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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of two chemotherapeutic drugs, apatinib and trastuzumab, on gastric cancer with ascites. 225 patients with gastric cancer and ascites received by the Oncology Department and Gastrointestinal Department of the Central Hospital during October 2019-2021 were selected. They were subsequently assigned into apatinib group, trastuzumab group and combined treatment group. Compared with other treatment groups, the long-term and short-term survival rate of the apatinib treatment group was lower. The effective rate and adverse reaction rate of the three therapeutic drug intervention groups were significantly different. The correlation between survival time and CEA, CA125, CA19-9 tumor markers was 0.611, 0.603, 0.598, respectively, and all were significant. It was concluded that the combined treatment group of apatinib and trastuzumab can effectively intervene gastric cancer with ascites disease, reduce postoperative adverse reactions, promote cell apoptosis, especially the survival rate of long-term and short-term patients.

The interplay between spontaneous symmetry breaking and topology can result in exotic quantum states of matter. A celebrated example is the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state, which exhibits an integer quantum Hall effect at zero magnetic field owing to intrinsic ferromagnetism 1 – 3 . In the presence of strong electron–electron interactions, fractional QAH (FQAH) states at zero magnetic field can emerge 4 – 8 . These states could host fractional excitations, including non-Abelian anyons—crucial building blocks for topological quantum computation 9 . Here we report experimental signatures of FQAH states in a twisted molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe 2 ) bilayer. Magnetic circular dichroism measurements reveal robust ferromagnetic states at fractionally hole-filled moiré minibands. Using trion photoluminescence as a sensor 10 , we obtain a Landau fan diagram showing linear shifts in carrier densities corresponding to filling factor v  = −2/3 and v  = −3/5 ferromagnetic states with applied magnetic field. These shifts match the Streda formula dispersion of FQAH states with fractionally quantized Hall conductance of σ x y = − 2 3 e 2 h and σ x y = − 3 5 e 2 h , respectively. Moreover, the v  = −1 state exhibits a dispersion corresponding to Chern number −1, consistent with the predicted QAH state 11 – 14 . In comparison, several non-ferromagnetic states on the electron-doping side do not disperse, that is, they are trivial correlated insulators. The observed topological states can be electrically driven into topologically trivial states. Our findings provide evidence of the long-sought FQAH states, demonstrating MoTe 2 moiré superlattices as a platform for exploring fractional excitations. Signatures of fractional quantum anomalous Hall states at zero magnetic field are observed in a fractionally filled moiré superlattice in a molybdenum ditelluride twisted bilayer.

Differential evolution has made great achievements in various fields such as computational sciences, engineering optimization, and operations management in the past decades. It is well known that the control parameter setting plays a very important role in terms of the performance improvement of differential evolution. In this paper, a differential evolution without the scale factor and the crossover probability is presented, which eliminates almost all control parameters except for the population size. The proposed algorithm looks upon each individual as a charged particle to decide on the shift of the individual in the direction of the difference based on the attraction-repulsion mechanism in Coulomb’s Law. Moreover, Taguchi’s parameter design method with the two-level orthogonal array is merged into the crossover operation in order to obtain better individuals in the next generation by means of better combination of factor levels. What is more, a new ratio of the signal-to-noise is proposed for the purpose of fair comparison of the numerical experiment for the tested functions which have an optimal value with 0. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other 5 compared algorithms for the 10 benchmark functions.

Located at the skin surface, keratinocytes (KCs) are constantly exposed to external stimuli and are the first responders to invading pathogens and injury. Upon skin injury, activated KCs secrete an array of alarmin molecules, providing a rapid and specific innate immune response against danger signals. However, dysregulation of the innate immune response of KCs may lead to uncontrolled inflammation and psoriasis pathogenesis. Keratins (KRT) are the major structural intermediate filament proteins in KCs and are expressed in a highly specific pattern at different differentiation stages of KCs. While KRT14-KRT5 is restricted to basal proliferative KCs, and KRT10-KRT1 is restricted to suprabasal differentiated KCs in normal skin epidermis, the wound proximal KCs downregulate KRT10-K1 and upregulate KRT16/KRT17-KRT6 upon skin injury. Recent studies have recognized KRT6/16/17 as key early barrier alarmins and upregulation of these keratins alters proliferation, cell adhesion, migration and inflammatory features of KCs, contributing to hyperproliferation and innate immune activation of KCs in response to an epidermal barrier breach, followed by the autoimmune activation of T cells that drives psoriasis. Here, we have reviewed how keratins are dysregulated during skin injury, their roles in wound repairs and in initiating the innate immune system and the subsequent autoimmune amplification that arises in psoriasis.

The induction of ferroptosis in tumor cells is one of the most important mechanisms by which tumor progression can be inhibited; however, the specific regulatory mechanism underlying ferroptosis remains unclear. In this study, we found that transcription factor HBP1 has a novel function of reducing the antioxidant capacity of tumor cells. We investigated the important role of HBP1 in ferroptosis. HBP1 down-regulates the protein levels of UHRF1 by inhibiting the expression of the UHRF1 gene at the transcriptional level. Reduced levels of UHRF1 have been shown to regulate the ferroptosis-related gene CDO1 by epigenetic mechanisms, thus up-regulating the level of CDO1 and increasing the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma and cervical cancer cells to ferroptosis. On this basis, we constructed metal-polyphenol-network coated HBP1 nanoparticles by combining biological and nanotechnological. MPN-HBP1 nanoparticles entered tumor cells efficiently and innocuously, induced ferroptosis, and inhibited the malignant proliferation of tumors by regulating the HBP1-UHRF1-CDO1 axis. This study provides a new perspective for further research on the regulatory mechanism underlying ferroptosis and its potential role in tumor therapy.

Plants encounter various microbes in nature and must respond appropriately to symbiotic or pathogenic ones. In rice, the receptor-like kinase OsCERK1 is involved in recognizing both symbiotic and immune signals. However, how these opposing signals are discerned via OsCERK1 remains unknown. Here, we found that receptor competition enables the discrimination of symbiosis and immunity signals in rice. On the one hand, the symbiotic receptor OsMYR1 and its short-length chitooligosaccharide ligand inhibit complex formation between OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP and suppress OsCERK1 phosphorylating the downstream substrate OsGEF1, which reduces the sensitivity of rice to microbe-associated molecular patterns. Indeed, OsMYR1 overexpression lines are more susceptible to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, whereas Osmyr1 mutants show higher resistance. On the other hand, OsCEBiP can bind OsCERK1 and thus block OsMYR1–OsCERK1 heteromer formation. Consistently, the Oscebip mutant displayed a higher rate of mycorrhizal colonization at early stages of infection. Our results indicate that OsMYR1 and OsCEBiP receptors compete for OsCERK1 to determine the outcome of symbiosis and immunity signals.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi facilitate plant uptake of mineral nutrients and draw organic nutrients fromthe plant. Organic nutrients are thought to be supplied primarily in the formof sugars. Here we show that the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis is a fatty acid auxotroph and that fatty acids synthesized in the host plants are transferred to the fungus to sustain mycorrhizal colonization. The transfer is dependent on RAM2 (REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION 2) and the ATP binding cassette transporter–mediated plant lipid export pathway. We further show that plant fatty acids can be transferred to the pathogenic fungus Golovinomyces cichoracerum and are required for colonization by pathogens. We suggest that themutualistic mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi similarly recruit the fatty acid biosynthesis program to facilitate host invasion.

Endometriosis (EMS) is a multifactorial disease that affects 10%–15% women of reproductive age and is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. The pathogenesis of EMS has not been consistently explained until now. In this study, we involved 36 endometriosis patients and 14 control subjects who performed laparoscopic surgery due to gynecological benign tumor. The samples from lower third of vagina (CL), posterior vaginal fornix (CU), cervical mucus (CV), endometrium (ET) and peritoneal fluid (PF), were collected and sequenced by 16S rRNA amplicon. The continuous change of the microbiota distribution was identified along the reproductive tract. The flora in lower reproductive tract (CL, CU) were dominated by Lactobacillus . Significant difference of the community diversity began showing in the CV of EMS patients and gradually increased upward the reproductive tract. It indicates the microbiota in cervical samples is expected to be an indicator for the risk of EMS. This study also highlights the decreasing of Lactobacillus in vaginal flora and the increasing of signature Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in transaction zone (CV) and upper reproductive tract (ET, PF) of EMS patients, which reflect the alteration of microbial community associated with EMS, participation of specific colonized bacteria in the EMS pathogenesis and relationship between microbiota and development of disease.

Objective To clarify and quantify the potential dose–response association between the intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of type 2 diabetes. Design Meta-analysis and systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Data source Studies published before February 2014 identified through electronic searches using PubMed and Embase. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Prospective cohort studies with relative risks and 95% CIs for type 2 diabetes according to the intake of fruit, vegetables, or fruit and vegetables. Results A total of 10 articles including 13 comparisons with 24 013 cases of type 2 diabetes and 434 342 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Evidence of curve linear associations was seen between fruit and green leafy vegetables consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes (p=0.059 and p=0.036 for non-linearity, respectively). The summary relative risk of type 2 diabetes for an increase of 1 serving fruit consumed/day was 0.93 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99) without heterogeneity among studies (p=0.477, I2=0%). For vegetables, the combined relative risk of type 2 diabetes for an increase of 1 serving consumed/day was 0.90 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.01) with moderate heterogeneity among studies (p=0.002, I2=66.5%). For green leafy vegetables, the summary relative risk of type 2 diabetes for an increase of 0.2 serving consumed/day was 0.87 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.93) without heterogeneity among studies (p=0.496, I2=0%). The combined estimates showed no significant benefits of increasing the consumption of fruit and vegetables combined. Conclusions Higher fruit or green leafy vegetables intake is associated with a significantly reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.

The rapid development of Blockchain Internet of Things (IoT) has intensified the need for efficient and secure cross-chain transmission across heterogeneous systems. However, traditional cross-chain methods, such as hash time-locked contracts and relay chains, focus primarily on security and correctness while neglecting performance optimization. This limitation is particularly pronounced in high-dynamic environments like port areas, where network congestion, high latency, and uneven resource utilization are prevalent challenges. To address these gaps, this study proposes a novel load-adaptive cross-chain control method tailored for Blockchain IoT systems in port areas. The proposed method integrates multi-feature joint learning with adaptive multi-channel joint bus control, enabling dynamic resource allocation and interference suppression for enhanced transmission efficiency. Furthermore, a distributed intelligent scheduling mechanism is introduced to improve scalability and stability under high-concurrency conditions by decentralizing task coordination across blockchain nodes. Additionally, federated learning is employed to optimize cross-chain communication while preserving data privacy, ensuring secure and collaborative optimization in multi-party environments. Extensive simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating significant improvements in throughput, latency, and packet loss rate compared to traditional centralized methods. The results highlight the method’s ability to balance dynamic network loads, minimize interference, and adapt to real-time conditions. This work bridges the gap between performance-oriented optimizations and privacy-preserving mechanisms, offering a scalable and secure solution for Blockchain IoT systems in complex and dynamic environments.