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Summary The role of abscisic acid (ABA) receptors, PYR1/PYL/RCAR (PYLs), is well established in ABA signalling and plant drought response, but limited research has explored the regulation of wheat PYLs in this process, especially the effects of their allelic variations on drought tolerance or grain yield. Here, we found that the overexpression of a TaABFs‐regulated PYL gene, TaPYL1‐1B, exhibited higher ABA sensitivity, photosynthetic capacity and water‐use efficiency (WUE), all contributed to higher drought tolerance than that of wild‐type plants. This heightened water‐saving mechanism further increased grain yield and protected productivity during water deficit. Candidate gene association analysis revealed that a favourable allele TaPYL1‐1BIn‐442, carrying an MYB recognition site insertion in the promoter, is targeted by TaMYB70 and confers enhanced expression of TaPYL1‐1B in drought‐tolerant genotypes. More importantly, an increase in frequency of the TaPYL1‐1BIn‐442 allele over decades among modern Chinese cultivars and its association with high thousand‐kernel weight together demonstrated that it was artificially selected during wheat improvement efforts. Taken together, our findings illuminate the role of TaPYL1‐1B plays in coordinating drought tolerance and grain yield. In particular, the allelic variant TaPYL1‐1BIn‐442 substantially contributes to enhanced drought tolerance while maintaining high yield, and thus represents a valuable genetic target for engineering drought‐tolerant wheat germplasm.

To understand the current status and influencing factors of self-management ability in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study employed an interpretive sequential mixed-methods approach and followed the STROBE and CONDITION guidelines. From June 2024 to February 2025, convenience sampling was used to survey 507 PD patients from three tertiary hospitals. Quantitative data were collected using five scales. Concurrently, purpose sampling was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 13 patients until data saturation was reached. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically using Nvivo15. The results were integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding. The quantitative results showed that PD patients had a self-management ability score of [55.00 (45.00, 60.00)] out of a possible 96, indicating a moderately low level. Multiple linear regression identified age, educational attainment, monthly household income, dialysis age, understanding of the disease, mastery of health education content, frequency of follow-up, and self-efficacy as significant influencing factors. The qualitative interviews identified two themes (obstructive and promoting factors) and nine sub-themes. The integration of results showed that qualitative findings confirmed and complemented the quantitative associations. The self-management ability of PD patients is moderately low. Medical staff should enhance the self-efficacy and social support of PD patients based on the influencing factors of their self-management ability, increase the frequency of follow-up, pay attention to PD patients with low education, advanced age and other types, strengthen training and monitoring for complications, and carry out targeted intervention to improve the self-management ability of PD patients.

The inferior tolerance with reversible accommodation of large‐sized Na+ ion in electrode materials has plagued the adaptability of sodium‐ion chemistry. The sluggish diffusion kinetics of Na+ also baffles the desirability. Herein, a carbon fiber supported binder‐free electrode consisting of bismuth and carbon composite is designed. Well‐confined bismuth nanodots are synthesized by replacing cobalt in the metal–organic frameworks (MOF)–derived, nitrogen‐doped carbon arrays, which are demonstrated with remarkable reversibility during sodiation and desodiation. Cobalt species in the pristine MOF catalyze the graphitization around organic components in calcination, generating a highly conductive network in which the bismuth is to be embedded. The uniformly dispersed bismuth nanodots provide plenty boundaries and abundant active sites in the carbon arrays, where fast sodium storage kinetics are realized to contribute extra capacity and excellent rate performance. Bismuth nanodots are synthesized by confined replacement reaction with cobalt from metal–organic frameworks (MOF)‐derived templates on carbon fiber substrate. As binder‐free electrode for sodium‐ion batteries, nanosized bismuth can accommodate volume changes during sodiation/desodiation. The carbon arrays are with plenty phase boundaries and abundant active sites, which can contribute to extra capacity and excellent rate performance with fast capacitive sodium storage kinetics.

HighlightsA novel hydrogel with high water retention and Zn2+ transference number of 0.604 was constructed by copolymerizing sulfobetaine and acrylamide in Zn(ClO4)2 solution.The designed electrolyte configuration enables in situ generation of the organic–inorganic hybrid interface, which contributes to the electrodeposition uniformity and corrosion resistance of the anode.Zn–Zn and Zn–MnO2 cells based on hydrogel electrolyte exhibit outstanding cycling stability (over 3000 h under 0.5 mA cm−2/0.5 mAh cm−2 after two-time shelving).Aqueous zinc metal batteries are noted for their cost-effectiveness, safety and environmental friendliness. However, the water-induced notorious issues such as continuous electrolyte decomposition and uneven Zn electrochemical deposition remarkably restrict the development of the long-life zinc metal batteries. In this study, zwitterionic sulfobetaine is introduced to copolymerize with acrylamide in zinc perchlorate (Zn(ClO4)2) solution. The designed gel framework with hydrophilic and charged groups can firmly anchor water molecules and construct ion migration channels to accelerate ion transport. The in situ generated hybrid interface, which is composed of the organic functionalized outer layer and inorganic Cl− containing inner layer, can synergically lower the mass transfer overpotential, reduce water-related side reactions and lead to uniform Zn deposition. Such a novel electrolyte configuration enables Zn//Zn cells with an ultra-long cycling life of over 3000 h and a low polarization potential (~ 0.03 V) and Zn//Cu cells with high Coulombic efficiency of 99.18% for 1000 cycles. Full cells matched with MnO2 cathodes delivered laudable cycling stability and impressive shelving ability. Besides, the flexible quasi-solid-state batteries which are equipped with the anti-vandalism ability (such as cutting, hammering and soaking) can successfully power the LED simultaneously. Such a safe, processable and durable hydrogel promises significant application potential for long-life flexible electronic devices.

Changes in vegetation greenness have altered the regional terrestrial water cycle, yet their influence on drought remains unclear. To quantify the impact of vegetation greenness change on drought across global vegetation zones, this study conducted two simulations with and without linear trends in the Leaf Area Index (LAI), based on the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) combined with the calibrated Shuttleworth‐Wallace potential evapotranspiration (PET) equation. Results revealed vegetation greening affected 71% of areas, and over 55% of areas experienced increases in PET, decreases in SPEI (indicating drying), and intensified drought conditions. The linear trends in LAI increased potential transpiration but decreased potential soil evaporation in most regions. The changes in drought are determined by the combined effects of these changes in potential transpiration and soil evaporation. This study highlights the critical role of vegetation greenness change in influencing drought. Plain Language Summary Vegetation is the most ever‐changing land surface component, influencing nearly all aspects of the terrestrial water cycle, including evapotranspiration, by controlling the partitioning of energy and water. Given its crucial role and evident changes in vegetation greenness (usually reflected by the Leaf Area Index (LAI)), we hypothesize that vegetation greenness change can also affect drought by regulating atmospheric water demand (i.e., potential evapotranspiration (PET)). To test this, we conducted simulations using a drought index combined with a new PET equation, comparing scenarios with and without linear trends in LAI across global vegetation zones. The results showed that vegetation greenness changes significantly influenced PET and drought, with over half of the regions experiencing increased PET, drying, and intensified drought. We also found that increased vegetation greenness enhanced potential transpiration while reducing potential evaporation, and vice versa, with their combined effects driving changes in PET, dryness/wetness, and drought severity. This study highlights the vital role of vegetation greenness change in shaping variations in dryness‐wetness and drought through influencing PET. Key Points Impacts of vegetation greenness change on potential evapotranspiration (PET) and drought were evaluated across global vegetation zones Vegetation greenness changes increased PET and drought over more than 55% of areas The combined variations in potential transpiration and soil evaporation determined the changes in PET and drought

Background Previous studies have shown that ABFs (abscisic acid-responsive transcription factors) are important ABA-signaling components that participate in abiotic stress response. However, little is known about the function of ABFs in Triticum aestivum . In addition, although various ABFs have been identified in other species, the phylogenetic relationship between ABF transcription factors has not been systemically investigated in land plants. Results In this study, we systemically collected ABFs from land plants and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of these ABF genes. The ABF genes are present in all the land plants we investigated, including moss, lycophyte, monocots, and eudicots. Furthermore, these ABF genes are phylogenetically divided into seven subgroups, differentiations that are supported by variation in the gene structure, protein properties, and motif patterns. We further demonstrated that the expression of ABF genes varies among different tissues and developmental stages, and are induced by one or more environmental stresses. Furthermore, we found that three wheat ABFs ( TaABF1 , TaABF2, and TaABF3 ) were significantly induced by drought stress. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TaABF3 displayed enhanced drought tolerance. Conclusions These results provide important ground work for understanding the phylogenetic relationships between plant ABF genes. Our results also indicate that TaABFs may participate in regulating plant response to abiotic stresses.

This review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of apixaban vs. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients on dialysis. All types of studies published on PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science up to 10 September 2023 and comparing outcomes of apixaban vs. VKA in dialysis patients were eligible. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and six retrospective studies were included. Apixaban treatment was associated with significantly lower risk of major bleeding (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.77;  = 50%) and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98,  = 9%) compared to VKA. Meta-analysis also showed that the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.85,  = 16%) and intracranial bleeding (RR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.84,  = 0%) was significantly reduced with apixaban. Meta-analysis showed no difference in the risk of ischemic stroke (RR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.06, 2.69,  = 0%), mortality (RR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.74, 2.16,  = 94%) and recurrent venous thromboembolism (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.21,  = 0%) between the two groups. Subgroup analysis of RCTs showed no difference in bleeding outcomes. Low-quality evidence from a mix of RCTs and retrospective studies shows that apixaban may have better safety and equivalent efficacy as compared to VKA in dialysis patients. Apixaban treatment correlated with significantly reduced risk of major bleeding and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding in observational studies but not in RCTs. The predominance of retrospective data warrants caution in the interpretation of results.

Systematic analysis of factors influencing catheter-related infections in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. A computerized search of Chinese and English databases was conducted to identify the factors affecting catheter-related infections in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Studies with a search period from inception to July 31, 2024 were retrieved. Two researchers independently screened the literature using inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data extraction and quality assessments were performed. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.4 and Stata software. In total, 13 studies were included and meta-analysis revealed that comorbid diabetes mellitus, insecure catheter fixation, dialysis duration >2 years, body mass index >20 kg/m , mechanical strain, lack of proper care, irregular caregivers, and history of catheter pulling ( < 0.05) were the influencing factors contributing to the incidence of catheter-related infections in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Clinicians should pay close attention to these influencing factors and provide targeted preventive measures to prevent catheter-related infections.

Currently, with the increasing scale of industrial systems, multisensor monitoring data exhibit large-scale dynamic Gaussian and non-Gaussian concurrent complex characteristics. However, the traditional principal component analysis method is based on Gaussian distribution and uncorrelated assumptions, which are greatly limited in practice. Therefore, developing a new fault detection method for large-scale Gaussian and non-Gaussian concurrent dynamic systems is one of the urgent challenges to be addressed. To this end, a double-layer distributed and integrated data-driven strategy based on Laplacian score weighting and integrated Bayesian inference is proposed. Specifically, in the first layer of the distributed strategy, we design a Jarque–Bera test module to divide all multisensor monitoring variables into Gaussian and non-Gaussian blocks, successfully solving the problem of different data distributions. In the second layer of the distributed strategy, we design a dynamic augmentation module to solve dynamic problems, a K-means clustering module to mine local similarity information of variables, and a Laplace scoring module to quantitatively evaluate the structural retention ability of variables. Therefore, this double-layer distributed strategy can simultaneously combine the different distribution characteristics, dynamism, local similarity, and importance of variables, comprehensively mining the local information of the multisensor data. In addition, we develop an integrated Bayesian inference strategy based on detection performance weighting, which can emphasize the differential contribution of local models. Finally, the fault detection results for the Tennessee Eastman production system and a diesel engine working system validate the superiority of the proposed method.

Introduction Endometriosis is a heritable, complex chronic inflammatory disease, for which much of the causal pathogenic mechanism remain unknown.Despite the high prevalence of ovarian chocolate cyst, its origin is still under debate. Methods Prevailing retrograde menstruation model predicts that ectopic endometrial cells migrate and develop into ovarian chocolate cyst. However, other models were also proposed. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have proved successful in identifying common genetic variants of moderate effects for various complex diseases. Results A growing body of evidence shows that the remodeling of retrograde endometrial tissues to the ectopic endometriotic lesions involves multiple epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA expression.Because DNA methylation states exhibit a tissue specific pattern, we profiled the DNA methylation for ovarian cysts and paired eutopic endometrial and ovarian tissues from four patients. Surprisingly, DNA methylation profiles showed the ovarian cysts were closely grouped with normal ovarian but not endometrial tissues. Conclusions These results suggested alterative origin of ovarian cysts or strong epigenetic reprogramming of infiltrating endometrial cells after seeding the ovarian tissue. The data provide contributing to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis.