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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing intestinal inflammation, which currently lacks safe and effective medicine. Some previous studies indicated that Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a natural saponin extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine herb Ligusticum chuanxiong , alleviates the experimental colitis symptoms in vitro and in vivo . However, the mechanism of AS-IV on IBD remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that M2-polarized intestinal macrophages play a pivotal role in IBD progression. Here, we found that AS-IV attenuated clinical activity of DSS-induced colitis that mimics human IBD and resulted in the phenotypic transition of macrophages from immature pro-inflammatory macrophages to mature pro-resolving macrophages. In vitro , the phenotype changes of macrophages were observed by qRT-PCR after bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were induced to M1/M2 and incubated with AS-IV, respectively. In addition, AS-IV was effective in inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophages and promoting the pro-resolving macrophages to ameliorate experimental colitis via the regulation of the STAT signaling pathway. Hence, we propose that AS-IV can ameliorate experimental colitis partially by modulating macrophage phenotype by remodeling the STAT signaling, which seems to have an essential function in the ability of AS-IV to alleviate the pathological progress of IBD.

Background Bladder cancer (BLCA) represents one of the most prevalent urological malignancies worldwide. Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), a well-characterized tumor suppressor that interacts with and inhibits oncogenic Myc transcription factors, has demonstrated crucial roles in various cancer types. However, its specific functions and underlying molecular mechanisms in BLCA development and progression remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the role of BIN1 in regulating BLCA cell proliferation, metastasis, and cancer stem cell properties. Methods Using urinary proteomics analysis, we identified BIN1 as a significantly dysregulated protein in BLCA. The clinical significance of BIN1 was further validated through comprehensive analyses of public databases. BIN1 expression levels defined distinct molecular and immunological subtypes of BLCA. Through proteomic profiling of BIN1-overexpressing UMUC3 cells and corresponding controls, we identified ALDH1 as a key downstream effector in the BIN1-regulated ALDH1/NOTCH signaling axis. We employed multiple experimental approaches, including Western blot analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, wound healing assays, transwell migration assays, colony formation assays, tumor sphere formation assays, flow cytometry, CCK8 proliferation assays, and cell transfection experiments. Results We observed significant downregulation of BIN1 in both BLCA tissues and cell lines compared to normal adjacent tissues and SV-HUC-1 cells, respectively. BIN1 overexpression inhibited cancer cell proliferation by promoting apoptosis and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby reducing local invasion and distant metastasis. Additionally, BIN1 regulated cancer stem cell properties through modulation of ALDH1 expression, with NOTCH2 acting as a crucial downstream mediator of ALDH1 signaling. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that BIN1 functions as a tumor suppressor in BLCA and suggest its potential utility as both a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for BLCA treatment.

The effects of minor alloying elements (antimony, boron) on the recrystallization and oxidation of Mn-containing interstitial free (IF) steels were investigated using confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) under controlled atmosphere of 95% Ar and 5% H2 (volume percent) at different temperatures. The results indicated that oxidation and recrystallization were primarily controlled by the grain boundaries, which moved due to release of the stored energy or acted as the fast path diffusion of alloying elements. It was found that the addition of antimony suppressed both surface oxidation and internal oxidation, whereas boron addition accelerated surface oxidation but decreased internal oxidation. The reasons caused were that the alloying elements of antimony or boron were known to segregate on the surfaces or grain boundaries to occupy the surface adsorption sites, which were expected to be less catalytic than bare iron on the transportation of alloying elements. The recrystallization was also retarded through adding minor antimony and boron elements. The oxidation kinetics of formation of grain boundary oxides were studied through calculating the areas along grain boundaries, and it was found that the areas parabolically increased with increasing time.

With the rapid development of the automotive industry in China, the common gear steels no longer meet the high speed and heavy load requirements of the automotive industry. 17Cr2Ni2MoVNb steel is a new type of gear steel in the automotive industry, but the mechanical properties of 17Cr2Ni2MoVNb are not well documented. In this study, the tensile properties and rotary bending fatigue behaviors of 17Cr2Ni2MoVNb were investigated, (quenched at 860 °C and tempered at 180, 400, 620 °C); the microstructures and fracture surface were analyzed using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that at higher tempering temperatures, the tissue was denser, and the residual austenite transformed into lower bainite or tempered martensite. Dislocation density reduced while tempering temperature increased. Moreover, the samples with a tempering temperature of 180 °C exhibited the highest tensile strength of 1456 MPa, in addition to fatigue limits of 730, 700 and 600 MPa at temperatures of 180, 400, and 620 °C, respectively.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with the occurrence, development and prognoses of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we investigated the functional mechanisms of the lncRNA XIST in two human NSCLC cell lines, A549 and NCI-H1299. In all the 5 NSCLC cell lines (NL9980, NCI-H1299, NCI-H460, SPC-A-1 and A549) tested, the expression levels of XIST were significantly elevated, as compared with those in normal human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. In A549 and NCI-H1299 cells, knockdown of XIST by siRNA significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, XIST knockdown elevated the expression of E-cadherin, and suppressed the expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, knockdown of XIST significantly suppressed the tumor growth in NSCLC A549 xenograft mouse model. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that XIST was negatively regulated by miR-449a. We further identified reciprocal repression between XIST and miR-449a, which eventually influenced the expression of Bcl-2: XIST functioned as a miRNA sponge of miR-449a, which was a negative regulator of Bcl-2. These data show that expression of the lncRNA XIST is associated with an increased growth rate and metastatic potential in NSCLC A549 and NCI-H1299 cells partially through miR-449a, and suggest that XIST may be a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for patients with NSCLC.

Plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings are widely used for corrosion protection of metallic parts in industries. However, conventional ceramic coatings bond to metal substrates mainly through mechanical interlocking, with a tensile adhesion lower than 40 MPa, which limits their high-load applications. In this study, a new strategy to enhance the adhesion of coatings to a level over 100 MPa is proposed through introducing a ceramic bond coat to create chemical bonding throughout all the interfaces within the coating system. The experimental approval is made using titanium (Ti) as a typical substrate and Al 2 O 3 -13TiO 2 (AT13) as a typical coating material. The ceramic bond coat on Ti substrate was introduced by thermal growing under different oxidation conditions. The AT13 coating was deposited at 300 °C which was determined following the critical bonding temperature theory. It is found that the chemical bonding for all interfaces between ceramic layers was achieved by dynamic wetting of spreading molten splats ensured by the critical bonding temperature concept. The tensile test was modified by reducing the effective contact area of AT13 ceramic coatings to the substrate, and the adhesion of the ceramic coating prepared by the new method ranged from 105 to 121 MPa. This study provides a new technological approach for the application of plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings in high-load environments.

ZrB 2 coating was successfully prepared on molybdenum substrate by molten salt electrodeposition method in this study. The reaction medium was NaCl-KCl eutectic molten salt with K 2 ZrF 6 as the zirconium source and KBF 4 as the boron source. The effect of electrodeposition parameters including the current density, reaction temperature and deposition time on the phase composition, surface and cross-sectional morphologies, thickness, and preferred orientation of ZrB 2 coating was investigated in detail. The influence mechanism of each condition was also discussed. The experimental results proved that all the three parameters could directly affect the electrodeposition process of ZrB 2 coating in molten salt. With the increase of the current density, the thickness and surface roughness of the coating increased. Higher reaction temperature could accelerate the mass transfer, weaken the concentration polarization, and increase the deposition rate of the coating. With the extension of the deposition time, the electrodeposition control process of ZrB 2 coating changed from single electrochemical polarization control to the combination of electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization control. The preparation of ZrB 2 coating by molten salt electrodeposition showed a wide process window. By adjusting the electrodeposition process parameters, ZrB 2 coatings with different microstructures, preferred orientation, and thickness could be prepared on the surface of molybdenum.

The array configuration of delta wing and elliptical cylinder vortex generator in the spiral surface channel was studied. By changing the assembly distance s, the triangle wing vortex generator angle of attack α, the elliptical cylinder vortex generator angle of attack β to research the heat transfer and resistance properties under different working conditions. The research model as follow: the heat-medium is water-vapor [H2, the cold medium of flow is air, Steam temperature is 400K and air inlet temperature is 293K, the Reynolds number ranging from 4000 to 7000.The optimum structure was determined by using numerical simulation method and orthogonal experiment method. The result shows the optimization structure of the combination vortex generator: α=45°, β=45°, s=90mm. Compared with the normal structure, the heat transfer enhancement comprehensive effect of the optimization structure raised about 36.2%~47.6%.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with the occurrence, development and prognoses of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we investigated the functional mechanisms of the lncRNA XIST in two human NSCLC cell lines, A549 and NCI-H1299. In all the 5 NSCLC cell lines (NL9980, NCI-H1299, NCI-H460, SPC-A-1 and A549) tested, the expression levels of XIST were significantly elevated, as compared with those in normal human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. In A549 and NCI-H1299 cells, knockdown of XIST by siRNA significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, XIST knockdown elevated the expression of E-cadherin, and suppressed the expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, knockdown of XIST significantly suppressed the tumor growth in NSCLC A549 xenograft mouse model. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays revealed that XIST was negatively regulated by miR-449a. We further identified reciprocal repression between XIST and miR-449a, which eventually influenced the expression of Bcl-2: XIST functioned as a miRNA sponge of miR-449a, which was a negative regulator of Bcl-2. These data show that expression of the lncRNA XIST is associated with an increased growth rate and metastatic potential in NSCLC A549 and NCI-H1299 cells partially through miR-449a, and suggest that XIST may be a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target for patients with NSCLC.