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In view of the difficult problem of gas and dust exceeding the limit during the digging process of a gas tunnel in Guizhou Province, Southwest China, the CFD numerical simulation method was applied to study the gas tunnel airflow, dust and gas transport law during the digging process. A physical simulation experimental platform was established to verify the numerical simulation results, and research was carried out in terms of gas-containing gas-carrying dust disaster prevention and control, and ventilation optimization was carried out for this gas tunnel. The results showed that the maximum gas concentration in the tunnel face under press-in ventilation could be about 1%, and the local dust concentration can be up to 900 mg/m 3 . The gas mass fraction in localised areas of the tunnel exceeded 0.9% under mixed ventilation pressure-extraction ratios of 9:1 and 8:2. When the pressure to pumping ratio is 6:4, the dust was concentrated on the return side of the tunnel at a distance of 40–60 m from the head of the tunnel, and the highest local dust concentration reaches 700 mg/m 3 . When the pressure pumping ratio was 7:3, the dust pollution problem could be controlled more effectively, and at the same time, there was no higher concentration of gas gathering in the tunnel. A comprehensive analysis of the differences between dust and gas-enriched areas in gas tunnels could provide some guidance on the synergistic control of gas and dust in gas tunnels.

Background Remimazolam besylate is a newer benzodiazepine with characteristics of quick onset of effects, short maintenance and recovery times without accumulation in tissues. This trial was conducted to confirm the efficacy and safety of remimazolam besylate versus propofol during hysteroscopy. Methods Patients undergoing hysteroscopy were randomly assigned to either the remimazolam (Group R) or the propofol group (Group P). Group R was administered an induction dose of 0.2 mg/kg and a maintenance dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/h. In Group P, propofol was started at 1.5–2.0 mg/kg and then maintained at 3.0–6.0 mg/kg/h. After remimazolam besylate or propofol induction, remifentanil was infused using a target-controlled infusion system with a target concentration of 1.5 ng/ml and titrated during the procedure. The incidence rates of injection pain, low oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) and adverse effects in both groups were compared. Results Eighty-two patients were included in this study. The incidence of adverse events in Group R (3.7%) was significantly lower than that in Group P (36.6%) ( p  < 0.001). The incidence of injection pain in Group P (80.5%) was much higher than that in Group R (2.4%) ( p  < 0.001). The incidence of other adverse events, such as low SpO 2 , bradycardia, and hypotension in Group R was lower than that in Group P ( p  < 0.05). Conclusions Remimazolam besylate proves to be a safer alternative for anesthesia during hysteroscopy. Moreover, adverse events caused by propofol, such as low SpO 2 and injection pain, are largely avoided. Trial registration This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Mengcheng County No. 1 People’s Hospital (2020MYL20003) and registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (15/09/2020, ChiCTR-2000038252 ). The study protocol followed the CONSORT guidelines. The study protocol was performed in the relevant guidelines.

In order to solve the problem of the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue, a coal gangue fire-extinguishing material of gel–foam was developed. The foaming agent was screened by the Waring blender method with varying foam amounts, and the superabsorbent foam stabilizer was synthesized by free radical polymerization. Moreover, the gel–foam was used in a spontaneous combustion of coal gangue mountain field practice. The results showed that when the mass fraction of sodium dodecyl sulfonate and coconut oil amide propyl betaine was 0.6% and 4:6, the foaming amount was as high as 1500 mL. When the mass ratio of chitosan to acrylic acid was 1:6, the neutralization degree was 80%, the cross-linking agent was 0.8%, and the initiator was 0.01%, the water absorption of the synthesized superabsorbent foam stabilizer reached 476 mL/g. The synthesized gel–foam was tested in a spontaneous combustion coal gangue hill in a certain area, and no reburning sign was found within one month.

As color images have become a cornerstone of information exchange in the digital age, ensuring their security is of paramount importance. With the traditional scrambling–diffusion structure, this paper proposes a novel color image encryption algorithm by integrating of an ∞ -shaped transformation with a closed-loop control mechanism. First, the three channel matrices are merged, and the elements in each row are linked into a closed loop for initial diffusion. Secend, the diffused image is subsequently restructured into a three-row matrix and scrambled using a unique ∞ -shaped transformation. Finally, column-wise closed-loop diffusion is applied to generate the cipher image. This algorithm not only achieves effective inter-channel pixel confusion through the ∞ -shaped transformation, but also performs additional diffusion and confusion under the closed-loop control model. Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm’s excellent overall performance: the key space is as large as 2 413 , information entropy approaches the ideal value of 8 with increasing image size, and the algorithm exhibits high sensitivity, with NPCR and UACI exceeding 99.6% and 33.4%, respectively. Quantitative evaluation confirms that the proposed algorithm offers strong robustness against differential, statistical, and brute-force attacks.

This paper presents an optimized design of a two-phase interleaved critical conduction mode (CRM) Boost converter for spaceborne laser power supplies, addressing stringent requirements on efficiency and power density. The proposed topology integrates SiC devices with a magnetically integrated coupled inductor to improve system performance. By analyzing the behavior of the coupled inductor under CRM operation, the concepts of equivalent steady-state inductance and equivalent transient inductance are introduced within a unified analytical model, which reveals their influence on dynamic response speed, input current ripple, and switching frequency. In terms of control, a dynamic on-time compensation method based on a static operating point is developed. This approach achieves precise 180° phase interleaving and current sharing by directly adjusting the comparator reference voltage, without requiring external high-speed controllers. The method not only simplifies hardware implementation but also significantly reduces the effort of PI parameter tuning. A 1 kW prototype with an input range of 100–300 V was constructed to validate the proposed design. Experimental results demonstrate clear advantages in volume reduction, stability improvement, transient response, and efficiency, achieving a peak efficiency of 97.5%. These results confirm the feasibility and engineering value of the proposed converter in space-based laser power supply applications.

In practice, factories emit significant amounts of GHGs, which have been linked to health and environmental issues. These gases are produced during industrial processes and, in many cases, during transportation. Second, historically, generic costs such as production fixed and variable costs, transportation costs, and inventory holding costs have dominated the overall cost of the supply chain (SC). The objective of this research is to model a SC problem to minimize costs while also accounting for GHG emissions from facility to facility (Shanghai, China to Lahore, Pakistan). Initially, the total expenses and GHG emissions of the SC are modeled as a bi-objective mixed-integer linear programme (BOMILP). In comparison to other optimization models, the developed BOMILP model simultaneously optimizes transportation costs and GHG emissions while taking weight and distance constraints into account in the intermodal network. The real-world data comes from one of Asia's largest paper and board industries. To solve the BOMILP problem, a metaheuristic technique such as a multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and multiobjective bat algorithm (MOBA) is used. To improve the performance of the MOGA, we used multiple crossover operators. Random crossover operator selection and collision crossover are two strategies that have been implemented. The collision crossover is based on elastic collision, and the random crossover operator-selection strategy randomly selects the best operator. The Pareto optimum solution of the MOGA assists decision-makers in making the best trade-off between cost and emissions. Our findings show that the cost of producing (reeling, coating, rewinding) and storing white bleach board (WBB) accounts for 72% of the total cost of the SC, while GHG emissions are 83,484 kg CO2e in the delivery of 1 tonne of material from Shanghai, China to Lahore, Pakistan via intermodal transportation.

Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and large computation in the task of PCB defect detection. This paper proposes a lightweight PCB defect detection algorithm based on YOLO. To address the problem of large numbers of parameters and calculations, GhostNet are used in Backbone to keep the model lightweight. Second, the ordinary convolution of the neck network is improved by depthwise separable convolution, resulting in a reduction of redundant parameters within the neck network. Afterwards, the Swin-Transformer is integrated with the C3 module in the Neck to build the C3STR module, which aims to address the issue of cluttered background in defective images and the confusion caused by simple defect types. Finally, the PANet network structure is replaced with the bidirectional feature pyramid network (BIFPN) structure to enhance the fusion of multi-scale features in the network. The results indicated that when comparing our model with the original model, there was a 47.2% reduction in the model’s parameter count, a 48.5% reduction in GFLOPs, a 42.4% reduction in Weight, a 2.0% reduction in FPS, and a 2.4% rise in mAP. The model is better suited for use on low-arithmetic platforms as a result.

Bubbles in air are ephemeral because of gravity‐induced drainage and liquid evaporation, which severely limits their applications, especially as intriguing bio/chemical reactors. In this work, a new approach using acoustic levitation combined with controlled liquid compensation to stabilize bubbles is proposed. Due to the suppression of drainage by sound field and prevention of capillary waves by liquid compensation, the bubbles can remain stable and intact permanently. It has been found that the acoustically levitated bubble shows a significantly enhanced particle adsorption ability because of the oscillation of the bubble and the presence of internal acoustic streaming. The results shed light on the development of novel air‐purification techniques without consuming any solid filters. This work reports a new approach to stabilize bubbles that by using acoustic levitation combined with controlled liquid compensation the bubbles can remain intact permanently. The acoustically levitated bubble shows a significantly enhanced particle adsorption ability which shed light on the developing of novel air‐purification techniques without consuming of any solid filters.

Energy metabolism (EM) is critically involved in driving tumor development, therapeutic resistance, and modulation of the immune response. However, its genetic basis and prognostic value in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unclear. This study integrates multi-omics approaches to develop an EM-related prognostic model for assessing LUAD prognosis and uncovering relevant immunogenetic pathways. Differential analysis combined with Mendelian randomization was used to identify EM-related genes (EMRGs) with a causal link to LUAD, which were then used to build a prognostic model via machine learning. Nomogram integrating clinical features and risk model was developed to enhance prognostic accuracy. Subsequent analyses, including immune invasion, enrichment analysis, and tumor mutational burden (TMB), were conducted to explore biological associations. The heterogeneity and cell-specific expression of critical EMRGs were explored through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The transcriptional levels of the chosen EMRGs were experimentally validated using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A prognostic model was established in our study using Random Survival Forest (RSF) machine learning (ML) algorithm. Survival outcomes were substantially lower in the high-risk group (HRG) than in the low-risk group (LRG), as reflected by an AUC value of 0.73. A nomogram incorporating this risk model outperformed one without it. Gene Ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-based analyses showed a significant enrichment of these genes in pathways linked to immune regulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics. An elevated TMB in HRG may predict a worse prognosis. Evaluation of pharmacologic susceptibility revealed enhanced drug sensitivity in the HRG, such as Cytotoxic Chemotherapy and Apoptosis-inducing small molecule inhibitors, etc. ScRNA-seq revealed that prognostic EMRGs were mainly enriched in T and NK cells, myeloid cells, and fibroblasts, suggesting their involvement in immune regulation and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME). RT-qPCR confirmed their differential expression in LUAD and normal cell lines. This integrative model reveals the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of EMRGs in LUAD, presenting a novel structure for immunogenetic risk assessment and personalized treatment strategies.

With the rapid advancement of information technology, as critical information carriers, images are confronted with significant security risks. To ensure the image security, this paper proposes an image encryption algorithm based on a dynamic rhombus transformation and digital tube model. Firstly, a two-dimensional hyper-chaotic system is constructed by combining the Sine map, Cubic map and May map. The analysis results demonstrate that the constructed hybrid chaotic map exhibits superior chaotic characteristics in terms of bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, sample entropy, etc. Secondly, a dynamic rhombus transformation is proposed to scramble pixel positions, and chaotic sequences are used to dynamically select transformation centers and traversal orders. Finally, a digital tube model is designed to diffuse pixel values, which utilizes chaotic sequences to dynamically control the bit reversal and circular shift operations, and the exclusive OR operation to diffuse pixel values. The performance analyses show that the information entropy of the cipher image is 7.9993, and the correlation coefficients in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions are 0.0008, 0.0001, and 0.0005, respectively. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has strong resistance against noise attacks, cropping attacks, and exhaustive attacks, effectively ensuring the security of images during storage and transmission.