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Implant-associated infections due to the formation of bacterial biofilms pose a serious threat in medical healthcare, which needs effective therapeutic methods. Here, we propose a multifunctional nanoreactor by spatiotemporal ultrasound-driven tandem catalysis to amplify the efficacy of sonodynamic and chemodynamic therapy. By combining piezoelectric barium titanate with polydopamine and copper, the ultrasound-activated piezo-hot carriers transfer easily to copper by polydopamine. It boosts reactive oxygen species production by piezoelectrics, and facilitates the interconversion between Cu2 + and Cu + to promote hydroxyl radical generation via Cu +  -catalyzed chemodynamic reactions. Finally, the elevated reactive oxygen species cause bacterial membrane structure loosening and DNA damage. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis reveal that intracellular copper overload restricts the tricarboxylic acid cycle, promoting bacterial cuproptosis-like death. Therefore, the polyetherketoneketone scaffold engineered with the designed nanoreactor shows excellent antibacterial performance with ultrasound stimulation and promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis on-demand in vivo. Implantation-associated infections often lead to infections. Here, the authors propose a piezo-based nanoreactor to achieve US-excited tandem catalysis, endowing the polyetherketoneketone bone scaffold with on-demand antibacterial and osteogenic capacities.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality that depends on the interaction of light, photosensitizers, and oxygen. The photon absorption and energy transfer process can lead to the Type II photochemical reaction of the photosensitizer and the production of singlet oxygen (1O2), which strongly oxidizes and reacts with biomolecules, ultimately causing oxidative damage to the target cells. Therefore, 1O2 is regarded as the key photocytotoxic species accountable for the initial photodynamic reactions for Type II photosensitizers. This article will provide a comprehensive review of 1O2 properties, 1O2 production, and 1O2 detection in the PDT process. The available 1O2 data of regulatory-approved photosensitizing drugs will also be discussed.

In this work, we present a novel online acoustic sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) monitoring system utilizing a miniaturized lithium niobate tuning fork (LNTF) sensor. The proposed system demonstrates enhanced stability and a broadband vibration–frequency response. The LNTF exhibits a fundamental resonance frequency of 32,901 Hz, and its quality factor (Q-factor) decreases from 19,700 to 18,300 as the SF6 concentration increases at atmospheric pressure. Verification experiments at room temperature reveal a quantifiable correlation between the SF6/N2 mixture concentration ratio and the sensor’s mechanical impedance. Specifically, an impedance shift of 100 Ω corresponds to a concentration change of 0.0145 g/L. In air, with a signal integration time of 80 s, the measured noise voltage and current are 0.13 µV and 0.18 pA, respectively. These results underscore the potential of the LNTF as a compact, high-stability sensing platform for greenhouse gas monitoring in electrical infrastructure and industrial environments.

We present a high-brightness, nanosecond pulsed blue laser source at 476.8 nm through efficient quadruple-harmonic generation from a thulium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Tm:YLF) master oscillator power amplifier operating at 1.9 μm. The fundamental-frequency stage produces 42 mJ pulses at 1907.3 nm with a narrow linewidth of 0.19 nm at 1 kHz. Through cascade second-harmonic generation using low-walk-off lithium triborate crystals, we achieve 10.52 mJ blue laser pulses with 16.1 ns duration, corresponding to a peak power of 0.65 MW and exhibiting excellent energy stability of 0.47%. The system maintains exceptional beam quality (M 2 x = 1.46, M 2 y = 1.27) at maximum output power, attributed to the negative thermal-optical properties of the Tm:YLF crystal, end-pumped amplification architecture and optimized nonlinear conversion. This work demonstrates a compact and efficient route to high-brightness (~2.49 GW·cm–2·sr–1) pulsed blue laser emission, which is particularly suitable for advanced marine scientific applications including underwater LiDAR and communication systems.

Gallium (Ga) exhibits remarkable potential in flexible electronics, chemistry, and biomedicine due to its exceptional physical properties. The phase transition and supercooling characteristics of Ga have led to the emergence of numerous valuable applications. In this paper, we capitalize on this foundation by utilizing optofluidic microcavities supporting both high quality factor optical and optomechanical modes to investigate the phase transformation process and supercooling properties of Ga. Our study provides comprehensive insights into the dynamic behavior of Ga during the complete phase transition, such as measuring a hysteresis loop between the solid-to-liquid and liquid-to-solid transitions, revealing nonreciprocal resonance wavelength shift, and identifying a unique metastability state of Ga during melting. The linear thermal expansion coefficients of Ga were precisely measured to be 0.41  ×  10 −5  K −1 and −0.75  ×  10 −5  K −1 for solid and liquid Ga, respectively. Our research provides a comprehensive and versatile monitoring platform for newly fabricated liquid metal alloys, offering multidimensional insights into their phase transition behavior.

Pyroelectric catalysis has shown promising prospects for sustainable energy generation and medical treatments. However, its potential is limited by intrinsically low pyroelectric coefficients and insufficient interfacial reactivity, resulting in poor reactive oxygen species (ROS) output. In this study, we design Ba(Ti0.85Zr0.15)O3 (BTZ) nanocatalysts, featuring enhanced polarization tunability and oxygen‐vacancy‐rich interfaces, for efficient NIR‐II‐driven photo‐pyroelectric cancer therapy. Molecular dynamics and phase‐field simulations indicate that Zr incorporation maintains strong polarization while facilitating rapid polarization switching via multiscale nanodomain formation. This results in an ultrahigh pyroelectric coefficient (3505 µC m−2 K−1), representing a 678% enhancement over pristine BaTiO3. Interface engineering introduces oxygen vacancies that enhance NIR‐II photothermal conversion and serve as reactive sites to facilitate the dissociation of water molecules. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Zr doping narrows the bandgap and redistributes conduction band electrons, while interfacial oxygen vacancies facilitate water adsorption through optimized hydroxyl binding. As a result, synergistic pyrocatalysis and peroxidase‐like activity under NIR‐II‐driven mild thermal cycling enable robust multipath ROS generation. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm efficient tumor cell ablation via NIR‐II induced pyroelectric therapy. This work presents a co‐engineering strategy integrating polarization and interface design to overcome long‐standing limitations in pyroelectric catalysis, advancing its application in precision oncology. This study reports Ba(Ti0.85Zr0.15)O3 nanocatalysts with enhanced polarization and oxygen‐vacancy‐rich interfaces for efficient NIR‐II photo‐pyroelectric therapy. Zr doping boosts the pyroelectric coefficient and accelerates polarization switching, while oxygen vacancies improve photothermal conversion and surface reactivity. The co‐engineering strategy achieves robust ROS generation, enabling effective tumor ablation and advancing pyroelectric catalysis for precision oncology.

Two types of pathogenic bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens, had been reported as important causes of hospital-acquired infection. Rapid and accurate identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens is vitally important for the selection of appropriate treatment modalities. In this article, the feasibility of using surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) to identify Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens was explored. Spectrum samples were obtained from Klebsiella pneumoniae infections (n=1000) and Serratia marcescens infections (n=1000). The differences between the spectra of two types of pathogenic bacteria were also analyzed. Moreover, Principal Component Analysis- Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) algorithm was used to discriminate the spectra of pathogenic bacteria.

Early screening and precise staging are crucial for reducing mortality in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to assess the performance of blood protein surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, combined with deep learning, for the precise detection of NPC. A highly efficient protein SERS analysis, based on a membrane purification technique and super-hydrophobic platform, was developed and applied to blood samples from 1164 subjects, including 225 healthy volunteers, 120 stage I, 249 stage II, 291 stage III, and 279 stage IV NPC patients. The proteins were rapidly purified from only 10 µL of blood plasma using the membrane purification technique. Then, the super-hydrophobic platform was prepared to pre-concentrate tiny amounts of proteins by forming a uniform deposition to provide repeatable SERS spectra. A total of 1164 high-quality protein SERS spectra were rapidly collected using a self-developed macro-Raman system. A convolutional neural network-based deep-learning algorithm was used to classify the spectra. An accuracy of 100% was achieved for distinguishing between the healthy and NPC groups, and accuracies of 96%, 96%, 100%, and 100% were found for the differential classification among the four NPC stages. This study demonstrated the great promise of SERS- and deep-learning-based blood protein testing for rapid, non-invasive, and precise screening and staging of NPC.

Liquid-assisted hard tissue ablation by infrared lasers has extensive clinical application. However, detailed studies are still needed to explore the underlying mechanism. In the present study, the dynamic process of bubble evolution induced by Ho:YAG laser under water without and with bone tissue at different thickness layer were studied, as well as its effects on hard tissue ablation. The results showed that the Ho:YAG laser was capable of ablating hard bone tissue effectively in underwater conditions. The penetration of Ho:YAG laser can be significantly increased up to about 4 mm with the assistance of bubble. The hydrokinetic forces associated with the bubble not only contributed to reducing the thermal injury to peripheral tissue, but also enhanced the ablation efficiency and improve the ablation crater morphology. The data also presented some clues to optimal selection of irradiation parameters and provided additional knowledge of the bubble-assisted hard tissue ablation mechanism.

In this work, we present a novel online acoustic sulfur hexafluoride (SF[sub.6]) monitoring system utilizing a miniaturized lithium niobate tuning fork (LNTF) sensor. The proposed system demonstrates enhanced stability and a broadband vibration–frequency response. The LNTF exhibits a fundamental resonance frequency of 32,901 Hz, and its quality factor (Q-factor) decreases from 19,700 to 18,300 as the SF[sub.6] concentration increases at atmospheric pressure. Verification experiments at room temperature reveal a quantifiable correlation between the SF[sub.6]/N[sub.2] mixture concentration ratio and the sensor’s mechanical impedance. Specifically, an impedance shift of 100 Ω corresponds to a concentration change of 0.0145 g/L. In air, with a signal integration time of 80 s, the measured noise voltage and current are 0.13 µV and 0.18 pA, respectively. These results underscore the potential of the LNTF as a compact, high-stability sensing platform for greenhouse gas monitoring in electrical infrastructure and industrial environments.