stored in short-term memory, but it is unclear whether we store high-quality representations of a small number of items or a larger number of items whose representation is of lower quality. Visual working memory is studied, particularly both the number of representations and the resolution of each representation, with the results favouring the idea that we store a smaller number of objects, with relatively discrete, fixed-resolution representations. Limits on the storage capacity of working memory significantly affect cognitive abilities in a wide range of domains 1 , but the nature of these capacity limits has been elusive 2 . Some researchers have proposed that working memory stores a limited set of discrete, fixed-resolution representations 3 , whereas others have proposed that working memory consists of a pool of resources that can be allocated flexibly to provide either a small number of high-resolution representations or a large number of low-resolution representations 4 . Here we resolve this controversy by providing independent measures of capacity and resolution. We show that, when presented with more than a few simple objects, human observers store a high-resolution representation of a subset of the objects and retain no information about the others. Memory resolution varied over a narrow range that cannot be explained in terms of a general resource pool but can be well explained by a small set of discrete, fixed-resolution representations.

Because of their small size, the recently developed CRISPR-Cas12f nucleases can be effectively packaged into adeno-associated viruses for gene therapy. However, a systematic evaluation of the editing outcomes of CRISPR-Cas12f is lacking. In this study, we apply a high-throughput sequencing method to comprehensively assess the editing efficiency, specificity, and safety of four Cas12f proteins in parallel with that of Cas9 and two Cas12a proteins at multiple genomic sites. Cas12f nucleases achieve robust cleavage at most of the tested sites and mainly produce deletional fragments. In contrast, Cas9 and Cas12a show relatively higher editing efficiency at the vast majority of the tested sites. However, the off-target hotspots identified in the Cas9- and Cas12a-edited cells are negligibly detected in the Cas12f-edited cells. Moreover, compared to Cas9 and Cas12a nucleases, Cas12f nucleases reduce the levels of chromosomal translocations, large deletions, and integrated vectors by 2- to 3-fold. Therefore, our findings confirm the editing capacity of Cas12f and reveal the ability of this nuclease family to preserve genome integrity during genome editing. CRISPR-Cas12f nucleases can be effectively packaged into AAVs for gene therapy, but a systematic evaluation of editing outcomes is lacking. Here the authors perform a comprehensive assessment of 4 Cas12f proteins and compare to Cas9 and two Cas12a proteins at a number of sites.

Background Public health emergencies are characterized by uncertainty, rapid transmission, a large number of cases, a high rate of critical illness, and a high case fatality rate. The intensive care unit (ICU) is the “last line of defense” for saving lives. And ICU resources play a critical role in the treatment of critical illness and combating public health emergencies. Objective This study estimates the demand for ICU healthcare resources based on an accurate prediction of the surge in the number of critically ill patients in the short term. The aim is to provide hospitals with a basis for scientific decision-making, to improve rescue efficiency, and to avoid excessive costs due to overly large resource reserves. Methods A demand forecasting method for ICU healthcare resources is proposed based on the number of current confirmed cases. The number of current confirmed cases is estimated using a bilateral long-short-term memory and genetic algorithm support vector regression (BILSTM-GASVR) combined prediction model. Based on this, this paper constructs demand forecasting models for ICU healthcare workers and healthcare material resources to more accurately understand the patterns of changes in the demand for ICU healthcare resources and more precisely meet the treatment needs of critically ill patients. Results Data on the number of COVID-19-infected cases in Shanghai between January 20, 2020, and September 24, 2022, is used to perform a numerical example analysis. Compared to individual prediction models (GASVR, LSTM, BILSTM and Informer), the combined prediction model BILSTM-GASVR produced results that are closer to the real values. The demand forecasting results for ICU healthcare resources showed that the first (ICU human resources) and third (medical equipment resources) categories did not require replenishment during the early stages but experienced a lag in replenishment when shortages occurred during the peak period. The second category (drug resources) is consumed rapidly in the early stages and required earlier replenishment, but replenishment is timelier compared to the first and third categories. However, replenishment is needed throughout the course of the epidemic. Conclusion The first category of resources (human resources) requires long-term planning and the deployment of emergency expansion measures. The second category of resources (drugs) is suitable for the combination of dynamic physical reserves in healthcare institutions with the production capacity reserves of corporations. The third category of resources (medical equipment) is more dependent on the physical reserves in healthcare institutions, but care must be taken to strike a balance between normalcy and emergencies.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are distinguished from other organic polymers by their crystallinity 1 – 3 , but it remains challenging to obtain robust, highly crystalline COFs because the framework-forming reactions are poorly reversible 4 , 5 . More reversible chemistry can improve crystallinity 6 – 9 , but this typically yields COFs with poor physicochemical stability and limited application scope 5 . Here we report a general and scalable protocol to prepare robust, highly crystalline imine COFs, based on an unexpected framework reconstruction. In contrast to standard approaches in which monomers are initially randomly aligned, our method involves the pre-organization of monomers using a reversible and removable covalent tether, followed by confined polymerization. This reconstruction route produces reconstructed COFs with greatly enhanced crystallinity and much higher porosity by means of a simple vacuum-free synthetic procedure. The increased crystallinity in the reconstructed COFs improves charge carrier transport, leading to sacrificial photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates of up to 27.98 mmol h −1  g −1 . This nanoconfinement-assisted reconstruction strategy is a step towards programming function in organic materials through atomistic structural control. A protocol in which monomers are pre-organized using a reversible and removable urea linkage enables the production of covalent organic frameworks with higher crystallinity and porosity than those produced using standard approaches with randomly aligned monomers.