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PI3K/AKT signaling is known to regulate cancer metabolism, but whether metabolic feedback regulates the PI3K/AKT pathway is unclear. Here, we demonstrate the important reciprocal crosstalk between the PI3K/AKT signal and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) branching metabolic pathways. PI3K/AKT activation stabilizes G6PD, the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP, by inhibiting the newly identified E3 ligase TIRM21 and promotes the PPP. PPP metabolites, in turn, reinforce AKT activation and further promote cancer metabolic reprogramming by blocking the expression of the AKT inhibitor PHLDA3. Knockout of TRIM21 or PHLDA3 promotes crosstalk and cell proliferation. Importantly, PTEN null human cancer cells and in vivo murine models are sensitive to anti-PPP treatments, suggesting the importance of the PPP in maintaining AKT activation even in the presence of a constitutively activated PI3K pathway. Our study suggests that blockade of this reciprocal crosstalk mechanism may have a therapeutic benefit for cancers with PTEN loss or PI3K/AKT activation. The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway regulates cancer metabolism. Here, the authors show a reciprocal positive feedback crosstalk between the PI3K/AKT and pentose phosphate pathway which promotes tumourigenesis.

The bionic-superhydrophobic surface is widely used in the field of wood protection. In this work, a novel room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTVSR) superhydrophobic coating was fabricated onto the wood surface with the aid of SiO2 nanoparticles. The RTVSR/SiO2 superhydrophobic coating was composed of poly(methylhydrogens)siloxane (PMHS), vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (Vi-PDMS) and SiO2 nanoparticles, in which PMHS and Vi-PDMS reacted with each other to form a continuous phase and SiO2 nanoparticles increased the roughness of the coatings on wood surface. PMHS played the key role in assembly of rough surface and hence the fabrication of stable superhydrophobic surface. The formation mechanism of RTVSR/SiO2 superhydrophobic coating was discussed in detail. As a result, the modified wood had a water contact angle (WCA) of 164.4° and a sliding angle (SA) of 5°. Moreover, the super-hydrophobic coating on the surface of wood has excellent resistance to both high and low temperature, UV radiation, water impact and possesses self-cleaning property. The water absorption rate decreased obviously from 45.9 to 28.1% after depositing RTVSR/SiO2 superhydrophobic coating on wood. RTVSR/SiO2 superhydrophobic coating will find a great application in protection of hydroxyl-containing substrates, especially wood, in outdoor environment.

Continuous use is critical for the survival and success of any tourism online-to-offline (O2O) platforms. Much prior research has focused on initial trust on initial adoption of e-commerce websites but pays less attention to the effect of ongoing trust on continuous use. This study presents an integrated model, including two categories of ongoing trust to test their contributions on tourism O2O platform continuance. It also examines their different antecedents, impacts, and the interactions between them. Drawn from a web-based survey with 418 responses, empirical results show that ongoing trust in O2O platforms positively influence platform continuance, whereas ongoing trust in offline destinations positively influence ongoing trust in platforms. Confirmations of expected product and service quality are significant to ongoing trust in destinations, but confirmation of expected convenience is not. Confirmations of expected platform quality, specific guarantees, and loyalty program benefits are significant to ongoing trust in platforms. In addition, the antecedents and effects of ongoing trust in platforms are different between experienced and less-experienced customers. These findings have useful implications on how academics and practitioners work together to ensure the sustainable development of their tourism O2O businesses.

A novel dehydrogenation-driven assembly method was proposed to fabricate durable superhydrophobic SiO2/PMHS ORMOSIL (organically modified silica) coatings on cellulose-based substrates. Poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane (PMHS) played the key role in the durability of ORMOSIL coatings and the assembly process. The dehydrogenation-driven assembly mechanism of ORMOSIL was discussed in detail. Results indicated that the chemical property and microstructure of ORMOSIL could be controlled easily by varying the weight ratio of SiO2 to PMHS. The lotus-like ORMOSIL coating could be realized as the weight ratio of SiO2 to PMHS was 1:1. The ORMOSIL coating on wood surface was of self-cleaning property, good transparency and durability (including water-repellency and dimensional stability, mechanical and chemical stability, and UV-resistance). In addition, the SiO2/PMHS ORMOSIL gave cotton good oil/water separation ability. Finally, the dehydrogenation-driven assembly method was simple and low-cost, and it can be applied to fabricate durable superhydrophobic coatings on any other hydroxyl-containing substrates besides the cellulose-based substrates.Graphic abstract

In a fully automated factory, the Visualized Production Line serves as a crucial tool for assisting personnel to monitor and manage the manufacturing process. The synchronization between the visualized line and the actual production line significantly impacts the efficiency of production supervision. This article proposes a method for controlling the logistics terminals, which encompasses three steps: animation simplification, timing alignment, and keyframe synchronization (hereinafter referred to as ASTAK). This method aims to achieve precise synchronization between the Simulated Production Line and the Visualized Production Line when the process data of the simulated line is not directly accessed. Then, the experiments demonstrate that the proposed method reduces the time difference between the simulated and visualized production lines to an average of 0.08 s with a synchronization rate of 99.97%, which further verifies the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method over some other state-of-the-art methods.

The behavior of multicamera interference in 3D images (e.g., depth maps), which is based on infrared (IR) light, is not well understood. In 3D images, when multicamera interference is present, there is an increase in the amount of zero-value pixels, resulting in a loss of depth information. In this work, we demonstrate a framework for synthetically generating direct and indirect multicamera interference using a combination of a probabilistic model and ray tracing. Our mathematical model predicts the locations and probabilities of zero-value pixels in depth maps that contain multicamera interference. Our model accurately predicts where depth information may be lost in a depth map when multicamera interference is present. We compare the proposed synthetic 3D interference images with controlled 3D interference images captured in our laboratory. The proposed framework achieves an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0625, an average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 24.1277 dB, and an average structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 0.9007 for predicting direct multicamera interference, and an average RMSE of 0.0312, an average PSNR of 26.2280 dB, and an average SSIM of 0.9064 for predicting indirect multicamera interference. The proposed framework can be used to develop and test interference mitigation techniques that will be crucial for the successful proliferation of these devices.

One of the challenges of using Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors for dimensioning objects is that the depth information suffers from issues such as low resolution, self-occlusions, noise, and multipath interference, which distort the shape and size of objects. In this work, we successfully apply a superquadric fitting framework for dimensioning cuboid and cylindrical objects from point cloud data generated using a ToF sensor. Our work demonstrates that an average error of less than 1 cm is possible for a box with the largest dimension of about 30 cm and a cylinder with the largest dimension of about 20 cm that are each placed 1.5 m from a ToF sensor. We also quantify the performance of dimensioning objects using various object orientations, ground plane surfaces, and model fitting methods. For cuboid objects, our results show that the proposed superquadric fitting framework is able to achieve absolute dimensioning errors between 4% and 9% using the bounding technique and between 8% and 15% using the mirroring technique across all tested surfaces. For cylindrical objects, our results show that the proposed superquadric fitting framework is able to achieve absolute dimensioning errors between 2.97% and 6.61% when the object is in a horizontal orientation and between 8.01% and 13.13% when the object is in a vertical orientation using the bounding technique across all tested surfaces.

A simple, efficient, and economical method was developed to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces on various substrates, including wood, bamboo, cotton, filter paper, sponge, glass, textile, and copper. This method involves synthesizing a two-component modifier solution consisting of SiO2 nanoparticles combined with poly(methylhydrogen)siloxane (PMHS) modification. The superhydrophobicity of the coated surfaces was created by PMHS combined with SiO2 nanoparticles to construct a rough hierarchical structure on the surface of the substrate. All superhydrophobic surfaces were maintained at a relative humidity of 50% for 30 days in an indoor environment and subsequently, the superhydrophobic surfaces were kept minus 20 °C for 24 h. It was confirmed that these surfaces exhibited excellent self-cleaning, oil/water separation, and elimination of underwater oil properties. The method for fabricating superhydrophobic materials proposed in this study will have great potential to prepare large-scale superhydrophobic surfaces for use in ancient building protection.Graphic abstract

Synthetically creating motion blur in two-dimensional (2D) images is a well-understood process and has been used in image processing for developing deblurring systems. There are no well-established techniques for synthetically generating arbitrary motion blur within three-dimensional (3D) images, such as depth maps and point clouds since their behavior is not as well understood. As a prerequisite, we have previously developed a method for generating synthetic motion blur in a plane that is parallel to the sensor detector plane. In this work, as a major extension, we generalize our previously developed framework for synthetically generating linear and radial motion blur along planes that are at arbitrary angles with respect to the sensor detector plane. Our framework accurately captures the behavior of the real motion blur that is encountered using a Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensor. This work uses a probabilistic model that predicts the location of invalid pixels that are typically present within depth maps that contain real motion blur. More specifically, the probabilistic model considers different angles of motion paths and the velocity of an object with respect to the image plane of a ToF sensor. Extensive experimental results are shown that demonstrate how our framework can be applied to synthetically create radial, linear, and combined radial-linear motion blur. We quantify the accuracy of the synthetic generation method by comparing the resulting synthetic depth map to the experimentally captured depth map with motion. Our results indicate that our framework achieves an average Boundary F1 (BF) score of 0.7192 for invalid pixels for synthetic radial motion blur, an average BF score of 0.8778 for synthetic linear motion blur, and an average BF score of 0.62 for synthetic combined radial-linear motion blur.

Under the context of non-dyadic human–machine interaction in intelligent coal mines, this study investigates the impact of different dyadic collaboration modes on Team Situation Awareness (TSA). Based on a simulated coal mine monitoring task, the experiment compares four working modes—Individual Operation, Supervised Operation, Cooperative Operation, and Divided-task Operation—across tasks of varying complexity. TSA was assessed using both objective (SAGAT) and subjective (SART) measures, alongside parallel evaluations of task performance and workload (NASA-TLX). The results demonstrate that, compared to Individual or Supervised Operation, both Cooperative and Divided-task Operation significantly enhance TSA and task performance. Cooperative Operation improves information integration and comprehension, while Divided-task Operation enhances response efficiency by enabling focused attention on role-specific demands. Moreover, dyadic collaboration reduces cognitive workload, with the task-sharing mode showing the lowest cognitive and temporal demands. The findings indicate that clear task structuring and real-time information exchange can alleviate cognitive bottlenecks and promote accurate environmental perception. Theoretically, this study extends the application of non-dyadic interaction theory to intelligent coal mine scenarios and empirically validates a “Collaboration Mode–TSA–Performance” model. Practically, it provides design implications for adaptive collaboration frameworks in high-risk, high-complexity industrial systems, highlighting the value of dynamic role allocation in optimizing cognitive resource utilization and enhancing operational safety.